Takardar Bayanin Kayan LED - Sake Dubawa Na 2 - Bayanin Tsarin Rayuwa - Takardar Fasaha Ta Turanci

1. Bayyani Game da Samfur

Wannan takardar bayanan fasaha tana ba da cikakken bayani game da sashen LED, tare da mai da hankali kan sarrafa tsarin rayuwarsa da tarihin sake dubawa. Takardar tana da mahimmanci ga injiniyoyi, ƙwararrun sayayya, da ƙungiyoyin tabbatar da inganci don tabbatar da cewa an yi amfani da ingantaccen sigar sashen a cikin samarwa da ƙira. Babban bayanin ya ta'allaka ne kan sakin hukuma da ingancin dindindin na Sake Dubawa na 2 na ƙayyadaddun samfur.

Babban manufar wannan takardar ita ce ta zama cikakkiyar ma'ana don bayanan fasaha na sashen, tare da tabbatar da daidaito da amincin aikace-aikacensa a cikin ƙira na lantarki daban-daban. Tana kafa ƙayyadaddun ma'auni da halaye waɗanda ke bayyana aikin sashen da dacewarsa.

2. Bayanin Tsarin Rayuwa da Sake Dubawa

Takardar bayanan ta bayyana a fili yanayin yanzu na takardun samfur da lokacin ingancinsa.

2.1 Matakin Tsarin Rayuwa

An rubuta sashen a cikinSake Dubawamatakin. Wannan yana nuna cewa samfur da ƙayyadaddun sa sun sami sabuntawa ko gyare-gyare daga sigar da ta gabata. An bayyana lambar sake dubawa a fili kamar2, yana ba da tarihin tarihi mai iya bin sawa don takardun.

2.2 Ingancin Takardar

TheLokacin da ya ƙarena wannan sake dubawa an ƙayyade shi azamanHar Abada. Wannan yana nuna cewa sai dai an maye gurbinsa da sabon sake dubawa (misali, Sake Dubawa na 3), wannan takardar za ta kasance aiki kuma ingantacciyar ƙayyadaddun bayanai na sashen har abada. Babu wani tsare-tsaren da aka tsara don watsi da wannan sake dubawa na takardar bayanan.

2.3 Ranar Saki

HukumaRanar Sakina Sake Dubawa na 2 ita ce2014-12-10 09:55:35.0. Wannan alamar lokaci tana da mahimmanci don sarrafa siga, yana ba masu amfani damar tabbatar da cewa suna komawa ga ingantacciyar kuma mafi sabon bugu na ƙayyadaddun bayanai a kowane lokaci.

3. Zurfin Fassarar Ma'anar Ma'auni na Fasaha

Duk da cewa guntun rubutun da aka bayar yana da iyaka, takardar bayanan LED na yau da kullun dangane da wannan taken tsarin rayuwa zai ƙunshi cikakkun ma'auni na fasaha. Sashe masu zuwa suna ƙara bayani game da abubuwan da aka saba samu a cikin irin waɗannan takardu.

3.1 Halayen Haske (Photometric)

Wannan sashe yana ƙididdige kaddarorin da suka shafi haske na LED. Ma'auni mahimman da aka saba haɗawa sun haɗa da ƙarfin haske (wanda aka auna a cikin lumens), wanda ke nuna jimillar ƙarfin haske da ake fitarwa. Tsawon zango ko kuma daidaitaccen zafin launi (CCT) yana bayyana launin hasken, ko yana da zafi mai dumi, sanyi mai sanyi, ko takamaiman launi kamar ja ko shuɗi. Ma'auni na launi (misali, CIE x, y) suna ba da cikakken bayanin lambobi na wurin launi akan zanen sararin launi. Kusurwar kallo tana ƙayyade kewayon kusurwar da ƙarfin haske ya kasance aƙalla rabin ƙimar ƙimarsa, yana rinjayar tsarin katako.

