LED Component Specification - Lifecycle Stage Revision 2 - Technical Documentation

1. Product Overview

Bu teknik belge, bir Işık Yayan Diyot (LED) bileşeninin kapsamlı özelliklerini ve kılavuzunu sağlar. Bu revizyonun temel amacı, yaşam döngüsü aşamasını ve ilgili yönetim verilerini belgelemektir. LED, elektrik enerjisini görünür ışığa dönüştüren bir yarı iletken cihazdır. Yüksek verimliliği, uzun ömrü ve kompakt boyutu nedeniyle, gösterge ışıkları, arka aydınlatma, genel aydınlatma ve otomotiv aydınlatması gibi çok çeşitli uygulamalarda yaygın olarak kullanılır.

Babban fa'idar wannan kayan aikin shine daidaitaccen sarrafa tsarin rayuwa, wanda ke tabbatar da daidaito da bin diddigin tsakanin nau'ikan samarwa. Wannan yana da mahimmanci ga masana'anta da masu ƙira waɗanda ke buƙatar kayan aikin su kasance masu dogaro da kuma iya hasashen aiki a cikin tsarin rayuwar samfur. Kasuwar da aka yi niyya ta haɗa da masana'antun kayan aikin masana'antu, masu samar da kayan lantarki na mabukaci, da kuma masu ba da mafita na hasken da suka fi kula da amincin kayan aiki da cikakken takardu.

2. Lifecycle and Revision Information

The provided PDF content shows that the lifecycle status remains consistent across multiple entries.

2.1 Lifecycle Stages

The lifecycle stage of this component is recorded asRevisionThis indicates that a formal change has been made to the product's design, specifications, or manufacturing process. The revision phase typically follows the initial release and involves updates that do not fundamentally alter the product's form, fit, or core function, but may include improvements in performance, materials, or documentation clarity.

2.2 Revision Number

Revision number designated as2. This numeric identifier is used to track the sequence of formal changes made to product documentation and/or the product itself. Revision 2 indicates that this is the second major document version since the initial release.

2.3 Release and Validity Details

The release date for this revision is recorded as2014-12-01 18:09:04.0. Validity period is marked asPermanentThis combination indicates that while this specific revision was released on a fixed date, the technical data and specification information contained within it have no planned obsolescence date for reference purposes. However, for actual manufacturing and procurement, the "permanent" status typically applies to the validity of the specification information, not the procurement availability of the component, which is governed by the manufacturer's product lifecycle policy.

3. Technical Parameters: In-depth Objective Interpretation

Although the provided PDF fragment is limited to administrative data, such standard LED datasheets typically contain the following technical sections. Below is a detailed, objective explanation of typical parameters.

3.1 Photometric Characteristics

Photometric parameters describe the light output characteristics perceived by the human eye.

• Luminous flux:Measured in lumens (lm), it represents the total amount of visible light emitted by a light source. A higher lumen value indicates a brighter light output. This parameter is often binned (grouped) into specific ranges during production.
• Luminous intensity:Measured in millicandelas (mcd), it describes the brightness of an LED in a specific direction. It depends on the viewing angle.
• Dominant Wavelength / Correlated Color Temperature (CCT):For colored LEDs, the dominant wavelength (in nanometers, nm) defines the perceived color (e.g., 630nm is red). For white LEDs, CCT (in Kelvin, K) defines the shade of white, such as 2700K (warm white) or 6500K (cool white).
• Color Rendering Index (CRI):For white LEDs, CRI (Ra) measures the light source's ability to accurately reproduce object colors compared to a natural light source. In applications where color accuracy is critical, a higher CRI (closer to 100) is better.
• Viewing Angle:The angle at which the luminous intensity is half of its value at 0 degrees (directly on-axis). A wider viewing angle (e.g., 120 degrees) provides more diffused light.

3.2 Electrical Parameters

These parameters define the operating conditions and electrical limitations of the LED.

• Forward Voltage (Vf):Voltage drop across an LED when it is conducting current. It varies with LED material (e.g., approximately 2V for red, 3.2V for blue/white) and is specified at a particular test current. This is a key parameter for driver design.
• Forward Current (If):The recommended continuous DC operating current, typically expressed in milliamperes (mA). Exceeding the maximum rated current can significantly shorten lifespan or cause immediate failure.
• Reverse Voltage (Vr):The maximum voltage that an LED can withstand without damage when connected in reverse bias. The reverse voltage rating of an LED is typically very low (often 5V).
• Power Dissipation:The electrical power converted into heat and light, calculated by the formula Vf * If. Effective thermal management is required to dissipate this heat.

3.3 Thermal Characteristics

LED performance and lifespan are highly sensitive to temperature.

• Junction Temperature (Tj):The temperature at the p-n junction of a semiconductor chip. The maximum allowable junction temperature is a critical limit; exceeding this temperature leads to rapid performance degradation.
• Thermal Resistance (Rth j-s or Rth j-a):Measured in degrees Celsius per watt (°C/W), it indicates the efficiency of heat transfer from the junction to a reference point (solder point or ambient air). A lower value means better heat dissipation.
• Operating Temperature Range:The ambient temperature range within which the LED is specified to operate reliably.
• Storage Temperature Range:Temperature range for safe storage when the device is not powered on.

