Takardar Bayanin LED - Sake Dubawa na 3 - Bayanin Tsarin Rayuwa - Takardar Fasaha ta Turanci

1. Bayyani Game da Samfur

Wannan takardar bayanin fasaha tana ba da cikakken bayani game da kayan LED, tare da mai da hankali kan sarrafa tsarin rayuwarsa da tarihin sake dubawa. Takardar tana da muhimmanci ga injiniyoyi, ƙwararrun sayayya, da ƙungiyoyin tabbatar da inganci don tabbatar da cewa an yi amfani da ingantaccen sigar kayan a cikin ƙira da samarwa. Babban fa'idar wannan cikakken bin diddigin tsarin rayuwa shine bin sawu da daidaito a cikin ayyukan dogon lokaci, yana tabbatar da cewa ƙayyadaddun bayanai sun kasance ba su canza ba ko kuma an rubuta su yadda ya kamata lokacin da aka yi sake dubawa. Kasuwar da aka yi niyya ta haɗa da na'urorin lantarki na masu amfani, hasken mota, alamomin masana'antu, da aikace-aikacen haske gabaɗaya inda amincin kayan da takardu suka zama mahimmanci.

2. Bayanin Tsarin Rayuwa da Sake Dubawa

Abubuwan da aka bayar na PDF suna nuna akai-akai cikakken bayani game da matsayin tsarin rayuwa na kayan.

2.1 Matakin Tsarin Rayuwa

An rubutaMatakin Tsarin Rayuwaa matsayinSake Dubawa: 3. Wannan yana nuna cewa kayan yana cikin yanayin sake dubawa mai aiki, musamman babban sake dubawa na uku na takardunsa ko ƙayyadaddun bayanai. Sake dubawa yana nuna sabuntawa ga ma'auni, bayanan aiki, shawararrun amfani, ko bayanin kunshewa daga sigogin da suka gabata. Yana da mahimmanci ga masu amfani su koma wannan takamaiman sake dubawa don tabbatar da cewa ƙirar su ta yi daidai da sabbin bayanan da aka gwada da kuma tabbatar da su.

2.2 Ingantacciyar Lokaci da Saki

An lura daLokacin Ƙarewaa matsayinHar Abada. Kalmar nan tana nuna cewa wannan takamaiman sake dubawa na takardar bayanin ba shi da kwanan wata da aka tsara don tsufa kuma an yi niyya don ci gaba da aiki har abada don dalilan tunani, sai dai idan wani sabon sake dubawa ya maye gurbinsa. An rubutaRanar Sakidaidai a matsayin2014-12-05 13:13:10.0. Wannan alamar lokaci tana ba da takamaiman ma'anar lokaci don lokacin da aka fitar da wannan sake dubawa na uku a hukumance kuma ya zama takarda mai aiki ga kayan.

3. Zurfin Fassarar Ma'anar Ma'auni na Fasaha

Yayin da guntun bayanin da aka bayar ya mai da hankali kan bayanan tsarin rayuwa, cikakkiyar takardar bayanin LED za ta ƙunshi waɗannan mahimman ma'auni na fasaha. Ƙimar da ke ƙasa misalai ne na misali bisa ga ƙa'idodin masana'antu na gama-gari don LED mai matsakaicin ƙarfi; masu ƙira dole ne su tuntubi cikakkiyar takardar bayanin a hukumance don cikakkun ƙimomi.

3.1 Halayen Haske da Launi

Waɗannan ma'auni suna ayyana fitowar haske da ingancin LED.

• Matsakaicin Tsawon Zango / Zazzabin Launi Mai Alaƙa (CCT):Yana ƙayyadad da launin hasken da ake gani. Ga fararen LED, ana ba da wannan a cikin Kelvin (K), misali, 2700K (Farar Dumi), 4000K (Farar Tsaka-tsaki), 6500K (Farar Sanyi). Ga LED-oyin masu launi, ana ba da shi a cikin nanometers (nm), misali, 630nm (Ja), 525nm (Kore), 450nm (Shuɗi).
• Ƙarfin Haske (Luminous Flux):Jimlar ƙarfin hasken da ake fitarwa, wanda aka auna a cikin lumens (lm). Yawanci ana ƙayyade wannan a daidaitaccen gwajin wutar lantarki (misali, 65mA, 150mA) da zazzabin haɗuwa (misali, 25°C).
• Ingancin Haske (Luminous Efficacy):Ingancin LED, wanda aka lissafta a matsayin lumens a kowace watt (lm/W). Ingantaccen inganci yana nuna mafi kyawun canza wutar lantarki zuwa hasken da ake iya gani.
• Ma'auni na Nuna Launi (CRI):Ga fararen LED, CRI (Ra) yana auna ikon bayyana launukan abubuwa da aminci idan aka kwatanta da tushen haske na halitta. CRI sama da 80 yana da kyau don haske gabaɗaya, yayin da sama da 90 yana da kyau sosai don aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar ingantaccen launi.

