Takardar Bayanin LED - Tsarin Rayuwa: Sake Dubawa Na 1 - Ranar Saki: 2013-03-15 - Takardar Fasaha ta Hausa

1. Bayanin Samfur

Wannan takardar bayanan fasaha ta shafi wani takamaiman sake dubawa na kayan LED. Babban bayanin da aka bayar yana nuna cewa kayan yana cikin sake dubawarsa na farko (Sake Dubawa Na 1) kuma an fitar da shi a hukumance a ranar 15 ga Maris, 2013. An yiwa lokacin rayuwa alama da "Sake Dubawa," wanda ke nuna sabuntawa ko gyara daga sigar da ta gabata. An lura da "Lokacin da Ya Ƙare" a matsayin "Har Abada," wanda yawanci yana nuna cewa takardar bayanan ta kasance mai inganci har abada don wannan takamaiman sake dubawa ko kuma kayan ba shi da ranar da aka tsara don wannan sigar. Wannan takarda ita ce tushen tabbataccen bayani na ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun lantarki, na gani, da na injiniya na wannan sake dubawa na kayan, wanda aka yi niyya don injiniyoyi, masu ƙira, da ƙwararrun sayayya da ke cikin haɓaka samfur da masana'antu.

2. Fassarar Ma'ana Mai Zurfi na Ma'aunin Fasaha

Duk da cewa ɓangaren da aka bayar yana da iyaka, cikakkiyar takardar bayanan fasaha don kayan LED a cikin Sake Dubawa Na 1 zai ƙunshi cikakkun ma'auni na fasaha. Waɗannan suna da mahimmanci don ingantaccen ƙirar da'ira da tabbatar da cewa ana cika tsammanin aiki.

2.1 Halayen Haske da Launi

Cikakkiyar takardar bayanan za ta ƙayyade mahimman ma'auni na haske. Tsawon raƙuman ruwa ko ma'anar zazzabin launi (CCT) yana bayyana launin hasken da aka fitar, kamar farin sanyi, farin dumi, ko takamaiman launi mai launi kamar ja ko shuɗi. Ƙarfin haske, wanda aka auna a cikin lumens (lm), yana nuna jimillar fitowar hasken da aka gani. Ma'auni na launi (misali, akan zanen CIE 1931) suna ba da takamaiman ma'anar wurin launi. Ana iya ƙayyade ma'auni na nuna launi (CRI) don LED masu farare, yana nuna yadda tushen haske ke bayyana launukan abubuwa daidai gwargwado idan aka kwatanta da tushen haske na halitta. Kusurwar kallo, yawanci ana ba da ita a matsayin kusurwar da ƙarfin haske ya rabi na matsakaicin (misali, digiri 120), yana bayyana rarraba haske a sarari.

2.2 Ma'aunin Lantarki

Ƙayyadaddun lantarki sune tushe don ƙirar mai tuƙi. Ƙarfin lantarki na gaba (Vf) shine raguwar ƙarfin lantarki a kan LED a takamaiman gwajin ƙarfin wutar lantarki. Yana da mahimmanci don tantance buƙatun wutar lantarki. Ƙarfin wutar lantarki na gaba (If) shine ƙarfin wutar lantarki da aka ba da shawarar don aiki, wanda ke shafar fitowar haske da tsawon rayuwa kai tsaye. Matsakaicin ƙididdiga don ƙarfin lantarki na baya, matsakaicin ƙarfin wutar lantarki na gaba, da ɓarnar ƙarfi suna bayyana iyakoki cikakkun waɗanda bayan su lalacewa ta dindindin na iya faruwa. Hakanan ana iya samar da juriya mai ƙarfi don ƙarin ƙirar ƙira a cikin aikace-aikacen ƙarfin wutar lantarki mai bugun jini ko bambanta.