4. Grading System Description

Due to inherent variations in semiconductor manufacturing, LEDs need to be sorted (binned) after production to ensure consistency.

4.1 Wavelength/Color Temperature Binning

LEDs are grouped into tight wavelength or CCT ranges (e.g., 450-455nm, 5000K-5300K). This ensures color uniformity within a batch, which is critical for applications using multiple LEDs side-by-side.

4.2 Luminous Flux Binning

LEDs are sorted into different luminous flux bins based on their measured light output (e.g., 100-105 lm, 105-110 lm). This allows designers to select a brightness level suitable for their application and cost targets.

4.3 Forward Voltage Binning

Sorting by forward voltage (e.g., 3.0-3.2V, 3.2-3.4V) helps design efficient drive circuits, especially when multiple LEDs are connected in series, as it minimizes current imbalance.

5. Performance Curve Analysis

Graphical data provides deeper insight into LED behavior under different conditions.

5.1 Current-Voltage (I-V) Characteristic Curve

This curve shows the nonlinear relationship between forward current and forward voltage. It demonstrates the threshold voltage required to turn on the LED and how Vf increases with current. This curve is crucial for selecting current-limiting resistors or designing constant-current drivers.

5.2 Temperature Characteristics

Graphs typically show how luminous flux and forward voltage change with increasing junction temperature. Luminous flux usually decreases with rising temperature (thermal quenching), while Vf decreases slightly. These graphs are crucial for predicting performance in real-world, non-ideal thermal environments.

5.3 Spectral Power Distribution (SPD)

For white LEDs, the SPD chart shows the relative intensity of light across the entire visible spectrum. It reveals the peak of the blue pump LED and the broad phosphor emission, aiding in the intuitive understanding of CCT and CRI characteristics.

6. Mechanical and Packaging Information

Physical specifications ensure correct integration into the final product.

6.1 Outline Dimension Drawing

Detailed diagrams show the precise dimensions of the LED, including length, width, height, and any lens curvature. Essential for PCB pad design and ensuring mechanical clearance.

6.2 Pad Layout Design

The recommended copper pad pattern on the PCB for soldering. Includes pad size, shape, and spacing to ensure reliable solder joints, proper heat dissipation, and prevent tombstoning during reflow soldering.

6.3 Polarity Identification

Clearly mark the anode (+) and cathode (-) terminals. This is typically indicated by a notch, a cut corner, a longer lead (for through-hole devices), or a marked pad on the device body. Incorrect polarity will prevent the LED from lighting up.

7. Welding and Assembly Guide

7.1 Reflow Soldering Temperature Profile

Specify a time-temperature diagram of the recommended reflow soldering profile, including preheating, soaking, peak reflow temperature, and cooling rate. Adhering to this profile (typically with a peak temperature around 260°C for several seconds) is crucial to avoid thermal damage to the LED package or internal chip.

7.2 Precautions and Operating Specifications

• ESD (Electrostatic Discharge) Sensitivity: LED na-abụkarị ihe na-emetụta ESD, a ga-eme usoro mgbochi kwesịrị ekwesị (ọdụ ọrụ ala, eriri aka) maka ịrụ ọrụ.
• Zere nrụgide akụrụngwa: Etinyela nrụgide na lens.
• Cleaning: If post-weld cleaning is required, use a compatible solvent.

7.3 Storage Conditions

在规定的温度范围内，储存于干燥、惰性环境中（通常为<40°C及<60%相对湿度）。对于湿敏器件，如果包装已打开并暴露在超过其车间寿命的环境湿度中，则可能需要在用前进行烘烤。

8. Packaging and Ordering Information

8.1 Packaging Specifications

Details regarding LED supply method: Reel type (e.g., 12mm, 16mm), carrier tape width, pocket pitch, and quantity per reel (e.g., 2000 pieces). This information is required for automatic placement machine programming.

8.2 Labeling and Traceability

Information on the reel label, including part number, quantity, date code, lot number, and bin code. This ensures traceability back to the manufacturing batch.

8.3 Model Number Coding Rules

An explanation of the part number structure, which typically encodes key attributes such as package size, color, luminous flux bin, voltage bin, and color temperature. Understanding this rule aids in precise ordering.

9. Application Suggestions

9.1 Typical Application Scenarios

• General Lighting:Bulbs, tubes, panels. Require high luminous flux, good CRI, and appropriate CCT.
• Backlight:LCD screens for televisions, monitors, and signage. Uniform brightness and color are required.
• Automotive Lighting:Interior lights, Daytime Running Lights (DRL), brake lights. High reliability and specific color standards are required.
• Indicator Lights:On/Off status indication on consumer electronics and appliances. Low luminous flux requirement.

9.2 Key Design Considerations

• Thermal Management:The most critical factor affecting lifespan. Use sufficient PCB copper foil area (thermal pads), consider metal core PCBs (MCPCB) for high-power applications, and ensure good air circulation.
• Drive Circuit:Use a constant current driver to achieve stable light output and prevent thermal runaway. Never connect an LED directly to a voltage source without current limiting.
• Optical Design:Consider secondary optical elements (lenses, diffusers) to achieve the desired beam distribution and appearance.

