Bayanin Kayan LED - Sake Dubawa na 2 - Ranar Saki 2014-12-05 - Takardar Fasaha ta Hausa

1. Bayyana Samfurin

Wannan takardar bayanin fasaha tana ba da cikakken bayani game da kayan LED, tana mai da hankali kan sarrafa rayuwarsa da tarihin sake dubawa. Babban manufar wannan takarda ita ce ta zama cikakkiyar ma'ana ga injiniyoyi, masu zane, da ƙwararrun sayayya waɗanda ke shiga cikin haɗa wannan kayan cikin tsarin lantarki. Babban fa'idar wannan kayan yana cikin rubuce-rubucen da aka sarrafa na rayuwarsa, yana tabbatar da daidaito da amincin ayyukan dogon lokaci. Kasuwar da aka yi niyya ta haɗa da sarrafa kai ta masana'antu, na'urorin lantarki na mabukaci, da aikace-aikacen haske gabaɗaya inda bin diddigin kayan da sarrafa sigogi ke da muhimmanci.

2. Bayanan Rayuwa da Sake Dubawa

Takardar a koyaushe tana nuna matakin rayuwa guda ɗaya, mai ƙarfi don kayan. Matakin Rayuwa an ƙayyade shi azaman Sake Dubawa, tare da ƙimar 2. Wannan yana nuna cewa kayan yana cikin yanayin da aka sake dubawa, yana nuna sabuntawa ko ingantawa daga sigar da ta gabata (Sake Dubawa na 1). Lokacin da ya ƙare an lura da shi azaman Har Abada, wanda ke nuna cewa wannan sake dubawar kayan ba shi da ranar da aka tsara don lalacewa kuma an yi niyya don samarwa da tallafi na har abada, wani muhimmin al'amari ga samfuran dogon rayuwa. Ranar Saki an rubuta shi daidai kamar 2014-12-05 12:01:55.0. Wannan alamar lokaci tana ba da mahimmin bin diddigi, yana ba masu amfani damar gano ainihin rukunin masana'anta ko saitin takardu masu alaƙa da wannan sake dubawa.

3. Zurfin Fassarar Manufa na Ma'auni na Fasaha

Yayin da gajeriyar PDF ɗin da aka bayar ta mai da hankali kan bayanan gudanarwa, cikakkiyar takardar bayanin kayan LED za ta haɗa da sassan ma'auni na fasaha masu zuwa, waɗanda aka fassara a nan don bayyanawa.

3.1 Halayen Hoto da Launi

Wannan sashe zai yi cikakken bayani game da kaddarorin fitar da haske. Muhimman ma'auni sun haɗa da Matsakaicin Tsawon Zango ko Matsakaicin Zafin Jiki na Launi (CCT), wanda aka auna shi a cikin nanometers (nm) ko Kelvins (K), yana ayyana launin hasken da ake gani. Ƙarfin Hasken Hasken shine ma'auni mai mahimmanci na jimillar hasken da ake iya gani, wanda aka bayyana shi a cikin lumens (lm). Ƙarfin Hasken Hasken, wanda aka auna shi a cikin millicandelas (mcd), yana nuna haske a takamaiman shugabanci.Fihirisar Bayyana Launi (CRI) za a ƙayyade shi don LED ɗin fari, yana nuna yadda tushen haske ke bayyana ainihin launukan abubuwa daidai.

3.2 Ma'auni na Lantarki

Wannan yana ayyana yanayin aiki don LED. Ƙarfin Lantarki na Gaba (Vf) shine raguwar ƙarfin lantarki a kan LED lokacin da igiyar ruwa ke gudana, yawanci ana ƙayyade shi a wani gwajin gwaji da aka bayar (misali, 20mA, 150mA). Yana da mahimmanci ga ƙirar direba. Ƙarfin Lantarki na Gaba (If) shine ƙarfin lantarki na ci gaba da aiki da aka ba da shawarar. Ƙarfin Lantarki na Baya (Vr) yana nuna matsakaicin ƙarfin lantarki da LED zai iya jurewa a cikin shugabanci mara gudanarwa ba tare da lalacewa ba.Rushewar Wutar Lantarki an lissafta shi daga Vf da If kuma yana da mahimmanci ga sarrafa zafi.

