Takardar Bayanin Fasaha na LED - Binciken Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon - Cikakkun Bayanai na Jakar Lantarki da Kunshin Akwati - Takardar Fasaha ta Turanci

1. Bayanin Samfur

Wannan takardar fasaha tana ba da cikakkun ƙayyadaddun bayanai game da kayan haske (LED). Babban abin da aka fi mayar da hankali a kai shi ne babban sigar haske, tsawon tsawon tsawon tsawon, da cikakkun buƙatun kunshin don tabbatar da sarrafawa da ajiya daidai. An tsara takardar don bautawa injiniyoyi, ƙwararrun sayayya, da ma'aikatan tabbatar da inganci waɗanda ke da hannu a haɗa wannan kayan cikin tarin na'urorin lantarki. An gabatar da bayanan a cikin tsarin da aka sarrafa bita, yana tabbatar da masu amfani suna komawa zuwa mafi ƙarancin bayanan fasaha na yanzu.

2. Sarrafa Takardu da Bayanin Tsarin Rayuwa

An gano takardar a matsayin Bita 4, yana nuna cewa ita ce sigar hukuma ta huɗu. Ranar saki na wannan bita an rubuta shi a ranar 10 ga Yuni, 2013, da 16:24:33. An yiwa matakin tsarin rayuwa alama a fili a matsayin "Bita," kuma an lura da lokacin da ya ƙare a matsayin "Har Abada," yana nuna cewa wannan sigar takardar tana nan har abada sai an maye gurbinsa da sabon bita. Wannan bayanin sarrafawa yana da mahimmanci don kiyaye bin diddigin kuma tabbatar da cewa duk masu ruwa da tsaki suna aiki daga ƙa'idodin da aka amince da su iri ɗaya.

3. Zurfin Binciken Sigogi na Fasaha

3.1 Halayen Haske da Na'urar Gani

Babban sigar haske da aka ƙayyade a cikin wannan takarda shine tsawon tsawon tsawon tsawon (λp). Tsawon tsawon tsawon tsawon shine takamaiman tsawon tsawon da LED ke fitar da mafi girman ƙarfin haske. Wannan sigar yana da mahimmanci wajen ayyana launin da ake gani na LED. Misali, tsawon tsawon tsawon tsawon kusan 450-470 nm yawanci yayi daidai da hasken shuɗi, 520-550 nm zuwa kore, da 620-660 nm zuwa ja. Daidai ƙimar λp wani muhimmin abu ne na ƙira don aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar takamaiman maki launi, kamar hasken baya na nuni, alamar alama, ko hasken yanayi. Haɗin kai ko rarraba da ke da alaƙa da wannan tsawon tsawon tsawon tsawon, yayin da ba a bayyana dalla-dalla a cikin abin da aka fitar ba, ƙayyadaddun ƙa'ida ne wanda zai ayyana yiwuwar bambanci daga ƙimar λp na al'ada, yana tabbatar da daidaiton launi a cikin batutuwan samarwa.

Sauran sigogin haske masu alaƙa, kamar ƙarfin haske, kusurwar kallo, da rabin faɗin bakan, suna da mahimmanci don cikakken bayanin aiki amma ba a jera su a cikin abubuwan da aka bayar ba. Masu ƙira dole ne su yi la'akari da tsawon tsawon tsawon tsawon tare da yanayin tuƙi na LED da zafin haɗin gwiwa, saboda waɗannan abubuwan na iya haifar da canji a cikin tsawon tsawon da aka fitar.

