Takardar Bayanin LED - Tsarin Rayuwa: Sake Dubawa Na 1 - Ranar Saki: 2012-06-18 - Takardar Fasaha ta Hausa

1. Bayyana Samfurin

Wannan takardar bayanan fasaha ta shafi wani takamaiman sake dubawa na kayan LED. Babban bayanin da aka bayar yana nuna cewa kayan yana cikin sake dubawarsa na farko (Sake Dubawa Na 1) kuma an fitar da shi a hukumance a ranar 18 ga Yuni, 2012. Matakin rayuwar da ke cikin 'Sake Dubawa' yana nuna cewa wannan takarda ta maye gurbin sigar da ta gabata, tana haɗa sabuntawa, gyare-gyare, ko ingantattun abubuwa bisa ci gaba, gwaji, ko ra'ayi. Bayanin 'Lokacin Ƙarewa: Har Abada' yana nuna cewa wannan sake dubawa ba shi da ƙayyadaddun lokacin ƙarewa don ingancinsa a ƙarƙashin daidaitattun yanayi, ma'ana ana ɗaukar ƙayyadaddun bayanai a matsayin tabbatacce kuma na ƙarshe ga wannan sigar samfurin. Wannan takarda ita ce tushen hujja ga duk ƙayyadaddun fasaha, bayanan aiki, da umarnin sarrafa wannan takamaiman sake dubawa.

1.1 Fa'idodi na Asali

Babban fa'idar wannan kayan yana cikin yanayin sake dubawarsa da aka rubuta kuma ya tsaya tsayin daka. Kasancewar samfurin 'Sake Dubawa Na 1' yana nuna cewa matakan ƙira na farko sun cika, kuma kayan ya sha zagaye na bita da ingantawa. Wannan yana ba injiniyoyi da masu ƙira tsarin ƙayyadaddun bayanai masu dogaro tare da rage haɗarin canje-canjen da ba a ƙayyade ba idan aka kwatanta da sigar kafin fitarwa ko na farko. Ƙayyadaddun ranar saki yana ba da damar sarrafa siga daidai a cikin Lissafin Kayan (BOM) da sarrafa sarkar samarwa.

1.2 Kasuwar da Ake Nufi

An yi niyya ga wannan kayan ga masana'antar kera kayan lantarki gabaɗaya, musamman sassan da ke buƙatar kayan aiki masu tsayayye, waɗanda aka rubuta don tsawon rayuwar samfurin na tsaka-tsaki zuwa na dogon lokaci. Aikace-aikace na iya haɗawa da na'urorin lantarki na masu amfani, sarrafa masana'antu, hasken cikin mota, da hasken gabaɗaya inda aikin da ya dace bisa takamaiman takardar bayanai ke da mahimmanci don sake samar da ƙira da tabbatar da inganci.

2. Bincike Mai zurfi na Ƙayyadaddun Fasaha

Duk da cewa ɓangaren da aka bayar yana da iyaka, cikakkiyar takardar bayanai na kayan LED za ta ƙunshi sassan masu zuwa tare da cikakkun ƙayyadaddun bayanai. Ƙimar da ke ƙasa misalai ne na misali bisa daidaitattun ƙa'idodin masana'antu na wannan zamani na kayan.

2.1 Halayen Hoto da Launi

Halayen hoto suna ayyana fitowar haske da inganci. Muhimman ƙayyadaddun bayanai sun haɗa da Flux mai haske, wanda zai iya kasancewa daga lumens 20 zuwa 120 dangane da fasahar guntu LED da ƙimar wutar lantarki. Tsawon Zango mai rinjaye ko Zazzabi mai alaƙa da Launi (CCT) yana ƙayyade launin hasken da ake fitarwa; ga LED masu fari, CCT na gama gari sune 2700K (fari mai dumi), 4000K (fari mai tsaka-tsaki), da 6500K (fari mai sanyi). Ma'aunin Nuna Launi (CRI) shine ma'aunin yadda launuka suke bayyana a ƙarƙashin haske, tare da ƙimar sama da 80 kasancewa na gama gari don hasken gabaɗaya. Kusurwar kallo, sau da yawa tsakanin digiri 120 zuwa 140, tana bayyana yadda haske ke yaɗuwa.

