Bayanin Kayan LED - Sake Dubawa 1 - Bayanin Tsarin Rayuwa - Takardar Fasaha ta Turanci

1. Bayyani Game da Samfur

Wannan takardar bayanan fasaha tana ba da cikakken bayani game da kayan LED, tare da mai da hankali kan sarrafa tsarin rayuwarsa da sarrafa sake dubawa. An tsara takardar ne don ba wa injiniyoyi da ƙwararrun sayayya bayanai masu bayyanawa da za a iya aiwatarwa don haɗawa da yanke shawara kan saye. Babban fa'idar wannan kayan shine a cikin tsarin rayuwarsa da aka rubuta kuma aka sarrafa, wanda ke tabbatar da daidaito da amincin ayyukan dogon lokaci. An yi niyya ne ga aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar kayan aiki masu ƙarfi, waɗanda aka rubuta bayanansu a fannoni kamar hasken masana'antu, na'urorin lantarki na mabukaci, da tsarin ƙaramin mota inda bin diddigin bayanai da sarrafa sigar ke da muhimmanci.

2. Bayanin Tsarin Rayuwa da Sake Dubawa

Abubuwan da aka bayar a cikin PDF suna kan matsayin tsarin rayuwar kayan. Babban bayanin da aka maimaita a ko'ina shine sanarwar Matakin Tsarin Rayuwa a matsayin "Sake Dubawa: 1". Wannan yana nuna cewa kayan yana cikin yanayin sake dubawa na aiki, musamman babban sake dubawa na farko na takardunsa ko ƙayyadaddun bayanai. "Lokacin da ya ƙare" an jera shi a matsayin "Har Abada," wanda yawanci yana nuna cewa wannan sake dubawa na takardar bayanai ba shi da tsarin ranar ƙarewa kuma yana aiki har abada sai dai idan an maye gurbinsa da sabon sake dubawa. "Ranar Saki" a koyaushe ana lura da ita a matsayin "2014-05-28 16:43:29.0," yana ba da takamaiman alamar lokaci na lokacin da aka fitar da wannan takamaiman sake dubawa (Sake Dubawa 1) a hukumance. Wannan tsarin tsarin sigar yana da mahimmanci don ingancin sarrafawa da kuma guje wa saɓani a cikin masana'antu ko ƙira.

3. Ma'auni na Fasaha: Fassarar Manufa

Duk da yake guntun rubutun da aka bayar bai lissafa takamaiman ma'auni na haske, lantarki, ko zafi ba, cikakkiyar takardar bayanai don kayan LED yawanci za ta haɗa da sassan da ke ƙasa tare da cikakkun bayanai na haƙiƙa.

3.1 Halayen Haske (Photometric)

Wannan sashe zai ƙunshi ƙimar cikakkiya da bayanan aiki na al'ada don fitar da haske. Manyan ma'auni sun haɗa da tsayin raɗin haske ko zazzabin launi mai alaƙa (CCT), wanda ke ayyana launin hasken da aka fitar. Ƙarfin haske (Luminous flux), wanda aka auna a cikin lumens (lm), yana nuna jimillar ƙarfin haske da ake gani. Ƙarfin haske (Luminous intensity), wanda aka bayar sau da yawa a cikin millicandelas (mcd) a takamaiman kusurwar kallo, yana bayyana rarraba haske a sarari. Ma'auni na launi (misali, CIE x, y) suna ba da takamaiman ma'anar launi ta lambobi akan zanen sararin launi na daidaitaccen. Duk ƙimomin ya kamata a gabatar da su tare da bayyanannun yanayin gwaji (wutar lantarki ta gaba, zafin haɗin gwiwa).