4. Ƙayyadaddun Kunshin da Sarrafawa

4.1 Tsarin Kunshin da Kayan Aiki

An ƙera tsarin kunshin na wannan kayan LED don samar da matakai da yawa na kariya daga fitar da lantarki (ESD), lalacewar injiniya, da gurɓatar muhalli. Matakan kunshin da aka ƙayyade sune:

• Jakar Lantarki:Babban akwati don ɗaiɗaikun kayan LED ko reels. An yi wannan jakar daga wani abu mai raguwa ko mai ɗaukar wutar lantarki wanda ke kare ƙwayar semiconductor mai hankali a cikin LED daga cajin lantarki wanda zai iya haifar da ɓarna ko lalacewa mai tsanani. Sarrafawa daidai yana buƙatar kafa kanku da wurin aiki kafin a buɗe jakar.
• Akwatin Ciki:Wannan akwatin yana riƙe da jakunkunan lantarki da yawa, yana ba da ƙarfi na tsari da ƙarin kariya daga girgiza jiki da matsi yayin sarrafawa da dabaru na cikin masana'anta.
• Akwatin Waje:Akwatin jigilar kaya na waje. An ƙera shi don jure wa ƙaƙƙarfan sufuri, gami da tara, girgiza, da yuwuwar tasiri. Yana kare kunshin ciki daga danshi da ƙura.

4.2 Adadin Kunshin

Takardar ta bayyana a fili "Adadin Kunshin" a matsayin mahimmin ƙayyadaddun bayanai. Wannan yana nufin adadin raka'o'in LED da ke cikin jakar lantarki guda ɗaya. Wannan adadi yana da mahimmanci don sarrafa kaya, tsarin samarwa (misali, saita injunan ɗauka da sanya), da lissafin farashi. Adadin kunshin na yau da kullun sun haɗa da reels (misali, 1000, 2000, 4000 guda a kowace reel) ko trays/ammo packs don manyan na'urori. Dole ne a tabbatar da takamaiman adadin daga cikakken takardar bayanai ko jerin kunshin.

5. Jagororin Solder da Haɗawa

Yayin da ba a bayyana takamaiman bayanan solder a cikin rubutun da aka bayar ba, ayyukan haɗa LED na Surface-Mount Device (SMD) na al'ada suna aiki. Ana haɗa waɗannan sassa ta hanyar amfani da sake narkar da solder. Shawarar da aka ba da shawarar ta haɗa da matakin preheat don ɗaga zafin jiki a hankali kuma kunna kwararar, yankin jiƙa don tabbatar da dumama iri ɗaya a kan allo, mafi girman zafin jiki na sake narkewa inda manna solder ke narkewa kuma ya samar da haɗin gwiwa, da kuma matakin sanyaya da aka sarrafa. Matsakaicin matsakaicin zafin jiki da lokacin da ya wuce ruwa (TAL) dole ne su kasance cikin iyakokin da aka ƙayyade na LED don hana lalacewa ga ruwan tabarau na filastik, ƙwayar semiconductor, ko haɗin gwiwar waya na ciki. Amfani da jakar lantarki kafin haɗawa yana jaddada wajibcin ayyukan ESD-safe a duk tsarin sarrafawa da solder.

6. Ajiya da Tsawon Rayuwa

An nuna yanayin ajiya daidai ta hanyar girmamawa akan kunshin lantarki. Yakamata a adana LED a cikin jakunkunan lantarki na asali, waɗanda ba a buɗe su ba, a cikin yanayi mai sarrafawa. Yanayin da aka ba da shawarar yawanci ya haɗa da kewayon zafin jiki na 5°C zuwa 30°C da ɗanɗano na dangi ƙasa da 60% don hana shan danshi, wanda zai iya haifar da "popcorning" (fashewar kunshin) yayin sake narkar da solder. Yakamata a ajiye jakunkunan nesa da hasken rana kai tsaye da tushen ozone ko wasu iskar gas masu lalata. Da zarar an buɗe jakar shinge na danshi, yakamata a yi amfani da abubuwan cikin takamaiman lokaci (misali, sa'o'i 168 a yanayin bene na masana'anta) ko a sake gasa su bisa ga umarnin masana'anta don cire danshin da aka sha.

