Bayanin Kayan LED - Sake Dubawa Na 2 - Matakin Rayuwar Kayayyaki: Sake Dubawa - Ranar Saki: 2014-12-05 - Takardun Fasaha na Hausa

1. Bayanin Samfur

Wannan takarda ta yi cikakken bayani game da ƙayyadaddun kayan lantarki, musamman LED, wanda a halin yanzu yana cikinSake Dubawa Na 2matakin rayuwar samfurin. An saki kayan a hukumance a ranar5 ga Disamba, 2014, da karfe 11:57:35. Wani muhimmin sifa da aka lura a cikin bayanan da aka bayar shineLokacin Ƙarewa, wanda aka keɓance shi daHar Abada. Wannan yana nuna cewa daga mahangin masana'anta, wannan takamaiman sake dubawa ba shi da tsare-tsaren ranar da zai ƙare kuma yana nan don tunani da amfani har abada, ban da duk wani takarda da zai maye gurbinsa. Maimaita bayanan rayuwar wannan yana nuna daidaitaccen kai ko toshe metadata da ake amfani da shi a cikin shafuka da yawa ko sassan ainihin PDF, yana jaddada kwanciyar hankali da ƙayyadaddun yanayin wannan sake dubawa.

2. Cikakken Fassarar Maƙasudin Sigogi na Fasaha

Yayin da ginshiƙin PDF ya mai da hankali kan metadata na gudanarwa, cikakkiyar takardar fasaha don kayan LED yawanci za ta haɗa da cikakkun sigogi. Dangane da daidaitaccen aikin masana'antu don irin waɗannan kayan, za a yi nazari mai zurfi akan sassan masu zuwa.

2.1 Halayen Hoto da Launi

Wannan sashe zai yi cikakken bayani game da kaddarorin fitar da haske. Muhimman sigogi sun haɗa daƘarfin Hasken Hasken, wanda aka auna a cikin lumens (lm), wanda ke ƙididdige ƙarfin hasken da ake gani.Matsakaicin Tsawon Tsawon HaskenkoZazzabin Launi Mai Alaƙa (CCT)yana ayyana launin hasken da aka fitar, daga farin zafi zuwa farin sanyi don fararen LED, ko takamaiman launuka masu launi kamar ja, shuɗi, ko kore.Fihirisar Bayyana Launi (CRI), musamman don fararen LED, yana nuna yadda tushen haske ke bayyana launukan abubuwa daidai idan aka kwatanta da tushen hasken halitta. TheKusurwar Dubawayana ƙayyade kewayon kusurwar da ƙarfin haske ya kasance aƙalla rabin matsakaicin ƙimarsa, yana shafar tsarin katakon.

2.2 Sigogi na Lantarki

Wannan ɓangare yana ba da muhimman yanayin aiki na lantarki. TheƘarfin Lantarki na Gaba (Vf)shine raguwar ƙarfin lantarki a kan LED lokacin da yake fitar da haske a takamaiman ƙarfin lantarki. Yana da mahimmanci don ƙirar direba. TheƘarfin Lantarki na Gaba (If)shine ƙarfin lantarki na aiki da aka ba da shawarar, yawanci ana ba da shi azaman ƙimar DC mai ci gaba. WucewaMatsakaicin Ƙarfin Lantarki na Gabazai iya haifar da lalacewa cikin sauri ko gazawar nan take. TheƘarfin Lantarki na Baya (Vr)rating yana nuna matsakaicin ƙarfin lantarki da za a iya amfani da shi a cikin hanyar baya ba tare da lalata LED ba. Ana ƙididdige ɓarnawar wutar lantarki daga Vf da If.

2.3 Halayen Zafi

Ayyukan LED da tsawon rayuwa sun dogara sosai akan zafin jiki. TheJuriya na Thermal (Rth_j-a), wanda aka auna a cikin digiri Celsius kowace watt (°C/W), yana ƙididdige wahalar canja wurin zafi daga haɗin LED zuwa yanayin muhalli. Ƙananan ƙima yana nuna mafi kyawun zubar da zafi. TheMatsakaicin Zafin Junction (Tj_max)shine mafi girman zafin jiki da haɗin semiconductor zai iya jurewa ba tare da lalacewa ta dindindin ba. Yin aiki a ƙarƙashin wannan zafin jiki, da kyau ya fi ƙasa, yana da mahimmanci don dogon lokacin dogaro. Ana buƙatar isasshen heatsinking don kiyaye zafin haɗin a cikin iyakokin aminci.