3.2 Ma'auni na Lantarki

Waɗannan suna ayyana yanayin aiki da iyakokin lantarki na LED.

• Ƙarfin Lantarki Gaba (Vf):Ragewar wutar lantarki a kan LED lokacin aiki a takamaiman wutar lantarki ta gaba. Yana bambanta da wutar lantarki da zazzabi. Matsakaicin ƙimomi suna tsakanin 2.8V zuwa 3.4V ga fararen da shuɗaɗɗun LED, da 1.8V zuwa 2.2V ga ja da LED-oyin amber.
• Wutar Lantarki Gaba (If):Shawaraccen wutar lantarki ta DC mai ci gaba, misali, 65mA, 150mA, 300mA. Wuce matsakaicin ƙimar wutar lantarki na iya haifar da lalacewa ta dindindin.
• Ƙarfin Lantarki Baya (Vr):Matsakaicin ƙarfin lantarki da za a iya amfani da shi a cikin alkiblar baya ba tare da lalata LED ba. Wannan ƙimar yawanci ƙanƙanta ce (misali, 5V).
• Rushewar Wutar Lantarki (Power Dissipation):Matsakaicin ƙarfin lantarki da fakitin zai iya ɗauka, wanda aka lissafta shi azaman Vf * If, kuma yana iyakance ta hanyar matsalolin zafi.

3.3 Halayen Zafi

Aikin LED da tsawon rayuwarsa sun dogara sosai akan sarrafa zafi.

• Juriya na Zafi (Rth_j-sko Rth_j-c):Juriya ga kwararar zafi daga haɗuwar LED zuwa wurin solder (s) ko harsashi (c), wanda aka auna a cikin °C/W. Ƙimar ƙasa tana nuna mafi kyawun ikon kawar da zafi.
• Matsakaicin Zazzabin Haɗuwa (Tj_max):Matsakaicin zazzabin da aka yarda a haɗuwar semiconductor. Ci gaba da aiki sama da wannan iyaka yana rage tsawon rayuwa sosai kuma yana iya haifar da gazawa nan take. Matsakaicin Tj_maxshi ne 120°C zuwa 150°C.
• Matsakaicin Canjin Zafi na Ƙarfin Lantarki Gaba:Adadin da Vf ke canzawa tare da zazzabin haɗuwa, yawanci kusan -2mV/°C zuwa -4mV/°C.

4. Bayanin Tsarin Rarraba (Binning)

Bambance-bambancen masana'antu suna haifar da ɗan bambanci tsakanin LED-oyin ɗaya. Rarraba (Binning) yana haɗa LED-oyin tare da halaye masu kama da juna don tabbatar da daidaito a cikin samarwa mai yawa.

4.1 Rarraba Tsawon Zango / Zazzabin Launi (CCT)

Ana rarraba LED-oyin zuwa rukunoni bisa ga matsakaicin tsawon zangonsu (launi) ko CCT. Ga fararen LED, rukunoni na iya wakiltar matakai na 100K ko 200K a cikin kewayon CCT na yau da kullun (misali, 6500K ± 300K). Yin amfani da LED-oyin daga rukunin ɗaya ko rukunoni maƙwabta yana da mahimmanci don aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar daidaiton bayyanar launi.

4.2 Rarraba Ƙarfin Haske (Luminous Flux)

Ana rarraba LED-oyin bisa ga fitowar haskensu a daidaitaccen yanayin gwaji. Ana ayyana rukunoni a matsayin mafi ƙarancin ƙimar haske ko kewayon kashi (misali, Rukuni A: 100-105 lm, Rukuni B: 105-110 lm). Wannan yana ba masu ƙira damar zaɓar matakin haske wanda ya dace da bukatunsu na farashi da aiki.