3.2 Ma'auni na Lantarki

Ƙayyadaddun lantarki suna da mahimmanci ga ƙirar kewaye. Ƙarfin lantarki na gaba (Vf) shine raguwar ƙarfin lantarki a kan LED lokacin da yake aiki a ƙimar halin yanzu. Yawanci ana ƙayyade shi a takamaiman gwajin halin yanzu (misali, 20mA, 350mA). Halin yanzu na gaba (If) shine shawarar halin yanzu na aiki don cimma ƙayyadaddun fitarwar haske. Ƙarfin lantarki na baya (Vr) yana nuna matsakaicin ƙarfin lantarki da LED zai iya jurewa a cikin hanyar da ba ta wucewa ba ba tare da lalacewa ba. Ragewar wutar lantarki ana ƙididdige shi daga Vf da If, yana ƙayyade buƙatun sarrafa zafi.

3.3 Halayen Zafi (Thermal)

Aikin LED da tsawon rayuwarsa suna da tasiri sosai ta hanyar zafin jiki. Zafin haɗin gwiwa (Tj) shine zafin jiki a guntun semiconductor da kansa, wanda ya kamata a kiyaye shi ƙasa da takamaiman matsakaici (misali, 125°C) don tabbatar da amincin. Resistance na thermal (Rth j-a) yana ƙididdige yadda zafi ke tafiya yadda ya kamata daga haɗin gwiwa zuwa yanayin muhalli; ƙimar ƙasa tana nuna ingantaccen rage zafi. Waɗannan ma'auni suna jagorantar ƙirar masu sanyaya zafi da tsarin PCB don sarrafa nauyin zafi yadda ya kamata.

4. Bayanin Tsarin Rarraba (Binning)

Bambance-bambancen masana'antu suna haifar da ɗan bambanci tsakanin LED ɗaya. Tsarin rarraba yana haɗa abubuwan da ke da halaye iri ɗaya don tabbatar da daidaito a aikace-aikace.

4.1 Rarraba Tsawon Zango / Zafin Launi (Wavelength/Color Temperature Binning)

Ana rarraba LED ɗin zuwa rukunoni dangane da daidaitaccen tsawon zango (don LED ɗin launi ɗaya) ko daidaitaccen zafin launi (don fararen LED). Wannan yana tabbatar da kamannin launi iri ɗaya lokacin da aka yi amfani da LED da yawa a cikin kayan aiki guda ɗaya, kamar a cikin fitilun panel ko nunin. Ana bayyana rukunoni ta hanyar kewayon akan zanen launi na CIE.

4.2 Rarraba Ƙarfin Haske (Luminous Flux Binning)

Hakanan ana rarraba abubuwan da suka dace da fitarwar haske. Lambar rukunin ƙarfin haske (misali, L1, L2, L3) tana nuna mafi ƙarancin da matsakaicin ƙarfin haske da rukunin LED zai bayar lokacin da aka tuka su a ƙarƙashin daidaitattun yanayin gwaji. Wannan yana ba masu ƙira damar zaɓar matakin haske da ya dace don aikace-aikacensu da kuma hasashen aikin samfur na ƙarshe.

4.3 Rarraba Ƙarfin Lantarki na Gaba (Forward Voltage Binning)

Don taimakawa wajen ƙirar wutar lantarki da daidaita halin yanzu a cikin jerin/layuka masu layi, ana rarraba LED ɗin ta hanyar ƙarfin lantarki na gaba (Vf). Yin amfani da LED daga rukunin Vf ɗaya yana taimakawa wajen cimma rarraba halin yanzu iri ɗaya, yana hana wasu LED ɗin samun tuƙi fiye da kima yayin da wasu ke ƙarƙashin tuƙi, wanda ke inganta inganci da tsawon rai.

5. Bincike akan Lakatunan Aiki (Performance Curves)

Bayanan hoto suna ba da zurfin fahimta game da halayen sashe a ƙarƙashin yanayi daban-daban.