3. Bayanin Tsarin Binning

Bambance-bambancen masana'antu yana haifar da ɗan bambanci tsakanin LED ɗaya. Tsarin binning yana haɗa abubuwan da ke da halaye iri ɗaya.

3.1 Binning na Tsawon Hasken/Zazzabin Launi

Ana rarraba LED zuwa kwandon bin bisa matsakaicin tsawon haskensu (don LED masu launi) ko CCT da Duv (don fararen LED). Wannan yana tabbatar da daidaiton launi a cikin rukunin samarwa ɗaya ko aikace-aikace.

3.2 Binning na Ƙarfin Hasken Hasken

Ana rarraba LED bisa ga fitowar haskensu a daidaitaccen gwajin gwaji. Wannan yana ba masu ƙira damar zaɓar abubuwan da suka dace da takamaiman buƙatun haske.

3.3 Binning na Ƙarfin Lantarki na Gaba

Ana haɗa abubuwan da suka dace da raguwar ƙarfin lantarki na gaba. Wannan yana da mahimmanci don aikace-aikacen da aka haɗa LED da yawa a jere, saboda rashin daidaituwar Vf na iya haifar da rarraba ƙarfin lantarki mara daidaituwa da haske.

4. Bincike na Lankwasa Aiki

Bayanan hoto yana ba da zurfin fahimta game da halayen kayan a ƙarƙashin yanayi daban-daban.

4.1 Lankwasa na Ƙarfin Lantarki vs. Ƙarfin Lantarki (I-V)

Wannan lankwasa yana nuna alaƙar tsakanin ƙarfin lantarki na gaba da ƙarfin lantarki na gaba. Ba shi da layi, tare da halayen ƙarfin lantarki na \"gwiwa\" wanda ƙasa da shi ƙaramin ƙarfin lantarki ke gudana. Lankwasa yana taimakawa wajen zaɓar daidaitaccen kewayon iyakancewar ƙarfin lantarki.

4.2 Halayen Zafin Jiki

Hotuna yawanci suna nuna yadda ƙarfin lantarki na gaba ke raguwa da ƙarfin hasken haske yana lalacewa yayin da zafin haɗin ke ƙaruwa. Fahimtar waɗannan alaƙar yana da mahimmanci don ƙirar sarrafa zafin jiki don kiyaye aiki a tsawon rayuwar samfurin.

3.3 Rarraba Ƙarfin Hasken

Don fararen LED, wannan jadawalin yana nuna matsakaicin ƙarfin haske a cikin bakan gani. Yana bayyana kololuwar LED na famfo shuɗi da faɗaɗɗen fitowar phosphor, yana taimakawa wajen fahimtar ingancin launi da CRI.

5. Bayanin Injiniya da Marufi

Cikakkun ƙayyadaddun zahiri sun zama dole don ƙirar PCB da haɗawa.

5.1 Zanen Girmansa

Cikakken zane tare da jurewa yana nuna tsawon kayan, faɗi, tsayi, da duk wani mahimmin fasali kamar siffar ruwan tabarau ko girma na gubar.

5.2 Ƙirar Tsarin Pad

Shawarar tsarin tagulla akan PCB don na'urorin da aka haɗa a saman (SMD), gami da girman pad, siffa, da tazara don tabbatar da ingantaccen gini da ƙarfin injiniya.

5.3 Gano Polarity

Alama bayyananne a jikin kayan (misali, tsaga, ɗigo, ko yanke kusurwa) da kuma a cikin zane don nuna anode da cathode. Daidaitaccen polarity yana da mahimmanci don aikin kewaye.

6. Jagororin Gini da Haɗawa

Daidaitaccen sarrafawa yana tabbatar da dogaro.

6.1 Bayanin Siffar Gini na Reflow

Zane na lokaci-zafin jiki yana ƙayyadadden matakan dumama, jiƙa, sake kwarara, da sanyaya. Muhimman sigogi sun haɗa da matsakaicin zafin jiki (yawanci 245-260°C don gini mara gubar) da lokacin da ya wuce ruwa (TAL). Yin biyayya yana hana girgizar zafi.

6.2 Tsare-tsare

Umarni na iya haɗawa da: guje wa damuwa na injiniya akan ruwan tabarau, amfani da magudanar ruwa mara tsabta, hana sha ruwa (MSL rating), da tabbatar da kariyar ESD yayin sarrafawa.