2.2 Ƙayyadaddun Lantarki

Ƙayyadaddun lantarki suna da mahimmanci don ƙirar da'ira. Ƙarfin lantarki na Gaba (Vf) shine raguwar ƙarfin lantarki a kan LED lokacin da yake aiki a ƙimar halin yanzu. Ga LED mai ƙarfi na yau da kullun, wannan zai iya kasancewa a cikin kewayon 2.8V zuwa 3.6V. Halin yanzu na Gaba (If) shine halin yanzu na aiki da aka ba da shawarar, kamar 150mA, 350mA, ko 700mA. Dole ne a kiyaye ƙimar iyaka don ƙarfin lantarki na baya (misali, 5V) da iyakar halin yanzu na gaba don hana lalacewa. Takardar bayanai kuma za ta ƙayyade juriya mai ƙarfi.

2.3 Halayen Zafi

Aikin LED da tsawon rayuwarsa sun dogara sosai akan sarrafa zafi. Juriyar Zafi daga Junction zuwa Yanayi (RθJA) tana nuna yadda zafi zai iya fita daga guntun LED zuwa muhalli; ƙimar ƙasa (misali, 10-20 °C/W) ya fi kyau. Matsakaicin Zazzabi na Junction (Tj max), sau da yawa 125°C ko 150°C, shine iyakar cikakkiya. Yin aiki da LED a ƙasa da wannan zazzabin, da kyau a ƙasa da 85°C a junction, yana da mahimmanci don kiyaye fitowar haske da cimma ƙimar rayuwa (sau da yawa ana bayyana shi azaman lokacin har sai fitowar lumen ta ragu zuwa 70% na ƙimar farko, L70).

3. Bayanin Tsarin Rarraba

Samar da LED yana haifar da bambance-bambance. Rarraba yana haɗa LED tare da halaye iri ɗaya don tabbatar da daidaito.

3.1 Rarraba Tsawon Zango/Zazzabin Launi

Ana rarraba LED zuwa kwandon shara bisa tsawon zangonsu mai rinjaye (ga LED masu launi) ko Zazzabi mai alaƙa da Launi (ga LED masu fari). Tsarin rarraba na gama gari na LED masu fari na iya samun matakai na 50K ko 100K a cikin ƙayyadaddun kewayon CCT (misali, 5000K-5300K). Wannan yana tabbatar da daidaiton launi a cikin kayan haske.

3.2 Rarraba Flux mai haske

Hakanan ana rarraba LED bisa ga fitowar haskensu a takamaiman gwajin halin yanzu. Lambar kwandon shara na flux (misali, P2, Q3) yayi daidai da ƙayyadaddun kewayon lumens. Wannan yana ba masu ƙira damar zaɓar LED waɗanda suka cika mafi ƙarancin buƙatun haske don aikace-aikacensu.

3.3 Rarraba Ƙarfin Lantarki na Gaba

Kwandon shara na Ƙarfin lantarki na Gaba (Vf) yana haɗa LED tare da raguwar ƙarfin lantarki iri ɗaya. Wannan yana da mahimmanci don ƙirar da'irori masu inganci da kuma tabbatar da rarraba halin yanzu daidai lokacin da aka haɗa LED da yawa a layi daya.

4. Binciken Lanƙwasa Aiki

Bayanan hoto suna ba da haske mai zurfi fiye da ƙayyadaddun bayanai na tebur kawai.

4.1 Lanƙwasa Halin yanzu da Ƙarfin lantarki (I-V)

Lanƙwasa I-V tana nuna alaƙar da ke tsakanin halin yanzu na gaba da ƙarfin lantarki na gaba. Ba ta da layi, tana nuna ƙarfin lantarki na 'gwiwa' wanda a ƙasa da shi ƙaramin halin yanzu ke gudana. Lanƙwasa tana taimakawa wajen zaɓar hanyar tuƙi da ta dace (halin yanzu mai tsayayye da ƙarfin lantarki mai tsayayye) da fahimtar tasirin ƙananan canje-canjen ƙarfin lantarki akan halin yanzu.

4.2 Halayen Zazzabi

Hotuna yawanci suna nuna yadda ƙarfin lantarki na gaba ke raguwa tare da ƙara zazzabin junction (ma'auni mara kyau) da yadda flux mai haske ke raguwa tare da hawan zazzabi. Waɗannan lanƙwasa suna da mahimmanci don ƙirar zafi; rashin kyau na nutsewar zafi zai haifar da raguwar fitowar haske da haɓaka tsufa.