3.2 Ma'auni na Lantarki

Wannan sashe yana cikakken bayani game da halayen lantarki na LED. Ƙarfin lantarki na gaba (Vf) ma'auni ne mai mahimmanci, yana ƙayyadadden raguwar ƙarfin lantarki a kan LED a wani takamaiman gwajin wutar lantarki. Yana da mahimmanci don ƙirar direba da zaɓin wutar lantarki. Ƙarfin lantarki na baya (Vr) yana nuna matsakaicin ƙarfin lantarki da LED zai iya jurewa a cikin hanyar da ba ta wucewa ba tare da lalacewa ba. Matsakaicin ƙimar cikakkiya don wutar lantarki ta gaba (If) da wutar lantarki ta gaba mai bugun jini suna ayyana iyakokin aiki don hana gazawar bala'i. Hakan za a bayyana halayen wutar lantarki da ƙarfin lantarki na al'ada (I-V) a nan.

3.3 Halayen Zafi (Thermal)

Aikin LED da tsawon rayuwarsa suna da tasiri sosai ta hanyar zafin jiki. Manyan ma'auni na zafi sun haɗa da juriyar zafi daga haɗin gwiwa zuwa yanayi (RθJA), wanda ke ƙididdige yadda ake kawar da zafi yadda ya kamata daga haɗin gwiwar semiconductor zuwa muhallin da ke kewaye. Ƙimar ƙasa tana nuna ingantaccen aikin zafi. Matsakaicin zafin haɗin gwiwa (Tj max) shine mafi girman zafin jiki da guntun LED zai iya jurewa lafiya. Yankunan aiki da ajiyar zafin jiki suna ayyana iyakokin muhalli don na'urar. Ingantaccen nutsewar zafi yana da mahimmanci don kiyaye Tj a cikin iyakokin aminci, yana tabbatar da ƙimar fitar da haske da dogon rayuwar aiki.

4. Bayanin Tsarin Rarraba (Binning)

Masana'antar LED tana samar da bambance-bambance na halitta. Tsarin rarraba yana rarraba abubuwan da suka dogara da manyan ma'auni don tabbatar da daidaito a cikin samfuran ƙarshe.

4.1 Rarraba Tsawon Raɗin Haske/Zazzabin Launi

Ana rarraba LED ɗin zuwa kwandon shara bisa ga tsayin raɗin haske (don LED ɗin launi ɗaya) ko zazzabin launi mai alaƙa (don fararen LED). Wannan yana tabbatar da cewa duk LED ɗin da aka yi amfani da su a cikin kayan aiki ɗaya ko samfura suna da fitar da launi iri ɗaya, yana hana rashin daidaiton launi da ake iya gani. Ana ayyana kwandon shara ta ƙananan kewayon akan zanen launi na CIE.

4.2 Rarraba Ƙarfin Haske (Luminous Flux)

Hakanan ana rarraba abubuwan da suka dogara da fitar da haske (ƙarfin haske) a daidaitaccen gwajin wutar lantarki. Wannan yana ba masu ƙira damar zaɓar LED ɗin da suka dace da takamaiman buƙatun haske da kuma kiyaye matakan haske iri ɗaya a cikin jeri.

4.3 Rarraba Ƙarfin Lantarki na Gaba (Forward Voltage)

Rarraba ta hanyar ƙarfin lantarki na gaba (Vf) yana taimakawa wajen ƙirar da'irori masu inganci. Yin amfani da LED ɗin daga kwandon shara ɗaya ko makamancinsa na Vf yana tabbatar da rarraba wutar lantarki iri ɗaya a cikin tsararrun layi daya kuma zai iya sauƙaƙa ƙirar wutar lantarki.

5. Bincike akan Lakatunan Aiki

Bayanan hoto suna ba da zurfin fahimta game da halayen kayan a ƙarƙashin yanayi daban-daban.

5.1 Lakatar Halayen Ƙarfin Lantarki da Wutar Lantarki (I-V)

Wannan lanƙwasa tana nuna alaƙar da ke tsakanin wutar lantarki ta gaba ta hanyar LED da ƙarfin lantarki a ƙarshenta. Ba ta da layi, tana nuna ƙaramin ƙarfin lantarki a ƙasa wanda ƙaramin wutar lantarki ke gudana. Gangaren lanƙwasa a cikin yankin aiki yana da alaƙa da juriya mai ƙarfi na LED. Wannan jadawalin yana da mahimmanci don zaɓar da'irar iyakance wutar lantarki.