3.3 Halayen Zafi

Aikin LED da tsawon rayuwarsa sun dogara sosai akan zafin jiki. Juriyar Zafi daga Haɗin kai zuwa Yanayi (RθJA), wanda aka auna shi a cikin °C/W, yana ƙididdige yadda ake canja wurin zafi daga guntun LED (haɗin kai) zuwa muhallin da ke kewaye. Ƙimar ƙasa tana nuna ingantaccen zubar da zafi. Matsakaicin Zafin Haɗin kai (Tj max) shine mafi girman zafin jiki da haɗin kai na semiconductor zai iya jurewa lafiya. Yin aiki ƙasa da wannan iyaka yana da mahimmanci don aminci.

4. Bayanin Tsarin Rarraba

Bambance-bambancen masana'antu yana buƙatar tsarin rarraba don rarraba LED ɗin da ke da halaye iri ɗaya.

4.1 Rarraba Tsawon Zango/Matsakaicin Zafin Jiki na Launi

Ana rarraba LED ɗin zuwa rukunonin rukunoni bisa ga daidaitaccen tsawon zango (don LED ɗin masu launi) ko CCT (don LED ɗin fari). Wannan yana tabbatar da daidaiton launi a cikin rukunin samarwa guda ɗaya ko a cikin rukunoni da yawa don aikin.

4.2 Rarraba Ƙarfin Hasken Hasken

Ana rarraba LED ɗin bisa ga ƙimar hasken da aka auna (lumens) a daidaitaccen gwajin gwaji. Wannan yana ba masu zane damar zaɓar abubuwan da suka dace da takamaiman buƙatun haske.

4.3 Rarraba Ƙarfin Lantarki na Gaba

Ana rarraba LED ɗin ta hanyar raguwar ƙarfin lantarki na gaba. Wannan yana da mahimmanci don ƙirar masu tuƙi masu ƙarfi na dindindin da kuma don tabbatar da daidaiton haske a cikin igiyoyin LED ɗin da ke layi daya.

5. Bincike na Lankwasa Aiki

Bayanan hoto yana ba da zurfin fahimta game da halayen kayan a ƙarƙashin yanayi daban-daban.

5.1 Lankwasa Ƙarfin Lantarki vs. Ƙarfin Lantarki (I-V)

Wannan lankwasa tana nuna alaƙar da ke tsakanin ƙarfin lantarki na gaba da ƙarfin lantarki na gaba. Ba ta da layi, tana nuna halayen diode. Lankwasa tana taimakawa wajen tantance wurin aiki da juriya mai ƙarfi.

5.2 Halayen Zafin Jiki

Hotuna yawanci suna nuna yadda ƙarfin hasken haske da ƙarfin lantarki na gaba ke canzawa tare da ƙara yawan zafin haɗin kai. Ƙarfin hasken yawanci yana raguwa yayin da zafin jiki ya tashi (kawar da zafi), yayin da ƙarfin lantarki na gaba yawanci yana raguwa kaɗan.

5.3 Rarraba Ƙarfin Hasken Spectrum

Wannan hoton yana zana ƙarfin hasken da ke fitowa a kowane tsawon zango. Yana ayyana halayen launi daidai fiye da lambar tsawon zango guda ɗaya kuma yana da mahimmanci ga aikace-aikacen da ke da mahimmanci na launi.

6. Bayanin Injiniya da Kunshin

Ana buƙatar ƙayyadaddun bayanan jiki don ƙirar PCB da haɗawa.

6.1 Zanen Girman

Cikakken zanen injiniya yana nuna duk mahimman girmansa: tsayi, faɗi, tsayi, siffar ruwan tabarau, da tazarar jagora. Koyaushe ana ƙayyade iyakoki.

