Bayanin Kayan LED - Sake Dubawa 1 - Ranar Saki 2014-11-27 - Takardun Fasaha na Hausa

1. Bayyana Samfurin

Wannan takardar fasaha tana ba da cikakkun ƙayyadaddun bayanai da jagororin aikace-aikace na kayan haske mai fitar da haske (LED). Babban abin da aka fi mayar da hankali a cikin wannan takardar bayanai shine matsayin rayuwar samfurin da aka kafa, yana nuna cewa yana cikin matakin sake dubawa mai ƙarfi. Babban fa'idar wannan kayan shine ƙirar sa mai girma kuma abin dogaro, wanda aka yi masa cikakken tabbaci da gwaji. An yi niyya ne don aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar aiki mai daidaito, samuwa na dogon lokaci, da ingantaccen abin dogaro a cikin yanayi daban-daban na haske da nuni.

2. Bayanan Rayuwa da Sake Dubawa

Bayanan da aka bayar sun nuna daidaitaccen matsayin rayuwa na wannan kayan. AnMatakin Rayuwarubuta shi azamanSake Dubawa, tare da lambar sake dubawa1. Wannan yana nuna cewa ƙirar samfurin tana da ƙarfi kuma an sake ta a hukumance bayan fara haɓakawa da kowane gyara da ake buƙata.Lokacin da ya ƙarean lura da shi azamanHar Abada, wanda yawanci yana nufin samfurin ba shi da ranar ƙarshen rayuwa (EOL) da aka tsara kuma an yi niyya don ci gaba da samarwa, ko kuma cewa takamaiman takardun sake dubawa na wannan sun kasance masu inganci har abada.Ranar Sakina wannan sake dubawa ita ce2014-11-27 19:34:44.0. Wannan alamar lokaci tana nuna fitar da wannan sake dubawa na bayanan fasaha a hukumance.

3. Zurfin Fassarar Maƙasudin Sigogi na Fasaha

Duk da cewa ba a bayar da takamaiman ƙimar lambobi don sigogin hoto, lantarki, da zafin jiki a cikin ɓangaren da aka zayyano, an gabatar da cikakken bincike bisa ga halayen LED na yau da kullun don kayan da ke da matsayin rayuwa mai ƙarfi na sake dubawa.

3.1 Halayen Hoto

Matsakaicin sigogi na hoto na irin waɗannan kayan sun haɗa da tsayin raƙuman ruwa ko zafin launi mai alaƙa (CCT), ƙarfin haske (a cikin lumens), da ƙarfin haske (a cikin candelas). Aikin yana siffanta shi ta hanyar rarraba ƙarfin bakan. Ga samfur mai girma, waɗannan sigogi suna nuna ƙaramin bambanci daga rukuni zuwa rukuni saboda ingantattun hanyoyin masana'antu.

3.2 Sigogi na Lantarki

Mahimman ƙayyadaddun bayanai na lantarki sun haɗa da ƙarfin lantarki na gaba (Vf) a wani gwajin da aka ba da shi, matsakaicin ci gaba na gaba na yanzu (If), da ƙarfin lantarki na baya (Vr). Juriyar motsi kuma muhimmin ma'auni ne don ƙirar da'ira. Sake dubawa mai ƙarfi yana nuna ingantaccen aikin lantarki mai daidaito a duk sassan samarwa.

3.3 Halayen Zafi

Gudanar da zafi yana da mahimmanci ga aikin LED da tsawon rayuwa. Muhimman sigogi sun haɗa da juriya na zafi daga haɗin gwiwa zuwa wurin solder (Rth_j-sp) da matsakaicin zafin haɗin gwiwa (Tj_max). Takardar bayanai za ta ba da lanƙwasa rage ƙarfi don ƙarfin lantarki na gaba dangane da yanayin yanayi.

4. Bayanin Tsarin Rarraba

Samfurin LED mai girma yawanci yana amfani da cikakken tsarin rarraba don tabbatar da daidaiton launi da aiki.