5.2 Halayen Dogaro da Zafin Jiki

Lakatu yawanci suna nuna yadda manyan ma'auni kamar ƙarfin lantarki na gaba da ƙarfin haske ke canzawa tare da zafin haɗin gwiwa. Vf gabaɗaya yana raguwa tare da ƙara zafin jiki (coefficient mara kyau na zafin jiki), yayin da ƙarfin haske yawanci yana raguwa yayin da zafin jiki ya tashi. Fahimtar waɗannan alaƙoɗin yana da mahimmanci don sarrafa zafi da kuma hasashen aiki a cikin muhallin ainihi.

5.3 Rarraba Ƙarfin Haske a cikin Bakan (Spectral)

Don fararen LED, wannan jadawalin yana nuna ƙarfin haske mai alaƙa a cikin bakan da ake iya gani. Yana bayyana kololuwar LED ɗin shan famfo mai shuɗi da faɗaɗa fitar da phosphor. Siffar lanƙwasa tana ƙayyade Ma'auni na Nunin Launi (CRI), wanda ke auna yadda tushen haske ke ba da launi daidai gwargwado idan aka kwatanta da tushen tunani.

6. Bayanin Injiniya da Kunshin

Takamaiman ƙayyadaddun bayanan jiki suna da mahimmanci don ƙirar PCB da haɗawa.

6.1 Zanen Bayyani na Girma

Cikakken zane wanda ke nuna daidaitattun girmansa na kunshin LED, gami da tsayi, faɗi, tsayi, da duk wani rangwame. Zai nuna wurin cibiyar gani da kuma yanayin fitar da saman.

6.2 Ƙirar Shafin Ƙafa (Pad Layout)

Shafin da aka ba da shawarar don ƙafafun PCB (pad). Wannan ya haɗa da girman pad, siffa, da tazara (pitch). Bin waɗannan shawarwarin yana tabbatar da samuwar haɗin gwiwar solder daidai, haɗin lantarki, da canja wurin zafi yayin solder na reflow.

6.3 Gano Ƙarshen Lantarki (Polarity)

Alamar bayyananne na tashoshi na anode (+) da cathode (-) akan kunshin, sau da yawa ta hanyar tsaga, ɗigo, yanki mai yankewa, ko igiyoyi masu siffa daban-daban. Daidaitaccen ƙarshen lantarki yana da mahimmanci don aikin na'urar.

7. Jagororin Solder da Haɗawa

Kulawa daidai yana tabbatar da aminci da kuma hana lalacewa yayin masana'antu.

7.1 Bayanin Yanayin Solder na Reflow

Cikakken jadawalin zafin jiki da lokaci wanda ke ƙayyadadden matakan dumama, jiƙa, sake kwarara, da sanyaya. Manyan ma'auni sun haɗa da matsakaicin zafin jiki (wanda bai kamata ya wuce matsakaicin zafin jiki na solder na LED ba), lokacin da ya wuce ruwa, da ƙimar hawan. Bin wannan bayanin yana hana girgizar zafi da lahani na solder.

7.2 Abubuwan da Ya kamata a Kula da su da Kula

Umarni yawanci sun haɗa da gargaɗi game da yin amfani da matsin lamba na injiniya akan ruwan tabarau, yin amfani da matakan kariya daga fitar da wutar lantarki (ESD), guje wa gurɓata saman gani, da kuma kada a taɓa shafin solder da hannu mara kyau don hana iskar oxygen.

7.3 Yanayin Ajiya

Shawarar muhallin ajiya, yawanci a cikin busasshiyar yanayi mara kyau (misali, a cikin jakar shinge mai ɗanɗano tare da bushewa) a cikin ƙayyadaddun kewayon zafin jiki da ɗanɗano don hana shan danshi (wanda zai iya haifar da "popcorning" yayin reflow) da iskar oxygen na gubar.

8. Bayanin Kunshin da Oda

8.1 Ƙayyadaddun Kunshin

Yana bayyana yadda ake samar da LED ɗin: akan tef da reel (daidaitaccen don haɗawa ta atomatik), a cikin bututu, ko a cikin tirel. Cikakkun bayanai sun haɗa da girmansa na reel, tazarar aljihu, da kuma yanayin.