4.3 Rarraba Ƙarfin Bakan

Wannan hoto yana nuna ƙarfin hasken da ake fitarwa a kowane tsawon zango. Ga LED masu fari (yawanci guntu shuɗi + phosphor), yana nuna kololuwar shuɗi daga guntun da kuma mafi faɗin fitowar rawaya/ja daga phosphor. Siffar lanƙwasa tana ƙayyade CCT da CRI.

5. Bayanin Injiniya da Kunshin

Kunshin na zahiri yana tabbatar da haɗin lantarki mai dogaro da kuma zubar da zafi.

5.1 Zanen Tsari na Girma

Cikakken zane tare da duk mahimman girma: tsawon gabaɗaya, faɗi, da tsayi (misali, 5.0mm x 5.0mm x 1.6mm), siffar ruwan tabarau da girma, da wurin siffofin hawa. An ƙayyade ƙimar jurewa ga kowane girma.

5.2 Tsarin Kafet ɗin da Ƙirar Kafet ɗin Solder

An ba da shafin ƙafa da aka ba da shawarar don PCB, gami da girman kafet ɗin, siffa, da tazara. Wannan yana da mahimmanci don ƙirar daidaitaccen tsarin ƙasa a cikin software na ƙirar PCB don tabbatar da ingantaccen solder da kwanciyar hankali na injiniya.

5.3 Gano Polarity

Hanyar gano tashoshi na anode (+) da cathode (-) an nuna su a sarari, yawanci ta hanyar alama akan kunshin (digon, tsaga, ko yanke kusurwa), mafi tsayin jagora (don rami), ko an yiwa lakabi a cikin zanen shafin ƙafa.

6. Jagororin Solder da Haɗawa

Ana buƙatar sarrafa daidai don kiyaye dogaro.

6.1 Bayanin Solder na Reflow

An ba da cikakken bayanin zazzabi da lokaci, yana ƙayyadadden matakan dumama, jiƙa, sake kwarara (kololuwar zazzabi), da matakan sanyaya. An ba da iyakokin zazzabi (misali, 260°C na dakika 10) don hana lalata kunshin LED ko ruwan tabarau.

6.2 Kariya da Sarrafawa

Umarnin sun haɗa da gargaɗi game da yin amfani da matsin lamba na injiniya akan ruwan tabarau, amfani da kariyar ESD yayin sarrafawa, guje wa gurɓata saman ruwan tabarau, da rashin tsaftacewa tare da wasu kaushi. An kuma bayyana shawarwari don yanayin ajiya (zazzabi da zafi).

7. Bayanin Kunshin da Oda

Bayanai don saye da dabaru.

7.1 Ƙayyadaddun Kunshin

Yana bayyana tsarin kunshin: ƙayyadaddun tef da reel (faɗin tef ɗin mai ɗauka, tazarar aljihu, diamita na reel), adadin kowane reel (misali, 1000 ko 4000 guda), ko cikakkun bayanan kunshin tire.

7.2 Dokar Lambar Model

Yana bayyana tsarin lambar sashi. Lambar samfur na yau da kullun tana ɓoye mahimman halaye kamar launi (misali, W don fari), kwandon shara na flux, kwandon shara na zazzabin launi, kwandon shara na ƙarfin lantarki, da nau'in kunshin. Wannan yana ba da damar yin oda daidai na haɗin aikin da ake so.

8. Shawarwarin Aikace-aikace

8.1 Da'irori na Aikace-aikacen Yau da Kullun

Sau da yawa ana haɗa zane-zane don da'irori na tuƙi na asali, kamar da'ira mai sauƙi na resistor na jerin don LED masu ƙarancin halin yanzu ko da'irar direba mai tsayayyen halin yanzu ta amfani da takamaiman IC ko transistor don LED masu ƙarfi. Ana iya ba da lissafin ƙira.

8.2 Abubuwan da Ake La'akari da Ƙira

Mahimman abubuwan da ake la'akari da su sun haɗa da: amfani da direba mai tsayayyen halin yanzu don tsayayyen haske da tsawon rai; aiwatar da isasshen yanki na tagulla na PCB ko allon ƙarfe na asali don nutsewar zafi; tabbatar da ƙirar gani (ruwan tabarau, masu nunawa) sun dace da kusurwar kallon LED; da kariya daga zubar da lantarki mai tsauri (ESD) da ƙarfin lantarki na wucin gadi.