5.1 Lakatun Halin yanzu da Ƙarfin Lantarki (I-V Curve)

Wannan mahimmin lakatun yana nuna alaƙar tsakanin halin yanzu na gaba ta hanyar LED da ƙarfin lantarki a cikinsa. Ba shi da layi, yana nuna ƙofar ƙarfin lantarki. Lakatun yana da mahimmanci ga ƙirar kewayen tuƙi, ko yana da sauƙin resistor mai iyakance halin yanzu ko direba mai dorewa, don tabbatar da aiki mai ƙarfi.

5.2 Halayen Zafin Jiki (Temperature Characteristics)

Lakatuna yawanci suna nuna yadda ƙarfin haske da ƙarfin lantarki na gaba ke canzawa tare da haɓakar zafin haɗin gwiwa. Fitowar haske gabaɗaya yana raguwa yayin da zafin jiki ya tashi (thermal quenching), yayin da ƙarfin lantarki na gaba yawanci yana raguwa kaɗan. Fahimtar waɗannan lakatunan yana da mahimmanci ga ƙirar tsarin da ke kiyaye aiki mai daidaito a cikin kewayon zafin aiki.

5.3 Rarraba Ƙarfin Haske a cikin Bakan (Spectral Power Distribution)

Don fararen LED, wannan lakatun yana nuna ƙarfin haske mai alaƙa a cikin bakan da ake iya gani. Yana bayyana kololuwar LED ɗin shuɗi da fitarwar phosphor mai faɗi. Siffar bakan tana ƙayyade Ma'auni na Nunin Launi (CRI), wanda ke auna yadda tushen haske ke bayyana launukan abubuwa daidai da ma'anar yanayi.

6. Bayanin Ƙirar Jiki da Kunshewa

Ƙayyadaddun jiki suna tabbatar da haɗawa yadda ya kamata cikin samfur na ƙarshe.

6.1 Zanen Bayanin Girma (Dimensional Outline)

Cikakken zane yana ba da daidaitattun ma'auni don kunshin LED, gami da tsayi, faɗi, tsayi, da kowane lanƙwasa ruwan tabarau. Ma'auni masu mahimmanci kamar nisa daga guntun LED zuwa saman ruwan tabarau kuma ana iya ƙayyade su, saboda wannan yana rinjayar ƙirar gani.

6.2 Ƙirar Shafin Hada (Pad Layout Design)

An ƙayyade sawun PCB (tsarin ƙasa), yana nuna girman da aka ba da shawarar, siffa, da tazara na shafunan solder. Yin bin wannan ƙirar yana da mahimmanci don cimma haɗin gwiwa mai aminci, daidaitaccen jeri, da ingantaccen canja wurin zafi daga LED zuwa allon kewaye.

6.3 Gano Ƙarshen Lantarki (Polarity Identification)

Hanyar gano tashoshi na anode (+) da cathode (-) an nuna su a fili. Ana yin hakan sau da yawa ta hanyar alama akan kunshin (kamar tsaga, ɗigo, ko yanke kusurwa), tsayin jagora daban-daban, ko ƙirar shafi mara daidaituwa. Daidaitaccen ƙarshen lantarki yana da mahimmanci don LED ya yi aiki.

7. Jagororin Hada da Haɗawa

Daidaitaccen sarrafawa da sarrafawa sune maɓalli ga aminci.

7.1 Ma'auni na Hada ta hanyar Zafi (Reflow Soldering Parameters)

An ba da shawarar bayanin martaba na sake kunnawa, gami da preheat, jiƙa, sake kunnawa (matsakaicin zafin jiki), da ƙimar sanyaya. An ƙayyade matsakaicin zafin jiki da aka yarda da tsawon lokaci a matsakaicin zafin jiki don hana lalata kayan ciki na LED, kamar ruwan tabarau na filastik ko igiyoyin haɗin gwiwa.