7. Shawarwarin Aikace-aikace da La'akari da Ƙira

Babban aikace-aikacen LED wanda aka siffanta shi da tsawon tsawon tsawon tsawon yana cikin haskakawa da nuni. Dole ne masu ƙira su zaɓi λp bisa ga fitowar launin da ake so. Muhimman abubuwan da ake la'akari da su sun haɗa da:

• Yanayin Tuƙi:Aiki da LED a ko ƙasa da ƙimar sa yana da mahimmanci don tsawon rai da kwanciyar hankali na fitar da launi. Wucewa da ƙimar yanzu na iya haifar da zafi mai yawa, canjin tsawon tsawon tsawon tsawon, da saurin raguwar lumen.
• Gudanar da Thermal:LEDs suna samar da zafi a mahadar. Hanyar zafi mai inganci, sau da yawa ta hanyar allon da'ira (PCB) zuwa heatsink, yana da mahimmanci don kiyaye ƙaramin zafin mahadar. Manyan yanayin zafi na mahadar suna rage ingancin fitar da haske kuma suna iya canza tsawon tsawon tsawon tsawon har abada.
• Ƙirar Gani:Dole ne ruwan tabarau ko na'urorin gani na biyu da ake amfani da su tare da LED su dace da tsarin fitarwa da tsawon tsawon tsawon tsawon don cimma kusurwar katako da ingancin gani da ake so.

8. Lankwasa Ayyuka da Binciken Halaye

Ko da yake ba ya cikin abin da aka fitar, cikakken takardar bayanai za ta haɗa da wasu mahimman jadawali na ayyuka don cikakken bincike:

• Matsakaicin Ƙarfin Haske vs. Yanayin Gaba (I_F):Wannan lanƙwasa yana nuna yadda fitar da haske ke ƙaruwa tare da yanayin tuƙi, yawanci a cikin yanayin da ba na layi ba, yana nuna ma'anar raguwar dawowa da yuwuwar yin zafi.
• Ƙarfin Gaba vs. Yanayin Gaba (Lanƙwasa I-V):Mahimmanci don ƙira da'irar tuƙi (misali, zaɓin resistor mai iyakance yanzu ko direba mai ci gaba).
• Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon vs. Zafin Mahadar:Wannan jadawali yana ƙididdige canjin λp yayin da LED ke dumama, wanda yake da mahimmanci ga aikace-aikacen masu mahimmanci launi.
• Rarraba Ƙarfin Bakan:Wani tsari da ke nuna matsakaicin ƙarfin haske da aka fitar a kowane tsawon tsawon tsawon tsawon, yana ba da cikakken hoto fiye da kawai tsawon tsawon tsawon tsawon, gami da rabin faɗin bakan.

9. Bayanin Tsarin Rarraba (Binning)

Samar da LED yana haifar da bambance-bambance na halitta a cikin mahimman sigogi. Tsarin rarraba yana rarraba LED zuwa ƙungiyoyi (kwantena) bisa ga waɗannan sigogi don tabbatar da daidaito. Babban kwantena yawanci yana da alaƙa da:

• Kwandon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon/Zafin Launi:Yana rarraba LED ta hanyar tsawon tsawon tsawon tsawon (don LED masu launi ɗaya) ko daidaitaccen zafin launi (CCT) da daidaitattun maki (don fararen LED). Wannan yana tabbatar da kamannin launi iri ɗaya lokacin da ake amfani da LED da yawa tare.
• Kwandon Kwararar Haske:Yana rarraba LED ta hanyar jimillar fitar da haske a takamaiman gwajin yanzu. Wannan yana ba masu ƙira damar zaɓar kwantena waɗanda suka cika takamaiman buƙatun haske.
• Kwandon Ƙarfin Gaba:Yana rarraba LED ta hanyar faɗuwar wutar lantarki a cikinsu a takamaiman gwajin yanzu. Wannan na iya sauƙaƙa ƙirar wutar lantarki da inganta daidaitawar yanzu a cikin layuka masu layi.

10. Bayanin Injiniya da Kunshin

Zanen injiniya, wanda ba a haɗa shi a cikin rubutun da aka bayar ba, wani muhimmin sashi ne na takardar bayanai. Zai ba da daidaitattun ma'auni don kunshin LED, gami da tsayi, faɗi, tsayi, da girman da matsayin ƙafafun solder (tsarin ƙasa). Wannan zanen yana tabbatar da cewa an ƙera sawun PCB daidai don ingantaccen solder da daidaitawar daidai. Hakan za a nuna alamar polarity (yawanci alamar cathode, kamar tsaga, ɗigo, ko gajeriyar jagora) a fili don hana haɗawa baya yayin haɗawa.