2.3 Halayen Zafi

Aikin LED da tsawon rayuwa sun dogara sosai akan sarrafa zafi. Juriyar zafi daga haɗin gwiwa zuwa yanayi (RθJA) tana ƙididdige yadda ake canja wurin zafi yadda ya kamata daga haɗin gwiwar semiconductor zuwa muhallin da ke kewaye. Ƙananan ƙima yana nuna ingantaccen ɓarnar zafi. Matsakaicin zazzabin haɗin gwiwa (Tj max) shine mafi girman zazzabin da guntun LED zai iya jurewa ba tare da lalacewa ba. Yin aiki da LED a ƙarƙashin wannan zazzabi, yawanci ta hanyar isasshen sanyaya, yana da mahimmanci don kiyaye ƙarfin haske, kwanciyar hankali na launi, da cimma tsawon rayuwa da aka ƙayyade (wanda galibi ana bayyana shi azaman L70 ko L50, lokacin har sai fitowar lumen ta ragu zuwa 70% ko 50% na ƙimar farko).

3. Bayanin Tsarin Rarrabe LED

Bambance-bambancen masana'antu suna buƙatar tsarin rarrabe don rarraba LED bisa mahimman ma'auni, yana tabbatar da daidaito a cikin rukunin samarwa.

3.1 Rarrabe Tsawon Raƙuman Haske/Zazzabin Launi

Ana rarraba LED zuwa kwandon shara bisa madaidaicin ma'auni na launi ko tsawon raƙuman ruwa. Wannan yana tabbatar da cewa samfuran da ke amfani da LED da yawa suna da kamanni iri ɗaya na launi. Don LED masu farare, ana bayyana kwandon shara ta hanyar kewayon akan ginshiƙi na CIE da/ko ta hanyar kewayon ma'anar zazzabin launi (CCT) (misali, 3000K ± 150K).

3.2 Rarrabe Yawan Haske

Hakanan ana rarraba LED bisa ga fitowar haske a daidaitaccen gwajin ƙarfin wutar lantarki. Lambar kwandon shara (misali, Kwandon Haske A, B, C) yayi daidai da mafi ƙarancin kewayon ƙarfin haske da matsakaici. Wannan yana ba masu ƙira damar zaɓar LED waɗanda suka cika takamaiman buƙatun haske don aikace-aikacensu.

3.3 Rarrabe Ƙarfin Lantarki na Gaba

Ƙarfin lantarki na gaba (Vf) wani ma'auni ne da ke ƙarƙashin bambancin. Rarrabe ta Vf yana taimakawa wajen ƙirar da'irori masu inganci, musamman lokacin haɗa LED da yawa a jere, yayin da yake rage rashin daidaiton ƙarfin wutar lantarki da asarar ƙarfi.

4. Bincike akan Lakatunan Aiki

Bayanan hoto suna ba da zurfin fahimta game da halayen LED a ƙarƙashin yanayi daban-daban.

4.1 Lakatar Halayen Ƙarfin Lantarki da Ƙarfin Wutar Lantarki (I-V)

Lakatar I-V tana kwatanta alaƙar da ba ta layi tsakanin ƙarfin wutar lantarki na gaba da ƙarfin lantarki na gaba. Yana nuna ƙarfin lantarki na kunna da yadda Vf ke ƙaruwa tare da ƙarfin wutar lantarki. Wannan lakata tana da mahimmanci don zaɓar hanyar da ta dace don iyakance ƙarfin wutar lantarki (mai juriya, mai tuƙi na yau da kullun).

4.2 Dogaro akan Zazzabi

Hotuna yawanci suna nuna yadda ƙarfin lantarki na gaba ke raguwa tare da ƙaruwar zazzabin haɗin gwiwa (ma'auni mara kyau na zazzabi). Mafi mahimmanci, suna nuna ƙarfin haske na dangi a matsayin aiki na zazzabin haɗin gwiwa, suna nuna raguwar fitowar haske yayin da zazzabi ya tashi. Wannan yana jaddada buƙatar ingantaccen ƙirar zafi.