9. Kwatancen Fasaha

Duk da cewa kwatancen kai tsaye ba zai yiwu ba tare da takamaiman mai fafatawa ba, fa'idodin wannan sake dubawa (Rev 1) yawanci za su haɗa da ƙayyadaddun bayanai da aka ƙare kuma aka tabbatar, yuwuwar ingantattun ma'auni na aiki (misali, ingantaccen inganci ko mafi kyawun daidaiton launi) akan samfuri, da kuma tabbacin samar da sassa iri ɗaya masu tsayayye na tsawon lokacin sake zagayowar samar da samfur.

10. Tambayoyin da Ake Yawan Yi (FAQ)

Q: Me ake nufi da 'Matakin Rayuwa: Sake Dubawa'?

A: Yana nuna cewa wannan sigar takardar bayanin samfur ce da aka sake dubawa kuma aka ƙare, tana ɗauke da ƙayyadaddun bayanai na hukuma don samarwa da ƙira.

Q: Zan iya amfani da matsakaicin halin yanzu na gaba akai-akai?

A: Matsakaicin halin yanzu shine ƙimar cikakkiya. Don aiki mai dogaro na dogon lokaci, ana ba da shawarar tuƙi LED a ko ƙasa da matsakaicin halin yanzu na gaba da aka ƙayyade a cikin teburin ƙayyadaddun lantarki, tare da ingantaccen sarrafa zafi.

Q: Yaya mahimmanci sarrafa zafi?

A: Yana da matuƙar mahimmanci. Wuce gona da iri na matsakaicin zazzabin junction zai rage fitowar lumen da tsawon rai sosai. Koyaushe ku bi jagororin juriyar zafi kuma ku ƙira daidaitaccen mai nutsewar zafi.

11. Misalin Amfani na Aiki

Labari: Ƙirar Hasken Panel LED.Wani injiniya yana amfani da wannan takardar bayanai don zaɓar LED waɗanda aka yi musu kwandon shara don CCT 4000K da takamaiman kwandon shara na flux don cimma manufar lumens kowane kayan aiki. Ana amfani da lanƙwasa I-V da bayanan juriyar zafi don ƙirar direba mai tsayayyen halin yanzu da mai nutsewar zafi na aluminum. Zanen injiniya yana tabbatar da cewa tsarin PCB yana da daidaitaccen tazarar kafet ɗin, kuma an shirya bayanin sake kwarara a cikin tanda na solder na layin samarwa. Matsayin 'Sake Dubawa Na 1' yana ba da kwarin gwiwa cewa ƙayyadaddun bayanan kayan ba za su canza ba tare da tsammani ba yayin samar da hasken panel na shekaru da yawa.

12. Ƙa'idar Aiki

Diodes masu fitar da haske (LEDs) na'urori ne na semiconductor waɗanda ke fitar da haske ta hanyar electroluminescence. Lokacin da aka yi amfani da ƙarfin lantarki na gaba a kan junction p-n, electrons suna sake haɗuwa tare da ramuka, suna sakin makamashi a cikin nau'in photons. Tsawon zango (launi) na haske an ƙaddara shi ta hanyar tazarar bandgap na kayan semiconductor. LED masu fari yawanci ana ƙirƙira su ta hanyar amfani da guntu LED shuɗi da aka lulluɓe da phosphor rawaya; wasu daga cikin hasken shuɗi ana canza su zuwa rawaya, kuma cakuda shuɗi da hasken rawaya ana ganinsa a matsayin fari. Gaurayawan phosphor daban-daban suna samar da zazzabi mai alaƙa da launi (CCT) daban-daban.

13. Trends na Fasaha

Tun daga ranar saki na 2012 na wannan sake dubawa, fasahar LED ta ci gaba da haɓaka. Trends sun haɗa da haɓaka mai mahimmanci a cikin ingantaccen haske (lumens kowane watt), yana ba da damar haske mai haske da mafi inganci. Ingancin launi ya inganta, tare da LED masu babban CRI (90+) suna zama mafi gama gari kuma mai araha. Ƙananan ƙira ya ci gaba, tare da ƙananan fakitin da ke ba da fitowar haske mafi girma. Hasken wayo da haɗin kai, wanda ke nuna haɗakar da'irar sarrafawa, ya fito a matsayin babban yanki na aikace-aikace. Bugu da ƙari, ana ƙara mai da hankali kan inganci, dogaro, da daidaitattun hanyoyin gwaji don tabbatar da aiki na dogon lokaci yayin da ake amfani da LED a cikin aikace-aikace masu ƙarfi.