10. Technical Comparison and Differentiation

When comparing with similar LED components, key differentiating factors based on typical datasheets may include:

• Higher luminous efficacy (lm/W):Provides more light per unit of electrical power, thereby achieving energy savings.
• Better color consistency (stricter binning):Reduce color variation between production batches, thereby achieving better aesthetic quality in multi-LED luminaires.
• Lower thermal resistance:By allowing heat to dissipate more efficiently from the junction, enabling higher drive currents or longer lifespan.
• Enhanced reliability data:Based on extensive LM-80 test reports or longer L70/B50 lifetime predictions, providing confidence for long-term applications.

11. Frequently Asked Questions (Based on Technical Parameters)

1. Q: Why is my LED dimmer than expected?A: Possible reasons include: operating current below the recommended value, excessive junction temperature (poor heat dissipation), or the use of an LED from a lower flux bin than specified in the design.
2. Q: Can I power the LED directly with a 3.3V power supply?A: No. A series resistor or constant current driver must be used to limit the current. Forward voltage is a characteristic parameter, not a rating. Applying 3.3V directly to a 3.2V LED may cause excessive current to flow, damaging it.
3. Q: What does "Permanent" validity mean in the datasheet?A: It means the information in this revision of the document is considered permanently valid for reference. It does not guarantee the component will be available for purchase indefinitely; this is determined by the manufacturer's End-of-Life (EOL) notice.
4. Q: How to interpret the revision number?A: Revision 2 indicates that this is the second official version of the document. Changes compared to Revision 1 may include: correcting typos, updating test methods, or refining specification limits. Design work should always use the latest revision.

12. Practical Application Cases

12.1 Design Case: Desk Lamp

设计师设计一款建筑师用台灯，要求高显色指数（Ra >90）以实现准确的色彩还原，暖白色温（3000K）以获得视觉舒适度，以及紧凑的外形。他们选择了一款具有合适光通量档位的中功率LED。设计挑战在于小型外壳内的热管理。解决方案包括在灯臂中集成铝制散热器，并将恒流驱动器设置为LED最大电流的80%，以延长寿命并减少热负荷，同时仍满足光通量输出目标。

12.2 Manufacturing Case: Panel Light Production

The factory assembles LED panel lights. To ensure color uniformity across the entire panel, all LEDs procured for a single production batch come from the same wavelength and luminous flux bin codes specified in the datasheet binning table. During assembly, they precisely follow the recommended reflow soldering temperature profile to avoid thermal stress. They also implement automated optical testing to verify the luminous flux and chromaticity coordinates of each finished panel against expected values derived from the datasheet specifications.

13. Introduction to Working Principles

LED wani na'urar semiconductor ce mai ƙarfi. Tsarin tsakiyarta shine haɗin p-n da aka yi da kayan semiconductor na mahadi (kamar gallium nitride don LED mai shuɗi/fari). Lokacin da aka yi amfani da ƙarfin lantarki mai kyau, electrons daga yankin n-type da ramuka daga yankin p-type ana shigar da su cikin yankin haɗin. Lokacin da electron ya haɗu da rami, yana faɗuwa zuwa matakin ƙarancin makamashi, yana sakin makamashi a cikin nau'in photon (haske). Tsawon hasken da aka fitar (launi) yana ƙayyade ta hanyar tazarar band na kayan semiconductor. Ana yin LED fari yawanci ta hanyar shafa phosphor rawaya akan guntu LED shuɗi; ana canza wasu hasken shuɗi zuwa hasken rawaya, kuma gaurayawan hasken shuɗi da rawaya yana fahimtar idon mutum a matsayin fari.

14. Technical Trends and Development

Masana'antar LED tana ci gaba da bunkasa, tana nuna wasu bayyanannun halaye na zahiri:

• Efficiency improvement:Ongoing research aims to enhance internal quantum efficiency (IQE) and light extraction efficiency, driving higher luminous efficacy and reducing energy consumption at the same light output.
• Color quality improvement:Kukosa mifumo mipya ya poda ya mwanga na mchanganyiko wa LED wenye rangi nyingi (mfano, RGB, zambarau + poda ya mwanga), ili kufikia thamani kubwa zaidi ya CRI na rangi zilizojaa zaidi, kukidhi mahitaji ya matumizi ya kitaalamu.
• Kufanya Vidogo na Kuunganishwa:Kukosa ukubwa mdogo zaidi wa ufungashaji (mfano, Micro-LED) na ufungashaji wa kiwango cha chip (CSP), kwa matumizi ya maonyesho madogo sana, teknolojia ya kuvaliwa, na matumizi mengine yaliyojikaza sana na yenye msongamano mkubwa.
• Intelligent and Connected Lighting:Integrating control electronics and communication protocols (such as DALI or Zigbee) directly into LED modules enables intelligent lighting systems for IoT applications.
• Reliability and Lifetime Modeling:Use more complex testing and modeling to predict lumen maintenance and failure rates under various stress conditions, providing more accurate lifetime data for critical applications.