8.2 Bayanin Alama

Bayanin bayanan da aka buga akan alamun kunshin, wanda zai iya haɗawa da lambar sashi, lambar kwandon shara, adadi, lambar kuri'a, da lambar ranar don bin diddigin bayanai.

8.3 Tsarin Lambar Sashi (Part Number)

Rarrabuwar lambar samfurin kayan, yana nuna yadda fage daban-daban a cikin lambar ke wakiltar takamaiman halaye kamar launi, kwandon shara na ƙarfin haske, kwandon shara na ƙarfin lantarki, nau'in kunshin, da fasali na musamman. Wannan yana ba da damar yin oda daidai na ƙayyadaddun bayanin da ake buƙata.

9. Shawarwarin Aikace-aikace

9.1 Da'irorin Aikace-aikace na Al'ada

Zane-zane don da'irori na tuƙi na asali, kamar yin amfani da mai iyakance wutar lantarki mai sauƙi don aikace-aikacen ƙaramin wutar lantarki ko direbobi masu wutar lantarki akai-akai don aikace-aikacen mafi girma ko na daidaito. Zai iya haɗawa da la'akari don haɗin layi daya/layi daya.

9.2 Abubuwan da Ya kamata a Yi la'akari da su a Ƙirar

Babban shawara don aiwatar da nasara: tabbatar da isasshen nutsewar zafi, kiyaye daidaitattun tazara da nisa, kariya daga ƙwararrun lantarki (ESD, hawan igiyar ruwa), da la'akari da abubuwan ƙira na gani kamar na'urorin gani na biyu ko masu watsawa.

10. Kwatancen Fasaha

Kwatancen haƙiƙa zai nuna fasalin wannan kayan a kan ma'auni na gama-gari ko na ƙarni na baya. Dangane da bayanan tsarin rayuwa da aka bayar, babban abin da ya bambanta shine ingantaccen sarrafa sake dubawa na "Har Abada" (Sake Dubawa 1), wanda ke ba da kwanciyar hankali da bayyanannen tunani don ƙira na dogon lokaci idan aka kwatanta da abubuwan da ba su da rubutaccen bayanai ko ƙayyadaddun bayanai masu canzawa akai-akai. Sauran fa'idodin da za a iya samu, waɗanda aka samo daga aikin LED na daidaitaccen, na iya haɗawa da ingantaccen inganci (lumens a kowace watt), mafi kyawun daidaiton launi saboda ƙaramin rarraba, ko ƙirar kunshin mai ƙarfi wanda ke haifar da ingantaccen aminci a ƙarƙashin zagayowar zafi.

11. Tambayoyin da ake yawan yi (FAQ)

Q: Me ake nufi da "Matakin Tsarin Rayuwa: Sake Dubawa: 1"?

A: Yana nuna cewa wannan shine farkon sake dubawa na hukumance na takardar bayanan fasaha na kayan. Ƙayyadaddun bayanan da ke ciki suna da ƙarfi kuma ana sarrafa su a ƙarƙashin wannan lambar sake dubawa.

Q: "Lokacin da ya ƙare" shine "Har Abada." Shin wannan yana nufin LED ba zai taɓa gaza ba?

A: A'a. "Har Abada" yana nufin lokacin aiki na wannan takamaiman sake dubawa natakardun bayanai. Kayan da kansa yana da ƙayyadaddun rayuwar aiki (ƙimar L70, L50 da aka bayar yawanci a cikin sa'o'i), wanda keɓantaccen ma'auni ne da aka samo a cikin sashin bayanan amincin cikakkiyar takardar bayanai.

Q: Ta yaya ya kamata in yi amfani da bayanan Ranar Saki?

A: Ranar Saki (2014-05-28) tana ba ku damar tabbatar da cewa kuna amfani da daidaitaccen sigar takardar bayanai. Yana da mahimmanci don tabbatar da cewa duk membobin ƙungiyar da abokan haɗin gwiwar masana'antu suna komawa ga ƙayyadaddun bayanai iri ɗaya, musamman yayin umarnin canjin injiniya (ECOs).