7.2 Abubuwan da za a Yi Hattara da Kula da su

Jagororin sun haɗa da gargaɗi game da yin amfani da matsin lamba na injiniya ga ruwan tabarau, yin amfani da kariyar ESD (Electrostatic Discharge) da ta dace yayin sarrafawa, da kuma guje wa gurɓata saman gani. Hakanan ana iya ba da shawarar hanyoyin tsaftacewa masu dacewa da kayan kunshin.

7.3 Yanayin Ajiya

An ƙayyade yanayin ajiya na dogon lokaci da aka ba da shawarar don adana abin da za a iya solder da kuma hana shan danshi, wanda zai iya haifar da "popcorning" yayin sake kunnawa. Wannan sau da yawa ya haɗa da adana abubuwan a cikin yanayi mai bushewa (ƙarancin danshi) a matsakaicin zafin jiki.

8. Bayanin Kunshewa da Oda

Bayanai don dabaru da sayayya.

8.1 Ƙayyadaddun Kunshewa

Cikakkun bayanai kan yadda ake samar da LED ɗin, kamar girman tef ɗin da aka zana da reel (misali, ma'auni na EIA-481), adadin kowane reel, da diamita na reel. Wannan bayanin yana da mahimmanci don saita injunan haɗawa na karba da sanyawa ta atomatik.

8.2 Alama da Lambar Sashe (Labeling and Part Numbering)

An bayyana tsarin lambar sashe na samfur. Yawanci yana ɓoye mahimman halaye kamar launi, rukunin ƙarfin haske, rukunin ƙarfin lantarki, da nau'in kunshin. Fahimtar wannan nomenclature yana da mahimmanci don ƙayyadaddun daidai da oda bambancin sashe da ake so.

9. Shawarwari na Aikace-aikace

9.1 Misalan Yanayin Aikace-aikace na Yau da Kullun

Dangane da ma'aunansa na fasaha (wanda za a iya fassara shi daga cikakken takardar bayanan), wannan LED zai dace da aikace-aikace kamar hasken gabaɗaya (kwan fitila, bututu), hasken baya don LCDs, hasken mota (ciki, sigina), da hasken kayan ado. Takamaiman ƙarfin haske, launi, da kusurwar kallo za su ƙayyade mafi dacewa.

9.2 Abubuwan da za a Yi la'akari da su a Ƙirar

Shawara mai mahimmanci ta ƙirar ta haɗa da: amfani da direba mai dorewa don fitarwar haske mai ƙarfi; aiwatar da ingantaccen sarrafa zafi akan PCB (ramukan zafi, yankin tagulla); la'akari da abubuwan gani (ruwan tabarau, masu watsawa) dangane da tsarin katako da ake so; da kuma tabbatar da kariyar lantarki daga canje-canjen ƙarfin lantarki ko ƙarshen lantarki na baya.

10. Kwatancen Fasaha da Bambance-bambance

Duk da cewa kwatancen kai tsaye yana buƙatar takardar bayanan abokin hamayya na musamman, fa'idodin wannan sashe (wanda aka nuna ta hanyar ƙayyadaddun sa) na iya haɗawa da ingantaccen ƙarfin haske (lumens a kowace watt), ingantaccen daidaiton launi saboda ƙaƙƙarfan tsarin rarraba (tight binning), ƙarfin aikin zafi wanda ke ba da damar yin amfani da ƙarfin halin yanzu mafi girma, ko ƙaramin girman kunshewa wanda ke ba da damar ƙirar PCB mai yawa.

11. Tambayoyin da ake yawan yi (FAQs)

Q: Me "Matakin Tsarin Rayuwa: Sake Dubawa" ke nufi ga ƙirar na?