6.3 Yanayin Ajiya

Shawarar zafin jiki da yanayin zafi don adana abubuwan da ba a yi amfani da su ba, sau da yawa a cikin jakunkunan shinge na danshi tare da busassun abu idan Matakin Hankalin Danshi (MSL) ya fi 1.

7. Bayanin Marufi da Oda

Cikakkun bayanai don saye da dabaru.

7.1 Ƙayyadaddun Marufi

Yana bayyana girmansa na tef da reel, girman aljihu, diamita na reel, da kuma yanayin abubuwan don injunan ɗauka da sanyawa ta atomatik.

7.2 Bayanin Alama

Yana bayyana bayanan da aka buga akan alamar reel, gami da lambar sashi, yawa, lambar kuri'a, lambar kwanan wata, da lambobin binning.

7.3 Dokar Lambar Sashi

Yana warware tsarin lambar sashi, yana nuna yadda fage daban-daban ke wakiltar halaye kamar launi, kwandon haske, kwandon ƙarfin lantarki, nau'in marufi, da fasali na musamman.

8. Shawarwarin Aikace-aikace

8.1 Yanayin Aikace-aikace na Al'ada

Wannan LED, bisa ga abubuwan da ke cikinsa daga kasancewa daidaitaccen kayan aiki, ya dace da aikace-aikace iri-iri ciki har da fitilun nuni na gabaɗaya, hasken baya don ƙananan nuni, fitilun matsayi akan kayan lantarki na mabukaci, hasken ciki na mota, da hasken kayan ado. \"Har Abada\" lokacin ƙarewar sa yana nuna an yi niyya don samfuran da ke da tsawon rayuwa ko inda ake la'akari da samun kayan gyara na dogon lokaci.

8.2 Abubuwan Ƙira

Koyaushe ku tuka LED tare da tushen ƙarfin lantarki na yau da kullun, ba ƙarfin lantarki na yau da kullun ba, don tabbatar da ingantaccen fitar da haske da hana guduwar zafi. Ƙididdige madaidaicin resistor mai iyakancewar ƙarfin lantarki ko zaɓi daidaitaccen LED driver IC bisa ƙarfin lantarki na gaba da ƙarfin lantarki da ake so. Tabbatar da isasshen yanki na tagulla na PCB ko takamaiman heatsink don sarrafa zafin jiki, musamman lokacin aiki a manyan ƙarfin lantarki ko a cikin manyan yanayin zafi. Yi la'akari da abubuwan ƙira na gani kamar masu watsawa ko ruwan tabarau don cimma rabon hasken da ake so.

9. Kwatancen Fasaha

Yayin da kwatancen kai tsaye yana buƙatar takamaiman abokin hamayya, babban abin da ya bambanta wannan sake dubawa, kamar yadda bayanan da aka bayar suka nuna, shine ƙaddararsaMatakin Rayuwar Kayayyaki: Sake Dubawa Na 2tare daLokacin Ƙarewa: Har Abada. Wannan yana ba da fa'ida a cikin kwanciyar hankali na ƙira da tsinkayar wadata na dogon lokaci idan aka kwatanta da abubuwan da aka yiwa alama da \"Farko\", \"Tsufa\", ko suna da ƙayyadadden ranar ƙarshen rayuwa. Masu ƙira za su iya haɗa wannan kayan tare da kwarin gwiwa cewa ƙayyadaddunsa sun daidaita kuma zai kasance zaɓi mai inganci har abada, yana rage ƙoƙarin sake cancanta don samfuran samarwa na gaba.

10. Tambayoyin da ake yawan yi

Q: Me \"Matakin Rayuwar Kayayyaki: Sake Dubawa Na 2\" ke nufi?
A: Yana nuna wannan shine sigar ƙayyadaddun kayan aiki ta biyu da aka saki a hukumance kuma aka gyara. Sake dubawa na farko (misali, Sake Dubawa 0 ko 1) na iya kasancewa. Ana ɗaukar Sake Dubawa Na 2 a matsayin mai kwanciyar hankali don samarwa.

Q: Shin \"Lokacin Ƙarewa: Har Abada\" yana nufin kayan ba zai taɓa zama tsoho ba?
A: Yana nufin masana'anta bai saita ranar ƙarewa don wannan takamaimansake dubawa na takardaba kuma ba ya shirin ayyana shi a matsayin tsoho nan take. Duk da haka, ainihin samar da kayan aiki na iya ƙarewa a ƙarshe bisa ga buƙatun kasuwa, amma ƙayyadaddun yana nan don tunani.