Q: Me zai faru idan ina buƙatar kwandon shara na ƙarfin haske ko launi daban?

A: Dole ne ku ƙayyade lambobin kwandon shara da ake so lokacin yin oda. Tsarin lambar sashi yawanci yana haɗa bayanan kwandon shara. Yin amfani da abubuwan da ba a rarraba su ba ko gauraye kwandon shara na iya haifar da rashin daidaiton aiki a cikin samfurin ƙarshe.

12. Misalan Amfani na Ainihi

Harka 1: Aikin Hasken Masana'antu na Dogon Lokaci

Mai kera yana ƙira kayan aikin hasken babban tasha na masana'antu tare da buƙatar tsarin rayuwar samfur na shekaru 10. Yin amfani da kayan aiki tare da bayyanannen sake dubawa na takardar bayanai wanda ba ya ƙarewa (Sake Dubawa 1, mai aiki Har Abada) yana tabbatar da cewa ƙayyadaddun bayanan fasaha sun kasance a tsaye. Wannan yana ba da damar daidaitaccen ƙirar direba, sarrafa zafi, da ƙirar gani a duk tsarin samarwa da kuma don kayan gyara na gaba, yana guje wa sake cancanta saboda canje-canjen ƙayyadaddun bayanai.

Harka 2: Hasken Baya na Na'urorin Lantarki na Mabukaci

Don na'urar hasken baya ta LCD TV da ke buƙatar daidaiton launi da haske, mai ƙira yana amfani da cikakkun bayanan rarraba. Ta hanyar ƙayyadadden ƙananan kwandon shara don ma'auni na launi da ƙarfin haske, za su iya samun filin farin daidaitacce a faɗin allo ba tare da ga facin launi ko haske ba, wanda ke shafar ingancin samfur da gamsuwar abokin ciniki kai tsaye.

13. Gabatarwa akan Ƙa'idar Aiki

LED (Light Emitting Diode) na'urar semiconductor ce wacce ke fitar da haske lokacin da wutar lantarki ta wuce ta. Wannan al'amari, wanda ake kira electroluminescence, yana faruwa lokacin da electrons suka sake haɗuwa tare da ramukan electron a cikin na'urar, suna sakin makamashi a cikin nau'in photons. Takamaiman tsawon raɗin haske (launi) na hasken an ƙaddara shi ta hanyar tazarar ƙungiyar makamashi na kayan semiconductor da aka yi amfani da su (misali, InGaN don shuɗi/kore, AlInGaP don ja/amber). Fararen LED yawanci ana ƙirƙira su ta hanyar lulluɓe guntun LED mai shuɗi ko ultraviolet tare da kayan phosphor, wanda ke ɗaukar wasu hasken shuɗi/UV kuma ya sake fitar da shi azaman mafi faɗin bakan na tsayin raɗin haske (rawaya, ja), suna haɗuwa don samar da farin haske.

14. Trends na Fasaha

Masana'antar LED na ci gaba da haɓaka tare da bayyanannun trends da yawa na haƙiƙa. Ingantaccen inganci (lumens a kowace watt) yana ƙaruwa akai-akai, yana rage amfani da makamashi don fitar da haske iri ɗaya. Ma'auni na ingancin launi, kamar Ma'auni na Nunin Launi (CRI) da kuma kwanan nan, TM-30 (Rf, Rg), ana samun mafi girman mayar da hankali don inganta ingancin haske a aikace-aikace kamar sayayya da gidajen tarihi. Ƙananan ƙira yana ci gaba, yana ba da damar ƙananan nuni masu ƙima da abubuwan haske. Hakanan akwai babban yanayi zuwa tsarin haske mai hankali, haɗin kai inda aka haɗa LED ɗin tare da na'urori masu auna firikwensin da ka'idojin sadarwa (misali, DALI, Zhaga). Bugu da ƙari, turawa don dorewa yana haifar da ci gaba a cikin kayan da za a iya sake amfani da su da hanyoyin masana'antu tare da ƙaramin tasirin muhalli.