4.3 Rarraba Ƙarfin Lantarki Gaba (Forward Voltage)

Rarraba ta hanyar ƙarfin lantarki gaba (Vf) a takamaiman wutar lantarki yana taimakawa wajen ƙirar da'irori masu inganci, musamman lokacin haɗa LED-oyi da yawa a jere. Daidaita rukunonin Vf na iya inganta daidaiton wutar lantarki a cikin layukan layi daya.

5. Bincike akan Lissafin Aiki

Bayanan hoto suna ba da zurfin fahimta game da halayen LED a ƙarƙashin yanayi daban-daban.

5.1 Lissafin Halayen Ƙarfin Lantarki da Wutar Lantarki (I-V)

Wannan lissafin yana nuna alaƙar da ke tsakanin wutar lantarki ta gaba (If) da ƙarfin lantarki gaba (Vf). Ba shi da layi, tare da haɓaka wutar lantarki da sauri da zarar wutar lantarki ta wuce ƙofar diode. Lissafin yana motsawa tare da zazzabi. Wannan jadawali yana da mahimmanci don ƙirar direba don tabbatar da ingantaccen sarrafa wutar lantarki.

5.2 Halayen Zazzabi

Muhimman jadawali sun haɗa da Ƙarfin Haske da Zazzabin Haɗuwa da Ƙarfin Lantarki Gaba da Zazzabin Haɗuwa. Ƙarfin haske yawanci yana raguwa yayin da zazzabi ya karu. Fahimtar wannan raguwa yana da mahimmanci don ƙirar zafi don kiyaye hasken da aka yi niyya a cikin yanayin aikin aikace-aikacen.

5.3 Rarraba Ƙarfin Haske ta Tsawon Zango (SPD)

Jadawalin SPD yana nuna ƙarfin hasken da ake fitarwa a kowane tsawon zango. Ga fararen LED, yana bayyana haɗuwar LED na bugun shuɗi da fitar da phosphor. Ana amfani da wannan jadawali don ingantaccen binciken launi da lissafin ma'auni kamar CRI da CCT.

6. Bayanin Injiniya da Kunshewa

Ƙayyadaddun bayanan jiki suna tabbatar da ingantaccen ƙirar PCB da haɗawa.

6.1 Zanen Bayanin Girma

Cikakken zane wanda ke nuna daidaitattun girmansu na fakitin LED, gami da tsayi, faɗi, tsayi, da kowane lanƙwasa na ruwan tabarau. An nuna mahimman ƙimar izini. Girman fakitin gama-gari sun haɗa da 2835 (2.8mm x 3.5mm), 3535, 5050, da sauransu.

6.2 Ƙirar Shafin Ƙaddamarwa (Pad Layout)

Shawaraccen tsarin shafin solder akan PCB, gami da girman shafi, siffa, da tazara. Bin wannan shimfidar yana tabbatar da ingantaccen amincin haɗin solder, ingantaccen nutsewar zafi, da hana mutuwar kabari yayin sake kwarara.

6.3 Gano Ƙarshen Lantarki (Polarity)

Bayyanannen alamar tashoshi na anode (+) da cathode (-) akan fakitin LED, yawanci ta hanyar tsaga, yanke kusurwa, ko alama a gefen cathode. Takardar bayanin za ta kwatanta wannan alama.

7. Jagororin Solder da Haɗawa

7.1 Bayanin Yanayin Solder na Reflow

Shawaraccen bayanin lokaci-zazzabi don solder na reflow, gami da yankunan dumama, jiƙa, sake kwarara, da sanyaya. An ƙayyade matsakaicin zazzabi (yawanci 260°C na 'yan daƙiƙa kaɗan) da lokacin da ya wuce ruwa (TAL) don hana lalacewar zafi ga fakitin LED da kayan ciki.

7.2 Abubuwan da Ya Kamata a Kula da su

• Kauce wa matsin lamba na injiniya akan ruwan tabarau na LED.
• Yi amfani da magungunan da ba a tsabtace ba ko masu aiki a hankali waɗanda suka dace da LED-oyi.
• Kada a tsaftace ta hanyoyin ultrasonic saboda suna iya lalata Layer na phosphor.
• Hana zubar da wutar lantarki (ESD) yayin sarrafawa.