4.1 Rarraba Tsawon Raƙuman Ruwa/Zafin Launi

Ana rarraba LED ɗin zuwa kwandon ari bisa ga tsayin raƙuman ruwa (don LED ɗin launi ɗaya) ko kuma daidaitaccen zafin launi da Duv (don fararen LED). Wannan yana tabbatar da cewa duk LED ɗin daga kwandon ari ɗaya za su yi kama da juna a cikin launi.

4.2 Rarraba Ƙarfin Hasken Hasken

Hakanan ana rarraba kayan bisa ga fitar da haskensu a yanayin gwaji na yau da kullun. Wannan yana ba masu ƙira damar zaɓar sassa waɗanda suka cika takamaiman buƙatun haske tare da garantin mafi ƙarancin.

4.3 Rarraba Ƙarfin Lantarki na Gaba

Rarraba ta hanyar ƙarfin lantarki na gaba (Vf) yana taimakawa wajen ƙirar da'irori masu inganci kuma yana iya zama mahimmanci ga aikace-aikacen da aka haɗa LED ɗin da yawa a jere, yana tabbatar da mafi daidaiton rarraba halin yanzu.

5. Binciken Lanƙwasa Aiki

Cikakkun lanƙwasa aiki suna da mahimmanci don fahimtar halayen kayan a ƙarƙashin yanayi daban-daban na aiki.

5.1 Lanƙwasa Halayen Halin Yanzu-Ƙarfin Lantarki (I-V)

Lanƙwasa I-V tana kwatanta alaƙar da ke tsakanin ƙarfin lantarki na gaba da halin yanzu na gaba. Ba shi da layi, yana nuna ƙarfin lantarki na kunna da yanki na aiki inda ƙananan canje-canje a cikin ƙarfin lantarki ke haifar da manyan canje-canje a cikin halin yanzu, yana buƙatar tuƙi na yau da kullun.

5.2 Dogaro da Zafin Jiki

Lanƙwasa da ke nuna bambancin ƙarfin lantarki na gaba da ƙarfin haske tare da zafin haɗin gwiwa suna da mahimmanci. Yawanci, ƙarfin lantarki na gaba yana raguwa tare da ƙara zafin jiki, yayin da ƙarfin haske kuma yana raguwa yayin da zafin jiki ya tashi.

5.3 Rarraba Bakan

Jadawalin rarraba ƙarfin bakan yana nuna ƙarfin haske mai alaƙa da aka fitar a kowane tsayin raƙuman ruwa. Ga fararen LED, wannan yana bayyana kololuwar famfo mai shuɗi da mafi faɗin bakan da aka canza da phosphor; cakuda shuɗi da rawaya yana bayyana fari ga idon ɗan adam.

6. Bayanin Injiniya da Kunshin

Girman jiki da ƙirar kunshin suna tabbatar da dacewa da aiki akan allon da'ira da aka buga (PCB).

6.1 Zanen Tsarin Girma

Cikakken zane tare da ra'ayoyin sama, gefe, da ƙasa yana ba da duk mahimman girma: tsayi, faɗi, tsayi, da kowane rangwame. Wannan yana da mahimmanci don ƙirar sawun PCB da binciken sharewa.

6.2 Ƙirar Tsarin Kafet ɗin

An ƙayyade shahararriyar ƙirar ƙasa ta PCB (lissafin kafet ɗin da girman) don tabbatar da ingantaccen solder, ingantaccen zubar da zafi, da kwanciyar hankali na injiniya.

3.3 Gano Polarity

An nuna bayyanannun alamomi don anode da cathode, yawanci ta hanyar tsaga, ɗigo, yanki da aka yanke, ko tsayin jagororin daban-daban. Daidaitaccen polarity yana da mahimmanci ga aikin na'urar.

7. Jagororin Solder da Haɗawa

Daidaitaccen sarrafawa da haɗawa suna da mahimmanci ga abin dogaro.

7.1 Sigogi na Solder na Reflow

An ba da shahararriyar bayanin martaba na reflow, gami da dumama, jiƙa, kololuwar zafin jiki na reflow, da ƙimar sanyaya. An ƙayyade matsakaicin zafin jiki yayin solder don hana lalata kunshin LED da kayan ciki.