6.2 Ƙirar Tsarin Kafet ɗin

Shahararren tsarin kafet ɗin tagulla akan PCB don yin gami. Wannan ya haɗa da girman kafet ɗin, siffa, da tazara don tabbatar da ingantaccen samuwar haɗin gami da kwanciyar hankali na injiniya.

6.3 Gano Polarity

Bayyanannen alamar tashoshi na anode (+) da cathode (-). Wannan sau da yawa ana nuna shi ta hanyar tsaga, yanke kusurwa, alamar kore, ko tsayin jagora daban-daban akan kayan da kanta.

7. Jagororin Gami da Haɗawa

Daidaitaccen sarrafawa yana tabbatar da aminci.

7.1 Bayanin Siffar Gami da Sake dawowa

Hoton lokaci-zafin jiki yana ƙayyade matakan dumama, jiƙa, sake dawowa, da sanyaya. Muhimman ma'auni sun haɗa da matsakaicin zafin jiki (yawanci 240-260°C matsakaicin don gami na SnAgCu) da lokacin da ya wuce ruwa (TAL). Wucewa da waɗannan iyakoki na iya lalata LED.

7.2 Abubuwan da za a Yi Kula da su

Umarnin sun haɗa da amfani da kariya ta ESD, guje wa matsin lamba na injiniya akan ruwan tabarau, kada a taɓa ruwan tabarau da hannu, da kuma tabbatar da an sarrafa zafin ƙarshen guntun gami idan ana buƙatar gami da hannu.

7.3 Yanayin Ajiya

Ya kamata a adana LED ɗin a cikin yanayi mai bushewa, duhu a ƙarƙashin sarrafa zafin jiki da ɗanɗano, yawanci a cikin jakunkuna masu saurin ɗanɗano (MSD) tare da busassun abu idan kunshin yana da saurin ɗaukar ɗanɗano.

8. Bayanin Kunshin da Oda

8.1 Ƙayyadaddun Kunshin

Yana bayyana nau'in isarwa: tef da reel (daidaitaccen don sassan SMD), bututu, ko tire. Cikakkun bayanai sun haɗa da girman reel, tazarar aljihu, da shugabanci.

8.2 Bayanin Alamar

Yana bayyana bayanan da aka buga akan alamar kunshin: lambar sashi, yawa, lambar kwanan wata, lambar rukuni, da lambobin rarraba.

8.3 Dokokin Lambar Model

Yana fassara lambar sashi don gano mahimman halaye kamar girman kunshin, launi, rukunin ƙarfin haske, rukunin ƙarfin lantarki, da siffofi na musamman (misali, babban CRI).

9. Shawarwarin Aikace-aikace

9.1 Yanayin Aikace-aikace na Yau da Kullun

Dangane da halayensa da aka nuna daga bayanan rayuwa (mai ƙarfi, dogon lokaci), wannan kayan yana dacewa da raka'o'in hasken baya (BLUs) a cikin nuni, fitilun nuni gabaɗaya, hasken cikin mota, da alamun kasuwa inda ake buƙatar samuwa na dogon lokaci.

9.2 Abubuwan da za a Yi la'akari da su a cikin Ƙira

Dole ne masu zane su aiwatar da daidaitaccen iyakancewa, ko ta hanyar resistor na jerin ko direba mai ƙarfi na dindindin. Sarrafa zafi ta hanyar isasshen yanki na tagulla na PCB ko heatsink yana da mahimmanci don kiyaye fitar da haske da tsawon rayuwa. Yi la'akari da kusurwar kallo don shimfidar aikace-aikace.

10. Kwatancen Fasaha

Idan aka kwatanta da abubuwan da ke da sanarwar Ƙarshen Rayuwa (EOL), wannan kayan na Har Abada lokacin da ya ƙare da kwanciyar hankali na Sake Dubawa na 2 matsayi yana wakiltar babbar fa'ida ga samfuran da ke buƙatar tallafin masana'antu na dogon lokaci, yana rage haɗarin sayayya na ƙarshe ko sake ƙira mai tsada.

