Takardar Bayanin Fasaha na Kayan LED - Sake Dubawa Na 3 na Tsarin Rayuwa - Ranar Saki 2015-10-16 - Takardar Fasaha ta Hausa

1. Bayyani Game da Samfur

Wannan takardar fasaha ta shafi wani takamaiman kayan lantarki, mai yiwuwa LED (Light Emitting Diode) ko wani na'urar haske mai alaƙa. Babban bayanin da aka bayar yana nuna cewa kayan yana cikin sake dubawa na uku (Revision 3) na tsarin rayuwarsa, tare da ranar saki 16 ga Oktoba, 2015. Rubutun "Expired Period: Forever" yana nuna cewa wannan sigar takardar ita ce cikakkiyar ƙayyadaddun bayanai na wannan sake dubawa, ba a shirya ta ƙare ko a maye gurbinta da wata sabuwar takarda don wannan takamaiman sigar samfurin. Wannan matsayi ya zama ruwan dare ga manyan kayan da suka kai matsayi na kwanciyar hankali a samarwa.

An ƙera kayan don aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar ingantaccen aiki na dogon lokaci. Matsayinsa na ƙarshe na sake dubawa yana nuna cewa an yi masa gwaji mai zurfi da tabbatarwa, wanda ya sa ya dace da haɗawa cikin samfuran inda kwanciyar hankali na ƙira da kuma samarwa akai-akai suke da muhimmanci.

2. Zurfin Fassarar Ma'anar Sigogi na Fasaha

Duk da cewa ɓangaren PDF da aka bayar yana da iyaka, cikakkiyar takardar bayanin fasaha don irin wannan kayan yawanci za ta haɗa da waɗannan nau'ikan sigogi, waɗanda suke da mahimmanci ga injiniyoyin ƙira.

2.1 Halayen Haske da Launi

Mahimman sigogi sun haɗa da babban tsawon raƙuman haske ko ma'anar zazzabin launi (CCT), wanda ke ayyana launin hasken da ake fitarwa. Ga LED ɗin fari, ana ƙayyade CCT a cikin Kelvin (K), kamar 2700K (fari mai dumi), 4000K (fari tsaka-tsaki), ko 6500K (fari mai sanyi). Ƙarfin haske (Luminous flux), wanda ake aunawa a cikin lumens (lm), yana nuna jimillar hasken da ake gani. Ma'auni na launi (misali, akan zanen CIE 1931) suna ba da cikakkiyar ma'anar wurin launi. Ma'auni na Nuna Launi (CRI), ƙima har zuwa 100, yana auna ikon hasken na bayyana ainihin launukan abubuwa idan aka kwatanta da hasken halitta.

2.2 Sigogi na Lantarki

Ƙarfin lantarki na gaba (Vf) shine raguwar ƙarfin lantarki a kan LED lokacin da yake aiki a ƙayyadadden ƙarfinsa. Yana da mahimmanci ga ƙirar mai turawa kuma yana bambanta da kayan LED (misali, InGaN don shuɗi/kore/fari, AlInGaP don ja/amber). Ƙarfin lantarki na gaba (If) shine ƙarfin aiki da aka shawarce, yawanci a cikin milliamperes (mA) ko amperes (A) don LED ɗin ƙarfi. Matsakaicin ƙima don ƙarfin lantarki na baya da ƙarfin lantarki na gaba suna ayyana iyakokin da na'urar za ta iya jurewa ba tare da lalacewa ba. Ma'auni na hankali ga zubar da lantarki ta hanyar tashin hankali (ESD) (misali, Class 1C, 1000V HBM) yana da mahimmanci ga hanyoyin sarrafawa da haɗawa.

2.3 Halayen Zafi

Aikin LED da tsawon rayuwarsa sun dogara sosai kan sarrafa zafi. Juriyar zafi daga haɗin zuwa yanayi (RθJA) tana nuna yadda ake canja wurin zafi daga haɗin semiconductor zuwa muhallin da ke kewaye. Ƙananan ƙima yana nuna ingantaccen kawar da zafi. Matsakaicin zafin haɗin (Tj max) shine mafi girman zafin da die na semiconductor zai iya jurewa. Yin amfani da LED a ƙasa da wannan zafin, yawanci ta hanyar kiyaye ƙananan zafin akwati (Tc), yana da mahimmanci don tabbatar da tsawon rayuwar da aka ƙayyade da hana saurin raguwar haske ko gazawar da ta haifar da lalacewa.