11. Bayanin Oda da Lambar Samfur

Cikakken takardar bayanai za ta haɗa da raguwar lambar samfur ko lambar oda wanda ke ba masu amfani damar ƙayyade ainihin bambancin da suke buƙata. Wannan lambar yawanci tana ɓoye mahimman halaye kamar nau'in kunshin, launi (tsawon tsawon tsawon tsawon), kwandon kwararar haske, kwandon ƙarfin gaba, da wani lokacin adadin kunshin. Fahimtar wannan tsarin lamba yana da mahimmanci don ingantaccen sayayya.

12. Tambayoyin da ake yawan yi (FAQ)

Q: Me yasa tsawon tsawon tsawon tsawon yake da mahimmanci haka?

A: Tsawon tsawon tsawon tsawon yana ƙayyadaddun babban launin hasken da aka fitar. Don aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar takamaiman launi, kamar sigina na zirga-zirga ko tsarin haske mai gauraye launi, daidaitaccen sarrafa λp ba shi da sasantawa.

Q: Menene manufar jakar lantarki?

A: LED sun ƙunshi mahadar semiconductor masu hankali waɗanda za su iya lalacewa har abada ta hanyar fitar da wutar lantarki waɗanda mutane ba su iya gane su ba. Jakar lantarki tana ba da kejin Faraday, tana kare abubuwan daga abubuwan ESD na waje yayin ajiya da sufuri.

Q: Ta yaya yakamata in sarrafa LED bayan buɗe jakar lantarki?

A: Koyaushe ku yi aiki a wurin aiki mai kariya ta ESD tare da tabarma mai kasa da bande-gwiwa. Yi amfani da kayan aiki masu kasa. Idan ba a yi amfani da abubuwan nan nan da nan ba, yakamata a adana su a cikin akwati mai rufewa, mai kariya. Don kunshin masu hankali ga danshi, ku bi tsawon rayuwa bayan an buɗe jakar ko ku bi hanyoyin gasa idan ya wuce.

13. Ka'idojin Aiki

LED diode ne na semiconductor p-n junction. Lokacin da aka yi amfani da ƙarfin gaba, electrons daga yankin n-type da ramuka daga yankin p-type ana shigar da su cikin yankin haɗin gwiwa. Lokacin da waɗannan masu ɗaukar caji suka sake haɗuwa, ana sakin makamashi a cikin nau'in photons (haske). Takamaiman tsawon tsawon tsawon tsawon (launi) na wannan haske an ƙaddara shi ta hanyar ƙarfin bandgap na kayan semiconductor da aka yi amfani da su a cikin yankin aiki (misali, Indium Gallium Nitride don shuɗi/kore, Aluminum Gallium Indium Phosphide don ja/amber). Tsawon tsawon tsawon tsawon (λp) yayi daidai da mafi yuwuwar ƙarfin photon da aka fitar daga wannan tsarin sake haɗawa.

14. Trends na Fasaha

Masana'antar LED na ci gaba da haɓaka tare da wasu mahimman abubuwan da suka faru. Ingantaccen aiki, wanda aka auna a cikin lumens kowace watt (lm/W), yana ci gaba da ingantawa, yana rage amfani da makamashi don fitar da haske iri ɗaya. Akwai mai da hankali sosai kan inganta ma'anar nuna launi (CRI) da daidaiton launi (rage yaduwar kwandon) don ingantaccen hasken farin haske. Ƙananan kunshin yana ci gaba, yana ba da damar mafi girman yawan pixel a cikin nuni kai tsaye. Bugu da ƙari, haɗa fasali na hankali, kamar direbobi na ciki ko iyawar daidaita launi, yana zama gama gari. Ƙarfafa ƙarfi, kariya ta ESD, da kunshin da ba shi da danshi, kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin wannan takarda, ya kasance buƙatu na asali don tabbatar da dogaro a cikin sarrafa kansa, yawan samarwa.