Q: Ranar saki ita ce 2014. Shin wannan kayan ya tsufa?
A: Ba lallai ba ne. Ranar saki na 2014 don takardar Sake Dubawa Na 2 tana nuna fasahar da ke ƙasa ta kasance balagagge a lokacin. Yawancin fakitin LED na asali suna da tsawon rayuwa na shekaru da yawa a kasuwa. \"Har Abada\" lokacin ƙarewa yana goyan bayan ci gaba da dacewarsa. Koyaushe ku duba sabon takardar bayanai daga masana'anta don duk wani sabuntawa mai yuwuwa.

11. Amfani na Aiki

Yanayi: Fitilar Nuni na Masana'antu mai Tsawon Rayuwa
Masana'antar kayan aiki sun ƙera panel iko don injinan masana'antu wanda dole ne ya yi aiki da aminci sama da shekaru 15. Sun zaɓi wannan LED bisa ga bayanansa na \"Sake Dubawa Na 2\" da \"Har Abada\" lokacin ƙarewa, wanda ke nuna balagaggen ƙira da samuwar ƙayyadaddun dogon lokaci. Ƙungiyar ƙira ta yi amfani da ƙarfin lantarki na gaba da sigogi na ƙarfin lantarki don girman resistor mai iyakancewar ƙarfin lantarki akan PCB. Suna amfani da bayanan juriya na zafin jiki don tabbatar da ƙaramin yanki na PCB da aka keɓe don mai nuni yana ba da isasshen zubar da zafi don kiyaye zafin haɗin ƙasa, ta haka ne suka cimma burin tsawon rayuwa. Bayyanannen alamar polarity yana sauƙaƙa haɗawa. Ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun suna nufin ana iya amfani da BOM ɗaya don duk aikin samarwa ba tare da tsoron canje-canjen lantarki da ba a sanar da su ba.

12. Gabatarwar Ka'ida

LED diode ne na semiconductor. Lokacin da aka yi amfani da ƙarfin lantarki na gaba a kan tashoshinsa (anode tabbatacce dangane da cathode), electrons daga kayan semiconductor na n-type suna sake haɗuwa da ramuka daga kayan p-type a cikin yanki mai aiki. Wannan tsarin sake haɗuwa yana sakin makamashi a cikin nau'in photons (haske). Takamaiman tsawon haske (launi) na hasken da aka fitar an ƙaddara shi ta hanyar tazarar bandgap na kayan semiconductor da aka yi amfani da su (misali, InGaN don shuɗi/kore, AlInGaP don ja/amber). Ana ƙirƙira fararen LED yawanci ta hanyar lulluɓe guntu LED shuɗi tare da kayan phosphor wanda ke ɗaukar wasu hasken shuɗi kuma ya sake fitar da shi azaman mafi faɗin bakan hasken rawaya; cakuda shuɗi da hasken rawaya ana ganinsa a matsayin fari.

13. Trends na Ci Gaba

Masana'antar LED na ci gaba da haɓakawa. Trends sun haɗa da ƙaraingancin haske(ƙarin lumens kowace watt), ingantabayyana launi(matsakaicin CRI da ƙimar R9 don ja mai haske), da cimma mafi girmamatsakaicin yawan ƙarfin lantarkidon haske mai haske daga ƙananan fakitin. Akwai turawa zuwaƙananan ƙira(misali, micro-LEDs) dahaɗawa, kamar LED tare da direbobi na ciki (LED masu tuƙi IC) ko iyawar haɗa launi.Fasalolin haske mai hankali, gami da farin da za a iya daidaitawa (daidaitawar CCT) da sarrafa launi cikakke, suna zama ruwan dare gama gari. Bugu da ƙari, an ba da fifiko akaninganci da dogarogwaji, tare da daidaitattunhanyoyin bayar da rahoton rayuwakamar TM-21, yana ba masu ƙira cikakkun bayanan aiki na dogon lokaci. Manufar \"Har Abada\" lokacin ƙarewa don takardar bayanai na iya zama ƙasa da gama gari yayin da takardun dijital ke ba da damar ƙayyadaddun rayuwa mai ƙarfi, amma buƙatar ingantattun tunani don samfuran rayuwa mai tsayi zai kasance.