3. Bayanin Tsarin Rarraba (Binning)

Bambance-bambancen masana'antu yana buƙatar rarraba kayan zuwa rukunin aiki don tabbatar da daidaito ga masu amfani na ƙarshe.

3.1 Rarraba Tsawon Raƙuman Haske/Zazzabin Launi

Ana rarraba LED ɗin zuwa ƙananan rukunoni na tsawon raƙuman haske ko CCT (misali, ellipses na MacAdam na mataki 3, mataki 5) don tabbatar da ƙaramin bambancin launi a cikin aikace-aikace guda ɗaya. Wannan yana da mahimmanci ga na'urorin haskakawa da ke amfani da LED ɗin da yawa inda ake buƙatar daidaiton launi.

3.2 Rarraba Ƙarfin Haske (Luminous Flux)

Ana rarraba kayan bisa ga ƙarfin hasken da aka auna a daidaitaccen gwajin ƙarfin lantarki. Wannan yana ba masu ƙira damar zaɓar rukunoni waɗanda suka cika takamaiman buƙatun haske don matakan samfura daban-daban ko don rama asarar tsarin haske.

3.3 Rarraba Ƙarfin Lantarki na Gaba (Forward Voltage)

Rarraba ta hanyar ƙarfin lantarki na gaba yana taimakawa wajen ƙirar da'irori masu inganci na mai turawa, musamman lokacin haɗa LED ɗin da yawa a jere, saboda daidaitattun rukunonin Vf suna tabbatar da mafi daidaitaccen rarraba ƙarfin lantarki da sauƙaƙe buƙatun mai turawa.

4. Nazarin Lanƙwasa Aiki

Bayanan hoto suna ba da zurfin fahimtar halayen na'urar a ƙarƙashin yanayi daban-daban.

4.1 Lanƙwasa Ƙarfin Lantarki da Ƙarfin Wutar Lantarki (I-V)

Wannan lanƙwasa tana nuna alaƙar da ba ta da layi tsakanin ƙarfin lantarki na gaba da ƙarfin lantarki na gaba. Yana da mahimmanci don tantance wurin aiki da kuma ƙirar masu turawa na ƙarfin lantarki akai-akai, waɗanda suke daidaitattun don LED don tabbatar da ingantaccen fitar da haske da launi.

4.2 Halayen Zafi

Lanƙwasa yawanci suna nuna yadda ƙarfin lantarki na gaba ke raguwa tare da ƙaruwar zafin haɗin da kuma yadda ƙarfin haske ke raguwa yayin da zafin ya tashi. Fahimtar wannan raguwar zafi yana da mahimmanci don ƙirar isassun masu sanyaya zafi da kuma hasashen aiki a cikin yanayin aikace-aikace.

4.3 Rarraba Ƙarfin Haske ta Bisa Raƙuman Haske (SPD)

Zanen SPD yana zana ƙarfin haske na dangi da ake fitarwa a kowane tsawon raƙuman haske. Yana ba da cikakkun bayanai game da ingancin launi, tsayin raƙuman haske mafi girma, da faɗin bakan, wanda ke da mahimmanci ga aikace-aikacen da ke da takamaiman buƙatun launi.

5. Bayanin Injini da Kunshin

Kunshin na zahiri yana tabbatar da haɗin lantarki, kwanciyar hankali na injini, da hanyar zafi.

5.1 Zanen Bayyani na Girma

An ba da cikakken zane tare da mahimman girma (tsayi, faɗi, tsayi), iyakoki, da bayanan bayanai don ƙirar ƙafar PCB da haɗin kai na injini.

5.2 Tsarin Filaye da ƙirar Filayen Solder

An ƙayyade shirin ƙasa na PCB da aka shawarce (girman filaye, siffa, da tazara) don tabbatar da ingantaccen samuwar haɗin solder yayin reflow da kuma sarrafa damuwa na zafi.

5.3 Gano Ƙarshen Lantarki (Polarity)

An ayyana alamomi masu bayyanawa (kamar alamar cathode, tsaga, ko kusurwa mai karkata) don hana kuskuren fuskantarwa yayin haɗawa, wanda zai hana na'urar yin aiki.

