Takardar Bayanin Fasaha na Kayan LED - Sake Dubawa Na 2 - Takardun Matakin Rayuwa - Takardar Fasaha ta Turanci

1. Bayyani Game da Samfur

Wannan takardar fasaha tana ba da cikakkun bayanai da jagorori na musamman ga wani kayan LED. Babban abin da aka mayar da hankali a kan bayanan da aka bayar shine sanarwar matakin rayuwarsa da matsayin sake dubawa. An tabbatar da cewa kayan yana cikin matakin "Sake Dubawa", wanda ke nuna cewa wannan sigar ce da aka sabunta daga wani zane na baya, wanda ya haɗa da yuwuwar ingantacciyar aiki, amintacce, ko samarwa. An ƙayyade lambar sake dubawa a matsayin 2. An rubuta ranar saki na wannan sake dubawa a ranar 5 ga Disamba, 2014. Lokacin da ya ƙare an yi masa alama da "Har Abada", wanda yawanci ke nuna cewa wannan sake dubawa ba shi da ranar da aka tsara don tsufa kuma an yi niyya don samun isasshen samu na dogon lokaci, ban da duk wani babban canji na fasaha ko yanke shawarar dakatarwa. Wannan kwanciyar hankali yana da mahimmanci ga masu zane da masana'antu waɗanda ke buƙatar kayan aiki na yau da kullun don samfuran su.

2. Cikakken Nazarin Ma'auni na Fasaha

Duk da yake guntun bayanin ya mayar da hankali kan bayanan gudanarwa, cikakkiyar takardar bayanin LED za ta ƙunshi cikakkun ma'auni na fasaha. Waɗannan suna da mahimmanci ga zanen da'ira da haɗin tsarin.

2.1 Halayen Haske da Launi

Cikakken nazarin fitowar hasken LED yana da mahimmanci. Wannan ya haɗa da babban tsawon zango ko kuma ma'anar zazzabin launi (CCT), wanda ke ayyana launin hasken da aka fitar (misali, farin sanyi, farin dumi, takamaiman launi). Gudun haske, wanda aka auna a lumens (lm), yana nuna jimillar ƙarfin haske da ake gani. Ingantaccen haske (lm/W) shine ma'auni mai mahimmanci na inganci. Ma'auni na launi (misali, akan zanen CIE 1931) suna ba da madaidaicin wurin launi. Kusurwar kallo, wanda aka ƙayyade a digiri, yana bayyana rarraba ƙarfin haske a kusurwa. Ga LED masu launi, kololuwar tsawon zango da rabin faɗin bakan suna da mahimmanci.

2.2 Ma'auni na Lantarki

Halayen lantarki suna ayyana yanayin aiki. An ƙayyade karfin lantarki na gaba (Vf) a wani gwajin wutar lantarki (If) da aka bayar. Dole ne masu zane su yi la'akari da rarraba Vf ko kuma kewayon yawanci. Karfin lantarki na baya (Vr) yana nuna matsakaicin ƙarfin lantarki da aka yarda a cikin hanyar da ba ta gudana ba. Wutar lantarki ta gaba (If) ita ce wutar lantarki da aka ba da shawarar don aiki, tare da an ba da matsakaicin ƙimar cikakke. Za a iya fahimtar juriya mai ƙarfi daga lankwasa IV. Ana lissafin ɓarnawar wutar lantarki daga Vf da If, wanda ke tasiri ga zanen zafi.

2.3 Halayen Zafi

Aikin LED da tsawon rayuwarsa sun dogara sosai akan zazzabi. Zazzabin haɗin gwiwa (Tj) shine zazzabi na ciki mai mahimmanci. Juriyar zafi daga haɗin gwiwa zuwa yanayi (RθJA) ko haɗin gwiwa zuwa wurin solder (RθJS) yana ƙididdige yadda zafi ke fita cikin sauƙi daga guntu. Matsakaicin zazzabin haɗin gwiwa da aka yarda (Tj max) bai kamata a wuce shi ba. Fahimtar waɗannan ma'auni yana da mahimmanci don tsara isasshen hanyar kwantar da zafi don kiyaye fitowar haske, kwanciyar hankali na launi, da amintacciyar dogon lokaci.

3. Bayanin Tsarin Rarraba (Binning)

Bambance-bambancen masana'antu yana haifar da ɗan bambanci tsakanin LED ɗaya ɗaya. Binning shine tsarin rarraba kayan zuwa ƙungiyoyi (kwantena) bisa ma'auni masu mahimmanci don tabbatar da daidaito a cikin rukunin samarwa.