7.3 Yanayin Ajiya

Ya kamata a adana LED-oyin a cikin yanayi mai bushewa, duhu a shawararrun zazzabi da zafi (misali, <40°C, <60% RH). Yawanci ana jigilar su a cikin kunshe na na'urar da ke da hankali ga danshi (MSD) tare da katin nuna danshi. Idan an fallasa, ana iya buƙatar gasa kafin sake kwarara don hana "gaggawar gasa."

8. Bayanin Kunshewa da Oda

8.1 Ƙayyadaddun Kunshewa

Cikakkun bayanai akan nau'in reel (misali, 12mm, 16mm), girman reel, adadin aljihu, da alkibla. Ƙayyadaddun tef da reel suna bin ƙa'idodi kamar EIA-481.

8.2 Bayanin Lakabi

Bayanai akan lakabin reel, gami da lambar sashi, adadi, lambar kuri'a, lambar kwanan wata, da lambobin rukuni don haske, launi, da Vf.

8.3 Dokar Lambar Samfur

Bayanin tsarin lambar sashi, wanda yawanci ke ɓoye mahimman halaye kamar girman fakitin, launi/CCT, rukunin haske, rukunin wutar lantarki, kuma wani lokacin fasali na musamman (misali, babban CRI).

9. Shawarwari na Aikace-aikace

9.1 Yanayin Aikace-aikace na Yau da Kullun

• Hasken Gabaɗaya:Ƙwayoyin LED, bututu, panel, fitilun ƙasa.
• Hasken Baya:TV, na'urar kallo, kwamfutar tafi-da-gidanka, da raka'o'in hasken baya na alama.
• Motoci:Hasken ciki, fitilun gudu na rana (DRLs), fitilun sigina.
• Alamomi & Alamomi:Alamomin matsayi, alamun fita, haruffa tashoshi.

9.2 Abubuwan da Ya Kamata a Yi la'akari da su Lokacin Ƙira

• Sarrafa Zafi:Ƙirar PCB tare da isassun ramukan zafi da yankin tagulla. Yi la'akari da hanyar zafi zuwa ma'aunin zafi.
• Zaɓin Direba:Yi amfani da direba mai ci gaba da wutar lantarki wanda ya dace da buƙatun Vf da If na LED. Yi la'akari da hanyar dusar ƙanƙara (PWM, analog) idan an buƙata.
• Ƙirar Gani:Zaɓi ingantattun na'urori na biyu (ruwan tabarau, masu nuni) don cimma kusurwar katako da rarrabawa da ake so.
• Daidaiton Launi:Ƙayyade ƙaƙƙarfan buƙatun rarraba ko amfani da dabarun haɗa launi don aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar babban daidaito.

10. Kwatancen Fasaha

Idan aka kwatanta da tsararraki na baya (misali, Sake Dubawa na 2), Sake Dubawa na 3 na wannan takardar bayanin na iya haɗawa da sabuntattun bayanan aiki waɗanda ke nuna ingantattun hanyoyin masana'antu, kamar mafi girman ƙarfin haske na yau da kullun ko inganci a wutar lantarki ɗaya. Hakanan yana iya ƙunshe da faɗaɗa ko bayyana matsakaicin ƙima, yanayin gwaji da aka sake dubawa, ko ƙarin cikakkun bayanan aikace-aikace. Babban bambanci daga sassa na gama-gari ko masu fafatawa yana cikin takamaiman haɗuwa na ma'auni na aiki (inganci, CRI, aminci), ƙarfin fakitin, da zurfin da daidaiton bayanan fasaha da aka bayar, wanda ke ba da damar ƙira mafi daidaito da aminci.

11. Tambayoyin da Ake Yawan Yi (FAQs)

11.1 Me ake nufi da "Matakin Tsarin Rayuwa: Sake Dubawa na 3"?

Yana nuna cewa wannan shine sigar uku da aka fitar a hukumance na takardar bayanin kayan. Duk wani canjin fasaha daga sake dubawa na baya an rubuta shi a nan. Koyaushe yi amfani da sabon sake dubawa don sabbin ƙira.

11.2 Ta yaya zan fassara "Lokacin Ƙarewa: Har Abada"?

Ana ɗaukar wannan sake dubawa na takardar bayanin a matsayin mai aiki har abada don tunani sai dai idan wani sabon sake dubawa (misali, Sake Dubawa na 4) ya maye gurbinsa a fili. Ba yana nufin cewa kayan da kansu suna cikin samarwa har abada ba.