4.3 Rarraba Ƙarfin Raƙuman Haske

Taswirar rarraba raƙuman ruwa tana nuna ƙarfin dangi na hasken da aka fitar a kowane tsawon raƙuman ruwa. Don LED masu launi ɗaya, yana nuna tsayin raƙuman ruwa mai kololuwa da faɗin raƙuman ruwa (FWHM). Don LED masu farare (galibi ana canza su da phosphor), yana nuna kololuwar LED mai bugun shuɗi da mafi faɗin bakan fitar da phosphor.

5. Bayanin Injiniya da Kunshewa

Ƙayyadaddun jiki suna tabbatar da daidaitaccen shimfidar PCB da haɗawa.

5.1 Zanen Bayanin Girma

Cikakken zanen injiniya yana ba da duk mahimman girma: tsayi, faɗi, tsayi, siffar ruwan tabarau, da duk wani tsinkaya. An ƙayyade iyakoki don kowane girma.

5.2 Tsarin Shafin Ƙarfe da Ƙirar Ƙafar LED

An ba da shimfidar ƙasa na PCB da aka ba da shawarar (ƙafar ƙafa), gami da girman shafin, siffa, da tazara. Wannan yana da mahimmanci don amincin haɗin walda da ingantaccen haɗin zafi zuwa PCB.

5.3 Gano Ƙarshen Lantarki

Hanyar gano anode da cathode an bayyana ta a sarari. Wannan yawanci ta hanyar alama akan jikin kayan (misali, tsaga, ɗigo, ko yanke kusurwa) ko ƙirar shafin da ba ta daidaita ba.

6. Jagororin Walda da Haɗawa

Ingantaccen gudanarwa da haɗawa suna da mahimmanci ga aminci.

6.1 Bayanin Yanayin Walda Mai Maimaitawa

An ba da shawarar bayanin yanayin zazzabin walda mai maimaitawa, gami da dumama, jiƙa, matsakaicin zazzabin walda, da ƙimar sanyaya. An ƙayyade matsakaicin zazzabi da lokacin da ya wuce ruwa don hana lalata kunshewar LED da kayan ciki.

6.2 Abubuwan Kariya da Gudanarwa

Jagororin sun ƙunshi kariya daga fitar da lantarki na tsaye (ESD), kamar yadda LED ke da hankali ga lantarki na tsaye. An ba da shawarwari don yanayin ajiya (zazzabi, ɗanɗano) don adana walda da hana shan danshi (ƙimar MSL).

7. Bayanin Kunshewa da Oda

Bayanai don dabaru da sayayya.

7.1 Cikakkun Bayanai na Kunshewa

Cikakkun bayanai kan yadda ake samar da LED: nau'in reel (misali, inci 7, inci 13), faɗin tef, tazarar aljihu, da adadin kowane reel. An ƙayyade alkibla a cikin tef.

7.2 Alama da Lambar Bangare

Alamar da ke kan reel ko akwati ta ƙunshi cikakkiyar lambar bangare, adadi, lambar kwanan wata, da lambar kuri'a. Lambar bangare da kanta lamba ce da ke ɗauke da mahimman halaye kamar launi, kwandon haske, kwandon ƙarfin lantarki, da nau'in kunshewa.

8. Shawarwarin Amfani

Jagora don aiwatar da kayan a cikin ƙira.

8.1 Da'irorin Amfani na Yau da Kullun

An nuna zane-zane na asali na da'irorin tuƙi, kamar amfani da mai juriya na jere tare da tushen ƙarfin lantarki na yau da kullun ko amfani da takamaiman IC mai tuƙi na LED na yau da kullun don ingantacciyar inganci da kwanciyar hankali.

8.2 Abubuwan da Ya Kamata a Yi La'akari da su a Ƙirar

Mahimman abubuwan da ya kamata a yi la'akari da su sun haɗa da sarrafa zafi (yankin jan ƙarfe na PCB, ramukan zafi, yuwuwar sanyaya waje), ƙirar gani (zaɓin ruwan tabarau, na'urorin gani na biyu), da shimfidar lantarki don rage amo da tabbatar da ƙarfin wutar lantarki mai ƙarfi.