7.2 Kariya da Sarrafawa

Jagororin sun haɗa da kariya daga fitar da wutar lantarki (ESD), guje wa matsin lamba na injiniya akan ruwan tabarau, da shawarwari game da tsaftacewa tare da wasu kaushi waɗanda zasu iya lalata ruwan tabarau na silicone ko epoxy.

7.3 Yanayin Ajiya

An ƙayyade mafi kyawun yanayin ajiya (kewayon zafin jiki da ɗanɗano) don hana sha ruwa (wanda zai iya haifar da "popcorning" yayin reflow) da sauran nau'ikan lalacewa kafin amfani.

8. Bayanin Kunshin da Oda

Bayanai kan yadda ake samar da samfurin da kuma yadda ake yin oda na takamaiman bambance-bambance.

8.1 Ƙayyadaddun Kunshin

Ana samar da kayan a cikin kunshin daidai gwargwado na masana'antu, kamar tef da reel, wanda ya dace da injunan zaɓi da wuri na atomatik. An yi cikakken bayani game da girman reel, faɗin tef, tazarar aljihu, da kuma yanayin kayan.

8.2 Bayanin Alamar

Alamar da ke kan reel ko akwati ta haɗa da lambar sashi, adadi, lambar kuri'a, lambar kwanan wata, da bayanan rarraba don bin diddigin.

8.3 Tsarin Lambar Sashi

Yarjejeniyar sunan samfurin tana warware mahimman halaye kamar launi, kwandon haske, kwandon ƙarfin lantarki, nau'in kunshin, da fasali na musamman, yana ba da damar zaɓi daidai.

9. Shawarwarin Aikace-aikace

9.1 Yanayin Aikace-aikace na Yau da Kullun

Wannan LED ya dace da aikace-aikace iri-iri ciki har da hasken baya na kayan lantarki na mabukaci, hasken gine-gine, hasken ciki na mota, alamomin matsayi a cikin kayan aikin masana'antu, da kuma haske gabaɗaya a cikin ƙananan kayan aiki.

9.2 Abubuwan Ƙira

Mahimman abubuwan ƙira sun haɗa da amfani da direban LED na yau da kullun, aiwatar da isasshen sarrafa zafi (yankin tagulla na PCB, sanyaya zafi), tabbatar da ƙirar gani (ruwan tabarau, masu watsawa) ya dace da kusurwar kallon LED, da kariya daga ƙarfin lantarki na wucin gadi da polarity na baya.

10. Kwatancen Fasaha

A matsayin samfuri a cikin Sake Dubawa 1 tun 2014, babban bambancinsa shine a cikin ingantaccen abin dogaro na filin da aka tabbatar da shi da kuma tsarin samar da kayayyaki mai ƙarfi. Idan aka kwatanta da sabbin LED na zamani, yana iya ba da ɗan ƙaramin tasiri (lumens a kowace watt) ko ma'aunin launi (CRI). Duk da haka, fa'idodinsa sun haɗa da aikin da ake iya hasashen, ɗimbin tarihin aikace-aikace, ingantaccen bayanin cancanta, da ƙarancin haɗarin canje-canjen ƙira ko lalacewar farko, yana mai da shi cikakke ga samfuran da ke da tsawon rayuwa ko buƙatar ƙoƙarin sake cancanta kaɗan.

11. Tambayoyin da ake yawan yi (FAQ)

Q: Me ke nufin "Matakin Rayuwa: Sake Dubawa"?

A: Yana nuna ƙirar samfurin tana da ƙarfi kuma an sake ta don samarwa. Sake Dubawa 1 shine farkon saki na hukuma bayan kowane maimaitawar ƙira na farko.

Q: Lokacin da ya ƙare shine "Har Abada". Shin wannan yana nufin ba za a taɓa dakatar da samfurin ba?

A: Ba lallai ba ne. Sau da yawa yana nufin wannan takamaiman sake dubawa na takardun ba shi da ƙarewa, ko kuma samfurin ba shi da ranar ƙarshen rayuwa da aka sanar da ita a baya. Koyaushe ku duba sanarwar canjin samfurin hukuma (PCNs) daga masana'anta don sabon matsayi.

Q: Ranar saki ita ce 2014. Shin wannan samfurin ya tsufa?