3.1 Rarraba Tsawon Zango / Zazzabin Launi

Ana rarraba LED bisa ma'auni na launi ko CCT. Ƙunƙuntaccen kwanti (ƙaramin mataki na ellipse na MacAdam, misali, mataki 2 ko mataki 3) yana tabbatar da ƙaramin bambancin launi da ake iya gani tsakanin LED, wanda yake da mahimmanci ga aikace-aikace kamar kayan haske da nunin faifai inda daidaiton launi ke da mahimmanci.

3.2 Rarraba Gudun Haske

Ana rarraba LED bisa fitowar haske a daidaitaccen gwajin wutar lantarki. Wannan yana ba masu zane damar zaɓar kayan da suka dace da takamaiman buƙatun haske kuma yana taimakawa wajen kiyaye daidaiton haske a cikin jeri.

3.3 Rarraba Karfin Lantarki na Gaba (Vf)

Rarraba ta hanyar karfin lantarki na gaba (Vf) a takamaiman wutar lantarki yana taimakawa wajen tsara ingantattun da'irori masu tuƙi, musamman lokacin haɗa LED da yawa a jere, saboda yana rage rashin daidaiton wutar lantarki.

4. Nazarin Lankwasa na Aiki

Bayanan hoto suna ba da zurfin fahimtar halayen kayan a ƙarƙashin yanayi daban-daban.

4.1 Lankwasa Halayen I-V (Karfin Lantarki da Wutar Lantarki)

Wannan lankwasa tana nuna alaƙa tsakanin wutar lantarki ta gaba da karfin lantarki na gaba. Ba ta da layi, tana nuna ƙarfin lantarki na kunna wuta da yanki na kusan tashi mai ma'ana. Gangaren lankwasa a yankin aiki yana da alaƙa da juriya mai ƙarfi. Yana da mahimmanci ga zanen direba, yana ƙayyade ƙarfin lantarki da ake buƙata don wutar lantarki da aka bayar.

4.2 Nazarin Dogaro da Zazzabi

Manyan zane-zane suna nuna yadda ma'auni ke canzawa tare da zazzabi. Yawanci, karfin lantarki na gaba (Vf) yana raguwa yayin da zazzabin haɗin gwiwa ya ƙaru. Gudun haske shima yana raguwa tare da haɓakar zazzabi. Fahimtar waɗannan alaƙa yana da mahimmanci don tsarin tsarin da ke kiyaye aiki a kan kewayon zazzabin aiki da aka yi niyya.

3.3 Rarraba Karfin Haske a kowane Tsawon Zango

Wannan zanen yana nuna ƙarfin haske da aka fitar a kowane tsawon zango. Ga LED farare (sau da yawa shuɗi guntu + phosphor), yana nuna kololuwar shuɗi da faɗaɗa bakan da aka canza phosphor. Yana ayyana ma'anar nunin launi (CRI) da ainihin ingancin launi na hasken.

5. Bayanin Injiniya da Kunshin

Cikakkun bayanai na zahiri suna tabbatar da ingantaccen zanen PCB da haɗawa.

5.1 Zanen Tsari da Girma

Cikakken zanen da ke nuna daidaitaccen tsayi, faɗi, tsayi, da duk wani mahimmanci na iyaka. Ya haɗa da ra'ayoyin sama, gefe, da ƙasa.

5.2 Tsarin Pad da Zanen Solder Pad

An ba da shawarar tsarin ƙasa na PCB (sawun ƙafa), gami da girman pad, tazara, da siffa. Wannan yana da mahimmanci don ƙirƙirar tsarin PCB don tabbatar da ingantaccen solder da kwanciyar hankali na injiniya.

5.3 Gano Polarity (Anode da Cathode)

An nuna bayyanannen alamar tashoshi na anode da cathode, sau da yawa ta hanyar zanen da ke nuna tsaga, ɗigo, gefen da aka yi da bevel, ko girman pad daban-daban akan jikin kayan ko a cikin sawun ƙafa.

6. Jagororin Solder da Haɗawa

Ingantaccen sarrafawa yana tabbatar da amintacce.

6.1 Bayanin Yanayin Reflow Solder

Cikakken zanen zazzabi da lokaci yana ayyana shawarar bayanin reflow, gami da dumama, jiƙa, reflow (kololuwar zazzabi), da ƙimar sanyaya. An ƙayyade matsakaicin iyakokin zazzabi da lokutan bayyanawa don hana lalata kunshin LED ko mutuwar ciki.