6. Jagororin Solder da Haɗawa

Haɗawa daidai yana da mahimmanci ga amincin aiki.

6.1 Bayanin Yanayin Solder na Reflow

An ba da shawarar yanayin zafi, gami da dumama, jika, matsakaicin zafin reflow (yawanci bai wuce 260°C ba na takamaiman lokaci, misali, dakika 10), da ƙimar sanyaya. Bin wannan bayanin yana hana lalacewar zafi ga kunshin LED da die na ciki.

6.2 Abubuwan da Ya kamata a Kula da su da Kula da Kayan

Jagororin sun haɗa da amfani da ayyuka masu aminci na ESD, guje wa damuwa na injini akan ruwan tabarau, hana gurɓata saman haske, da kuma rashin shafa solder kai tsaye ga jikin kayan.

6.3 Yanayin Ajiya

Ajiyar da aka shawarce ta ƙunshi yanayi mai sarrafawa (ana ƙayyade yawan zafin jiki da ɗanɗano) a cikin kunshin mai hankali ga ɗanɗano (tare da ƙayyadadden Matakin Hankali na Danshi, MSL) don hana lalata tashoshi da lalacewar da danshi ya haifar yayin reflow ("popcorning").

7. Bayanin Kunshin da Oda

Bayanai don saye da dabaru.

7.1 Cikakkun Bayanai na Kunshin

Cikakkun bayanai sun haɗa da girma na reel (don kunshin tef da reel), adadin aljihu, fuskantarwa a cikin tef, da kayan reel.

7.2 Bayanin Alamar Kunshin

Yana bayyana bayanan da ke kan alamun kunshin, waɗanda yawanci sun haɗa da lambar sashi, adadi, lambar rukuni/loti, lambar kwanan wata, da bayanan rarraba (binning).

7.3 Tsarin Lambar Sashi (Part Number)

Yana fassara tsarin lambar sashi, yana nuna yadda fage daban-daban suka dace da halaye kamar launi, rukunin ƙarfin haske, rukunin ƙarfin lantarki, nau'in kunshin, da fasali na musamman.

8. Shawarwari na Aikace-aikace

8.1 Yanayin Aikace-aikace na Al'ada

Dangane da halayensa da ake nufi, wannan kayan zai iya dacewa da haskakawa na gabaɗaya (kwan fitila, fitilun ƙasa), raka'o'in hasken baya (don nunin fitila), hasken cikin mota, alamun kasuwanci, ko aikace-aikacen nuni inda ake buƙatar ingantaccen tushen haske mai tsayi.

8.2 Abubuwan da Ya kamata a Yi la'akari da su a Ƙirar

Mahimman abubuwan da ya kamata a yi la'akari da su sun haɗa da amfani da mai turawa na ƙarfin lantarki akai-akai, aiwatar da ingantaccen sarrafa zafi (mai sanyaya zafi), tabbatar da keɓancewar lantarki idan an buƙata, kariya daga saurin canjin ƙarfin lantarki, da yin la'akari da ƙirar haske (ruwan tabarau, masu watsawa) don cimma tsarin hasken da ake so da inganci.

9. Kwatancen Fasaha

Duk da cewa kwatancen kai tsaye yana buƙatar madadin takamaiman, "Revision 3" na wannan kayan da kuma lokacin "Forever" da ya ƙare yana nuna cewa ƙira ce mai girma, ingantacciya. Fa'idodinsa sun haɗa da ingantaccen aiki da aka siffanta, babban amincin aiki saboda cikakken tarihin filin, ingantaccen tsarin samarwa, da yuwuwar ƙarancin farashi idan aka kwatanta da sabbin kayan ci-gaba waɗanda zasu iya ba da ingantacciyar inganci a farashin girmar ƙira.

10. Tambayoyin da Ake Yawan Yi (FAQs)

Q: Me ake nufi da "LifecyclePhase: Revision 3"?

A: Yana nuna cewa wannan shine babban sigar uku na ƙayyadaddun fasaha na samfurin. Canje-canje daga sake dubawa na baya na iya haɗawa da ingantattun sigogi na aiki, sabbin hanyoyin gwaji, ko gyare-gyaren bayanan injini. Wannan shine cikakken ƙayyadaddun bayanai na wannan tsarar samfurin.

Q: Me ya sa aka jera "Expired Period" a matsayin "Forever"?