11. Tambayoyin da ake yawan yi

Q: Me ake nufi da "Matakin Rayuwa: Sake Dubawa na 2"?

A: Yana nuna cewa wannan shine sigar ta biyu ta hukuma na takardu da ƙayyadaddun bayanai na kayan. Canje-canje daga Sake Dubawa na 1 ya kamata a rubuta su a cikin sanarwar canjin injiniya (ECN).

Q: Shin "Lokacin da ya ƙare: Har Abada" yana tabbatar da cewa ba za a taɓa dakatar da sashi ba?

A: Duk da yake yana nuna babu wani shiri na lalacewa, masu kera suna da ikon dakatar da samfuran saboda yanayin da ba a zata ba kamar ƙarancin kayan. Duk da haka, yana nuna ƙwarin gwiwa ga samarwa na dogon lokaci.

Q: Ta yaya ya kamata in yi amfani da Ranar Saki?

A: Yi amfani da ita don haɗa kai da wasu takardu, tabbatar da cewa kuna da sabbin ƙayyadaddun bayanai, da kuma don bin diddigi a cikin tarihin sake dubawa na samfurin ku.

12: Amfani na Aiki na Aiki

Mai zanen kwalliyar sarrafa masana'antu ya zaɓi wannan LED don alamomin matsayi. Rayuwar "Har Abada" tana tabbatar da cewa irin wannan LED ɗin zai kasance akwai don samarwa da kayan gyara don tsawon rayuwar kwalliyar da ake tsammani na shekaru 15. Daidaitaccen ranar saki yana ba masana'anta damar bin diddigin da cancanta takamaiman rukunin kayan da aka yi amfani da su a cikin kowace jigilar kwalliya, yana taimakawa wajen sarrafa inganci da duk wani binciken al'amurran da ke faruwa a filin.

13. Ka'idar Aiki

LED diode ne na semiconductor. Lokacin da aka yi amfani da ƙarfin lantarki na gaba a kan tashoshinsa (anode tabbatacce dangane da cathode), electrons da ramuka suna sake haɗuwa a cikin yanki mai aiki na guntun semiconductor. Wannan tsarin sake haɗuwa yana sakin makamashi a cikin nau'in photons (haske). Takamaiman tsawon zango (launi) na hasken da aka fitar yana ƙayyade ta hanyar makamashin bandgap na kayan semiconductor da aka yi amfani da su (misali, InGaN don shuɗi/kore, AlInGaP don ja/amber). LED ɗin fari yawanci LED ɗin shuɗi ne da aka lulluɓe da Layer na phosphor wanda ke canza wasu hasken shuɗi zuwa tsayin zango mafi tsayi, yana haifar da faffadan bakan da ake ganin shi azaman fari.

14. Trends na Ci gaba

Masana'antar LED na ci gaba da haɓaka zuwa mafi girman inganci (ƙarin lumens a kowace watt), ingantaccen ingancin launi (mafi girman ƙimar CRI da R9), da mafi girman aminci. Ƙananan kunshin ya kasance al'ada don aikace-aikacen da ba su da yawa. Haka nan akwai gagarumin ci gaba a cikin haske mai hankali, haɗa na'urori masu auna firikwensin da ka'idojin sadarwa kai tsaye tare da ƙungiyoyin LED. Bugu da ƙari, masana'antar tana ƙara mai da hankali kan masana'antu mai dorewa da sake yin amfani da su. Manufar rubuce-rubucen, matakan rayuwa masu ƙarfi, kamar yadda aka gani a cikin wannan takardar bayanin, ya dace da motsin masana'antar zuwa ga mafi bayyananniyar sarkar samarwa da amincin dogon lokaci don aikace-aikacen ƙwararru da na masana'antu.