6.2 Kula da Kayan

Umarnin yawanci sun haɗa da gargaɗi game da damuwa na injiniya, buƙatun kariya daga fitar da wutar lantarki (ESD) (kamar yadda LED sau da yawa na'urori masu hankali ne na ESD), da kuma guje wa gurɓatawa akan ruwan tabarau ko jagororin.

6.3 Yanayin Ajiya

An ƙayyade yanayin ajiya da aka ba da shawarar, yawanci ya haɗa da sarrafa zazzabi da zafi (misali, <30°C, <60% RH) don hana sha ruwa (wanda zai iya haifar da "popcorning" yayin reflow) da lalata gubar.

7. Bayanin Kunshin da Oda

7.1 Cikakkun Bayanai na Kunshin

Yana bayyana nau'in bayarwa: cikakkun bayanai na tef da reel (faɗin tef ɗin mai ɗauka, tazarar aljihu, diamita na reel), adadin bututu, ko kunshin gabaɗaya. Ya haɗa da shugabanci a cikin kunshin.

7.2 Bayanin Alama (Labeling)

Yana bayyana alamun da ke kan reel ko alamar akwati, waɗanda galibi sun haɗa da lambar kayan, adadi, lambar rukuni/loti, lambar kwanan wata, da bayanin rarraba.

7.3 Tsarin Lambar Kayan (Part Number)

Yana fassara tsarin lambar kayan, yana nuna yadda lambobi daban-daban a cikin lambar ke wakiltar takamaiman halaye kamar launi, kwandon gudu, kwandon ƙarfin lantarki, nau'in kunshin, da matakin sake dubawa (misali, "Sake Dubawa: 2" daga ainihin bayanan).

8. Shawarwarin Aikace-aikace

8.1 Da'irori na Aikace-aikace na Yau da Kullun

Zane-zane na hanyoyin tuƙi na gama-gari: sauƙaƙan iyakance wutar lantarki na resistor na jeri don aikace-aikacen ƙaramin wutar lantarki, da'irori masu tuƙi na wutar lantarki na yau da kullun (layi ko canzawa) don mafi kyawun aiki da inganci, da da'irorin haɗin gwiwa na PWM dimming.

8.2 Abubuwan da Ya Kamata a Yi la'akari da su a Zane

Mahimman abubuwa sun haɗa da zanen sarrafa zafi (lissafin buƙatun heatsink ta amfani da RθJA da ɓarnawar wutar lantarki), zanen gani (zaɓin ruwan tabarau, siffar katako), zaɓin direba bisa ƙarfin lantarki na gaba da buƙatun wutar lantarki, da tabbatar da dacewar lantarki tare da tsarin sarrafawa.

9. Kwatancen Fasaha

Duk da yake takardar bayani guda ɗaya ba ta kwatanta ba, mai zane zai yi amfani da wannan bayanin don kwatanta da madadin. Abubuwan banbance-banbance da ke nuna ta hanyar "Sake Dubawa 2" na iya haɗawa da: mafi girman ingantaccen haske idan aka kwatanta da sake dubawa na baya, ingantaccen daidaiton launi (ƙunƙuntaccen rarraba), ingantaccen bayanan amintacce (tsawon rayuwa na L70/L90), ƙananan juriya na zafi, ko ƙarin ƙarfi zanen kunshin. Lokacin da ya ƙare na "Har Abada" yana nuna alƙawarin kwanciyar hankali na samarwa na dogon lokaci, wanda ke da babbar fa'ida akan kayan tare da tsufa da aka tsara.

10. Tambayoyin da Ake Yawan Yi (FAQ)

Q: Me ake nufi da "Matakin Rayuwa: Sake Dubawa"?

A: Yana nuna cewa wannan ba sabon samfuri ba ne amma sigar da aka sabunta (Sake Dubawa 2) na wani kayan da ke akwai. Canje-canje na iya zama ƙanana (ingantattun hanyoyin) ko manya (haɓaka aiki), amma siffar, dacewa, da ainihin aikin yawanci ana kiyaye su.

Q: Menene ma'anar "Lokacin da ya ƙare: Har Abada"?

A: Wannan yana nuna cewa masana'antar ba ta da wani shiri na yanzu don dakatar da wannan takamaiman sake dubawa, yana ba da kwanciyar hankali na samarwa don ayyukan dogon lokaci. Duk da haka, baya tabbatar da samarwa har abada ba, saboda ƙarfin kasuwa ko maye gurbin fasaha na iya haifar da sanarwar ƙarshen rayuwa (EOL) a ƙarshe.

Q: Ta yaya ya kamata in fassara ranar saki a cikin tsarin zane na?