A: Wannan yana nuna cewa wannan sigar takardar ba ta da ranar da aka tsara don tsufa. Zai ci gaba da zama ingantaccen ƙayyadaddun bayanai na wannan sake dubawa na samfurin har abada, yana tabbatar wa masu ƙira da kwanciyar hankali na takardu na dogon lokaci.

Q: Yaya mahimmanci sarrafa zafi ga wannan kayan?

A: Yana da mahimmanci ga duk LED. Wuce matsakaicin zafin haɗin zai rage fitar da haske sosai (raguwar lumen), canza launi, da kuma rage tsawon lokacin aiki sosai. Ingantaccen mai sanyaya zafi ba shi da yuwuwar sasantawa don ingantaccen aiki.

Q: Shin zan iya turawa wannan LED da tushen ƙarfin lantarki akai-akai?

A: Ana ƙarfafa hana shi sosai. LED suna nuna alaƙar I-V mai yawa; ƙaramin canji a cikin ƙarfin lantarki yana haifar da babban canji a cikin ƙarfin lantarki, yana haifar da guduwar zafi da gazawar aiki. Mai turawa na ƙarfin lantarki akai-akai shine daidaitaccen hanyar da ake buƙata.

11. Misalin Amfani na Aiki

Yanayi: Ƙirar kayan hasken LED mai layi.Wani injiniya ya zaɓi wannan kayan bisa ga daidaiton launinsa (ƙananan rarraba), inganci, da ingantaccen amincin da aka tabbatar. Sun ƙera PCB na ƙarfe-core (MCPCB) don zama duka haɗin lantarki da mai sanyaya zafi. An shirya LED ɗin a cikin layukan jere, tare da lissafin jimillar ƙarfin lantarki na gaba na kowane layi ta amfani da Vf da aka rarraba don zaɓar mai turawa na ƙarfin lantarki akai-akai da ya dace. Ana gudanar da simintin zafi don tabbatar da cewa akwatin kayan yana kawar da isasshen zafi don kiyaye zafin haɗin LED a cikin iyakoki a ƙarƙashin mafi munin yanayin yanayi. Ƙirar da aka ƙare ta amfana da ingantattun ƙayyadaddun bayanai na kayan, yana tabbatar da daidaitaccen aiki a cikin raka'o'in samarwa.

12. Ka'idar Aiki

LED diode ne na semiconductor. Lokacin da aka shafa ƙarfin lantarki na gaba, electrons daga semiconductor na n-type da ramuka daga semiconductor na p-type ana shigar da su cikin yanki mai aiki. Lokacin da electrons da ramuka suka sake haɗuwa, ana sakin makamashi a cikin nau'in photons (haske). Tsawon raƙuman haske (launi) na hasken da ake fitarwa ana ƙaddara shi ta hanyar bandgap na makamashi na kayan semiconductor da aka yi amfani da su a cikin yanki mai aiki (misali, InGaN don shuɗi/kore, AlInGaP don ja/amber). LED ɗin fari yawanci ana ƙirƙira su ta hanyar lulluɓe ɗigon LED shuɗi da wani abu na phosphor wanda ke canza wasu hasken shuɗi zuwa tsayin raƙuman haske mafi tsayi (rawaya, ja), wanda ke haifar da hasken fari.

13. Trends na Ci Gaba

Gabaɗayan yanayin fasahar LED yana ci gaba zuwa ga mafi girman ingancin haske (ƙarin lumens a kowace watt), ingantaccen nuna launi, da mafi girman amincin aiki a farashi mai rahusa. Ƙananan ƙira da ƙaruwar ƙarfin wutar lantarki suma suna ci gaba. A cikin kunshin, akwai motsi zuwa ga ƙananan kunshin (CSP) da sabbin ƙira don ingantaccen cire haske da sarrafa zafi. Ga LED ɗin fari da aka canza phosphor, ci gaban yana mai da hankali kan sabbin kayan phosphor don mafi inganci, ingantaccen ingancin bakan, da ingantaccen kwanciyar hankali. Bugu da ƙari, haske mai hankali da haɗin kai, haɗa na'urori masu auna firikwensin da sarrafawa, yana zama mahimmanci, ko da yake wannan yanayin yana tasiri ƙirar tsarin fiye da ainihin kayan LED na asali.