A: Ba lallai ba ne. Yawancin kayan lantarki suna ci gaba da samarwa shekaru da yawa, musamman idan suna hidima ga kasuwanni da aka kafa. Ranar saki na 2014 yana nuna girma da cikakken tabbaci na duniya.

Q: Ta yaya zan zaɓi daidai kwandon ari don aikace-aikacena?

A: Zaɓi kwandon ari na tsawon raƙuman ruwa/CCT bisa ga buƙatun daidaiton launi. Zaɓi kwandon ari na ƙarfin haske don cika mafi ƙarancin manufar haske. Yi la'akari da rarraba ƙarfin lantarki idan kuna ƙira dogayen sarkar jerin don daidaitaccen halin yanzu.

12. Amfani na Aiki

Nazarin Shari'a 1: Alamomin Panel ɗin Sarrafa Masana'antu:Masana'antar sarrafa masana'antu ta amfani da wannan LED don alamomin matsayi (Wutar Lantarki, Gudu, Kuskure). Sake dubawa mai ƙarfi yana tabbatar da cewa raka'o'in da aka samar shekaru da suka wuce suna da launuka iri ɗaya na alama da haske, suna kiyaye kamannin samfurin daidai. Ingantaccen abin dogaro da aka tabbatar yana da mahimmanci ga kayan aikin da ake tsammanin za su yi aiki ci gaba shekaru.

Nazarin Shari'a 2: Gyaran Kunshin Hasken:Wani kamfani da ke samar da kayan aikin LED don gyara troffers na fluorescent ya zaɓi wannan kayan. Tsarin samar da kayayyaki mai girma da ƙayyadaddun bayanai suna ba su damar cancanta kunshin sau ɗaya kuma su samo kayan aiki na shekaru da yawa ba tare da sake ƙira ba, suna rage farashin tallafi na dogon lokaci.

13. Ka'idar Aiki

Diode mai fitar da haske shine semiconductor p-n haɗin gwiwar diode. Lokacin da aka yi amfani da ƙarfin lantarki na gaba, electrons daga yankin n-type da ramuka daga yankin p-type ana shigar da su cikin yankin haɗin gwiwa. Lokacin da waɗannan masu ɗaukar caji suka sake haɗuwa, ana sakin makamashi a cikin nau'in photons (haske). Tsayin raƙuman ruwa (launi) na hasken da aka fitar yana ƙaddara ta hanyar ƙarfin bandgap na kayan semiconductor da aka yi amfani da su (misali, InGaN don shuɗi/kore, AlInGaP don ja/amber). Ana yin fararen LED yawanci ta hanyar lulluɓe ɗigon LED shuɗi tare da wani abu na phosphor wanda ke ɗaukar wasu shuɗin haske kuma ya sake fitar da shi azaman mafi faɗin bakan rawaya; cakuda shuɗi da rawaya yana bayyana fari ga idon ɗan adam.

14. Trends na Fasaha

Gabaɗayan yanayin fasahar LED yana ci gaba zuwa ga mafi girman tasirin haske (ƙarin lumens a kowace watt), ingantaccen launi (mafi girman ƙimar CRI da R9), da mafi girman abin dogaro a manyan yanayin aiki. Hakanan akwai yunƙurin ƙananan ƙira (ƙananan fakitin) da ƙara yawan ƙarfin wutar lantarki. Ga matsakaicin ƙarfin LED kamar wanda wannan takardar bayanai ta nuna, abubuwan da suka faru sun haɗa da karɓar sabbin fasahohin phosphor don mafi kyawun daidaiton launi da kwanciyar hankali, da haɓaka fakitin tare da ƙananan juriya na zafi don ba da damar mafi girman halin yanzu na tuƙi. Matsi zuwa ga hasken da ya dace da ɗan adam, tare da daidaitaccen farin bakan, shima yana rinjayar haɓaka samfurin. Duk da haka, samfuran masu girma kamar wannan suna ci gaba da hidima ga aikace-aikacen inda sabbin ma'auni na aiki suka kasance na biyu ga ingancin farashi, kwanciyar hankali na wadata, da gadon ƙira.