A: Ranar saki (2014-12-05) tana ba da mahallin. Don sabon zane, kuna iya duba idan akwai sabon sake dubawa. Hakanan yana taimakawa wajen gano tarihin kayan. Tabbatar cewa duk wani bayani na amintacce ko aiki a cikin cikakkiyar takardar bayanin har yanzu ana ɗaukarsa ingantacce kuma wakilci ne na samarwa na yanzu.

Q: Idan ina da allunan da aka gina da Sake Dubawa 1, zan iya amfani da Sake Dubawa 2?

A: Gabaɗaya, i, idan yake da gaske siffa-dace-aiki sake dubawa. Duk da haka, yana da mahimmanci a kwatanta cikakkun bayanan fasaha na duka sake dubawa don tabbatar da cewa babu wani lantarki, gani, ko ma'auni na zafi da ya canza ta hanyar da ke tasiri aikace-aikacen ku. Koyaushe ku tuntubi cikakkiyar takardar bayanin.

11. Misalan Amfani na Aiki

Misali 1: Hasken Layi na Gine-gine

Mai zane yana ƙirƙirar madaidaiciyar LED don hasken kogo. Ta amfani da bayanin rarraba (ƙunƙuntaccen CCT da kwantena gudu), za su iya tabbatar da launi da haske mara tsada a duk tsawon gudu. Ana amfani da bayanan juriya na zafi don lissafin girman girman bayanin aluminum da ake buƙata don kiyaye zazzabin haɗin gwiwa a ƙasa da Tj max, yana tabbatar da ƙayyadaddun tsawon rayuwa da kuma kiyaye daidaiton launi akan lokaci.

Misali 2: Alamun Panel ɗin Sarrafa Masana'antu

Injiniya yana buƙatar LED na matsayi don mu'amalar na'ura. Ana amfani da ƙayyadaddun ƙarfin lantarki na gaba da wutar lantarki don zaɓar ƙimar resistor na jeri da ta dace don wadatar DC 24V. Zanen injiniya yana tabbatar da cewa zaɓaɓɓen LED ya dace da ramukan da aka riga aka hako na panel, kuma an shirya bayanin solder a cikin tanda reflow na layin haɗawa.

12. Gabatarwa da Ka'idar Aiki

LED diode ne na semiconductor. Lokacin da aka yi amfani da ƙarfin lantarki na gaba a kan haɗin gwiwar p-n, electrons daga kayan n-type suna sake haɗuwa da ramuka daga kayan p-type a cikin yankin da aka ƙare. Wannan sake haɗuwa yana sakin makamashi a cikin nau'in photons (haske). Tsawon zango (launi) na hasken da aka fitar an ƙaddara shi ta hanyar ƙarfin bandgap na kayan semiconductor da aka yi amfani da su (misali, InGaN don shuɗi/kore, AlInGaP don ja/amber). LED farare galibi ana ƙirƙira su ta hanyar lulluɓe shuɗi LED guntu da phosphor rawaya; wasu daga cikin hasken shuɗi ana canza su zuwa rawaya, kuma cakuda shuɗi da hasken rawaya ana ganinsa a matsayin fari. Ingantaccen wannan tsarin electroluminescent ana siffanta shi da ingantaccen inganci na bangon toshe ko ingantaccen haske.

13. Trends na Ci gaban Fasaha

Masana'antar LED tana ci gaba da haɓaka. Manyan trends sun haɗa da:Ƙara Ingantacciyar Aiki:Bincike mai gudana yana nufin samar da ƙarin lumens a kowace watt, rage amfani da makamashi don haske.Ingantaccen Ingancin Launi:Haɓaka phosphors da hanyoyin magance guntu da yawa don cimma mafi girman Ma'anar Nunin Launi (CRI) da ƙarin rarraba ƙarfin haske masu daɗi.Ƙananan & Haɗawa:Haɓaka ƙananan guntu masu ƙarfi (misali, micro-LEDs) da haɗaɗɗun fakitin da ke haɗa LED tare da direbobi da da'irorin sarrafawa.Hasken Wayo:Haɗa na'urori masu auna firikwensin da hanyoyin sadarwa (Li-Fi, IoT) kai tsaye cikin ƙirar LED.Dorewa:Mayar da hankali kan rage amfani da mahimman albarkatun ƙasa, inganta sake yin amfani da su, da ƙara tsawaita tsawon rayuwar aiki don rage tasirin muhalli. Matsayin "Sake Dubawa 2" na wannan kayan yana sanya shi cikin wannan ci gaba na haɓaka.