A: Yana nufin kuna amfani da sabunta sigar ƙayyadaddun samfur. Koyaushe ku tabbatar cewa Lissafin Kaya (BOM) na ku yana komawa ga Sake Dubawa na 2 don tabbatar da cewa abubuwan da kuka karɓa sun dace da aikin da aka rubuta.

Q: Lokacin da ya ƙare shine "Har Abada." Shin wannan yana nufin samfur ba zai taɓa zama tsoho ba?

A> A'a, yana nufin musamman ga wannan sake dubawa na *takardar bayanan*. Samfur da kansa ƙila a ƙarshe ya daina, amma wannan takardar za ta kasance ingantacciyar ma'ana don abubuwan Sake Dubawa na 2 muddin suna cikin amfani ko akwai.

Q: Ta yaya zan tabbata cewa na sami LED ɗin daga rukunin aiki ɗaya don aikin na?

A: Ƙayyade cikakkiyar lambar sashe, wanda ya haɗa da lambobin rukunin don ƙarfin haske, launi, da ƙarfin lantarki, lokacin yin oda. Yi aiki tare da mai rarrabawa don samun isasshen adadi daga rukunin masana'antu ɗaya ko rukunin.

12. Misalan Amfani na Aiki

Nazarin Shari'a 1: Kayan Aikin LED na Layi.Mai zane yana amfani da lakatun I-V da bayanan juriya na zafi don ƙirar aikin LED 50 a jere. Suna ƙididdige jimillar ƙarfin lantarki na gaba da ƙarfin lantarki mai aiki da ake buƙata, kuma suna ƙirar PCB na aluminum tare da isasshen nauyin zafi don kiyaye zafin haɗin gwiwa ƙasa da 105°C, yana tabbatar da kula da lumen na dogon lokaci.

Nazarin Shari'a 2: Kwan Fitila na Masu Amfani.Masana'anta suna zaɓar takamaiman rukunin ƙarfin haske da zafin launi don cika buƙatun Tauraro mai ƙarfi da kuma cimma kamanni mai dumi mai daidaito. Suna amfani da bayanin martaba na sake kunnawa daga takardar bayanan don saita layin haɗin su na SMT, yana hana asarar yawan amfanin ƙasa saboda lalacewar zafi yayin haɗawa.

13. Gabatarwa akan Ƙa'idar Aiki

LED diode ne na semiconductor. Lokacin da aka yi amfani da ƙarfin lantarki na gaba, electrons daga semiconductor na n-type suna sake haɗuwa da ramuka daga semiconductor na p-type a cikin yanki mai aiki, suna sakin makamashi a cikin nau'in photons (haske). Tsawon zango (launi) na hasken da aka fitar yana ƙayyade ta hanyar tazarar makamashi na kayan semiconductor da aka yi amfani da su (misali, InGaN don shuɗi/kore, AlInGaP don ja/amber). Ana yin fararen LED gabaɗaya ta hanyar lulluɓe guntun LED shuɗi da wani abu na phosphor wanda ke ɗaukar wasu hasken shuɗi kuma ya sake fitar da shi azaman mafi faɗin bakan na hasken rawaya; cakuda hasken shuɗi da rawaya ana ganinsa azaman fari.

14. Trends na Fasaha

Masana'antar LED na ci gaba da haɓakawa. Manyan trends sun haɗa da: haɓaka ƙarfin haske, tura sama da lumens 200 a kowace watt a cikin samfuran kasuwanci; inganta ingancin launi, tare da babban CRI (CRI>90) da cikakkun LED na bakan suna zama ruwan dare gama gari; haɓaka fasahar Mini-LED da Micro-LED don nunin ƙarni na gaba; ingantaccen aminci da tsawon rai, musamman ga aikace-aikace masu buƙatu kamar fitilun mota; da haɗa fasalulluka na wayo, kamar direbobi na ciki da damar daidaita launi. Waɗannan ci gaban suna haifar da kimiyyar kayan, ƙirƙira na kunshin, da ƙarin ingantattun hanyoyin masana'antu.