11.3 Shin zan iya haɗa LED-oyin daga rukunoni daban-daban na ƙarfin haske ko launi a cikin samfurina?

Ba a ba da shawarar don samfuran ƙarshe ba saboda zai haifar da bambance-bambancen haske da launi da ake iya gani. Don ƙirar samfuri, tabbatar an rubuta rukunoni. Don samarwa, ƙayyade rukunin ɗaya ko ƙa'idodin haɗawa daga mai siyar da ku.

11.4 Me zai faru idan na yi amfani da LED a sama da matsakaicin zazzabin haɗuwa (junction temperature)?

Yin aiki sama da Tj_maxyana haɓaka raguwar lumen (asarar fitowar haske) kuma yana iya haifar da gazawa mai ban tsoro ta hanyoyi kamar lalacewar phosphor ko gazawar igiyar haɗin gwiwa. Ingantaccen nutsewar zafi ba shi da sasantawa.

12. Misalin Amfani na Aiki

Nazarin Shari'a: Ƙirar Kayan LED na Layi

Wani injiniya yana ƙirar fitilar LED mai tsayin ƙafa 4 don hasken ofis. Ta amfani da wannan takardar bayanin (Sake Dubawa na 3), sun zaɓi farar LED mai tsaka-tsaki (4000K) tare da babban CRI (Ra>90) daga takamaiman rukunin haske don cimma manufar lumens a kowane kayan aiki. An yi amfani da lissafin I-V da bayanan juriya na zafi don ƙirar jeri-layi da zaɓar direba mai dacewa mai ci gaba da wutar lantarki. Zanen injiniya yana tabbatar da cewa shimfidar PCB tana da daidaitattun girman shafi. An shirya bayanin sake kwarara a cikin injin SMT. Ta hanyar bin ƙa'idodin ajiya da sarrafawa, sun cimma babban yawan amfanin farko yayin samarwa. Aikin kayan aiki yana da daidaito kuma ya cika ƙayyadaddun tsawon rayuwa (L70) saboda ƙirar sarrafa zafi yana kiyaye zazzabin haɗuwa ƙasa da matsakaicin ƙima a ƙarƙashin duk yanayin aiki.

13. Gabatarwar Ka'ida

Diodes masu fitar da haske (LEDs) na'urori ne na semiconductor waɗanda ke fitar da haske lokacin da wutar lantarki ta wuce ta cikin su. Wannan abin al'ajabi, da ake kira electroluminescence, yana faruwa lokacin da electrons suka sake haɗuwa tare da ramukan electron a cikin na'urar, suna sakin makamashi a cikin nau'in photons. Launin hasken yana ƙaddara ta hanyar tazarar band na makamashi na kayan semiconductor. Ana ƙirƙira fararen LED yawanci ta hanyar haɗa guntu na LED shuɗi ko ultraviolet tare da rufin phosphor wanda ke canza wasu fitattun haske zuwa tsayin zango mafi tsayi (rawaya, ja), yana haifar da faffadan bakan da ake ganin shi azaman farin haske. Ingantaccen inganci, launi, da tsawon rayuwar LED suna tasiri ta hanyar kayan semiconductor, gine-ginen guntu, abun da ke cikin phosphor, da ƙirar fakitin.

14. Trends na Ci gaba

Masana'antar LED na ci gaba da haɓaka tare da yanayi da yawa bayyananne. Ingantaccen inganci (lm/W) yana ƙaruwa akai-akai, yana rage amfani da makamashi don fitowar haske ɗaya. Akwai mai da hankali sosai kan inganta ingancin launi, gami da mafi girman ƙimar CRI da mafi kyawun daidaito a cikin nuna launi a cikin bakan daban-daban (misali, R9 don ja). Ƙananan fakitin yayin kiyayewa ko ƙara fitowar haske yana ci gaba. Hasken wayo da haɗin kai, haɗa direbobi tare da da'irar sarrafawa don farin haske mai daidaitawa (daidaitawar CCT) da cikakkun iyawar launi, yana zama mafi yaduwa. Bugu da ƙari, ana ci gaba da haɓaka aminci da tsawon rayuwa a ƙarƙashin yanayin aiki mai zafi ta hanyar ingantattun kayan da fasahohin kunshewa. Masana'antar kuma tana ganin turawa zuwa daidaitattun bayanan aiki da yanayin gwaji don ba da damar yin kwatancen daidaito tsakanin samfuran daga masana'anta daban-daban.