9. Kwatancen Fasaha

Duk da cewa takamaiman ga wannan sake dubawa, fa'idodi na iya haɗawa da ingantaccen inganci na haske (lumens a kowace watt) idan aka kwatanta da sake dubawa na baya ko samfuran gasa, mafi kyawun daidaiton launi (ƙaramin rarrabe), ingantaccen bayanan aminci (tsawon rayuwa na L70), ko ƙaramin girman kunshewa wanda ke ba da damar ƙira mai yawan girma. Matsayin "Sake Dubawa Na 1" da kansa yana nuna gyare-gyare da ingantawa bisa ga ra'ayi ko ci gaba daga fitowar farko.

10. Tambayoyin da ake yawan yi

Tambayoyi na yau da kullun bisa ma'auni na fasaha sun haɗa da: "Menene ƙarfin wutar lantarki da aka ba da shawarar don matsakaicin tsawon rayuwa?" (Amsa: Yawanci a ko ƙasa da If na yau da kullun). "Ta yaya ƙarfin haske ke raguwa akan lokaci?" (Duba lakatunan tsawon rayuwa da ƙimar L70/L50). "Zan iya tuƙa wannan LED da tushen ƙarfin lantarki?" (Amsa: Ba a ba da shawarar ba tare da tsarin iyakance ƙarfin wutar lantarki ba saboda halayen I-V na LED). "Menene tasirin PWM dimming akan launi?" (Yawanci ƙanƙanta idan mitar ya yi yawa, amma takardar bayanan na iya ƙayyadewa).

11. Misalan Amfani na Ainihi

Bisa aikace-aikacen LED na yau da kullun, wannan kayan zai iya amfani da shi a cikin: Na'urorin haske na gabaɗaya (fitilun ƙasa, fitilun panel), inda daidaitaccen launi da ingantaccen inganci suke da mahimmanci. Hasken cikin mota (fitilun kofa, hasken accent), yana buƙatar aminci akan kewayon zazzabi mai faɗi. Rukunin hasken baya don nunin LCD, inda daidaitaccen haske yake da mahimmanci. Hasken kayan ado da gine-gine, yana amfani da takamaiman wurin launi. Fitilun nuna alama na na'urorin lantarki na masu amfani, yana amfani da ƙaramin girmansa.

12. Gabatarwa akan Ka'idoji

Diodes masu fitar da haske (LEDs) na'urori ne na semiconductor waɗanda ke fitar da haske lokacin da ƙarfin wutar lantarki ya wuce ta cikinsu. Wannan abin al'ajabi, da ake kira electroluminescence, yana faruwa lokacin da electrons suka sake haɗuwa tare da ramukan electron a cikin na'urar, suna sakin makamashi a cikin nau'in photons. Launin hasken yana ƙayyade ta hanyar tazarar band na makamashi na kayan semiconductor da aka yi amfani da su. Don LED masu farare, ana lulluɓe guntun LED shuɗi ko ultraviolet da wani abu na phosphor wanda ke ɗaukar wasu hasken shuɗi/UV kuma ya sake fitar da shi azaman rawaya ko mafi faɗin bakan, wanda ke haɗuwa don samar da farin haske.

13. Yadda Ake Ci Gaba

Masana'antar LED na ci gaba da haɓakawa. Trends sun haɗa da neman ingantaccen inganci na haske don rage amfani da makamashi. Inganta ingancin launi, kamar mafi girman CRI da ƙimar R9 (ja mai cika), don aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar ingantaccen nuna launi. Haɓaka sabbin tsarin phosphor don mafi kwanciyar hankali na launi akan tsawon rayuwa da zazzabi. Ƙananan kunshewa don aikace-aikacen da ba su da yawa. Haɗa na'urorin lantarki na sarrafawa kai tsaye tare da guntun LED ko kunshewa, wanda ke haifar da LED "mai hankali" ko "haɗe". Ƙarin mayar da hankali kan aminci da tsare-tsaren tsinkaya na tsawon rayuwa, musamman don aikace-aikacen da ake buƙata kamar fitilun mota.