Takardar Bayanin Kayan LED - Sake Dubawa na 3 - Matakin Rayuwa - Saki na Har abada - Takardar Fasaha ta Turanci

1. Bayyani Game da Samfur

Wannan takardar bayanan fasaha tana ba da cikakkun bayanai game da kayan haske mai fitar da haske (LED). Takardar tana cikin sake dubawa na uku, wanda ke nuna cikakkiyar ƙira da kwanciyar hankali na samfur tare da ƙayyadaddun ma'auni. An sanya matakin rayuwa a matsayin "Sake Dubawa," kuma samfurin yana da ranar saki na 5 ga Disamba, 2014. Lokacin karewa an yiwa alama da "Har abada," wanda ke nuna cewa wannan sigar takardar bayanan za ta kasance mai inganci har abada don tunani da ƙira, ko da yake ana shawarci masu amfani su duba cikakkun takardu na baya-bayan nan don sabbin ƙira.

Babban fa'idar wannan kayan shine a cikin ƙayyadaddun halayensa na fasaha masu kwanciyar hankali, wanda ya sha sake dubawa da yawa don inganta aiki da amincinsa. Ya dace da aikace-aikacen haske na gabaɗaya, nuna alama, da hasken baya inda ake buƙatar aiki mai daidaito.

2. Cikakken Bincike na Ma'aunin Fasaha

Yayin da abin da aka samo daga PDF ya mayar da hankali kan bayanan takarda, takardar bayanan LED irin wannan za ta ƙunshi cikakkun ma'auni na fasaha. Sasannin da ke gaba suna bayyana ma'auni masu mahimmanci waɗanda ke ayyana aikin kayan.

2.1 Halayen Haske da Launi

Halayen photometric suna da mahimmanci ga ƙirar haske. Ma'auni masu mahimmanci sun haɗa da:

• Juyin Haske (Luminous Flux):Jimillar hasken da LED ke fitarwa, wanda aka auna a cikin lumens (lm). Ana ƙayyade wannan ƙimar a daidai gwargwadon ƙayyadaddun gwajin halin yanzu (misali, 20mA, 65mA, 150mA) da zafin jiki na junction (misali, 25°C).
• Matsakaicin Tsawon Tsawon Zango / Matsakaicin Zafin Jiki na Launi (CCT):Ga LED masu launi, matsakaicin tsawon zango (a cikin nanometers) yana ayyana launin da ake gani (misali, 630nm don ja, 525nm don kore, 470nm don shuɗi). Ga fararen LED, CCT (a cikin Kelvin, K) yana nuna ko hasken yana da zafi (misali, 2700K-3500K), tsaka-tsaki (misali, 4000K-5000K), ko sanyi (misali, 5700K-6500K).
• Ma'auni na Nuna Launi (CRI):Ga fararen LED, CRI (Ra) yana auna iyawar bayyana launukan abubuwa da gaskiya idan aka kwatanta da madaidaicin tushen haske. Ana son CRI mafi girma (kusa da 100) don aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar fahimtar launi daidai.
• Kusurwar Dubawa:Kusurwar da ƙarfin haske ya rabi daga matsakaicin ƙarfinsa (yawanci ana nuna shi da 2θ½). Kusurwoyin dubawa na yau da kullun sune 120°, 140°, ko takamaiman ƙananan katako.

2.2 Ma'auni na Lantarki

Ƙayyadaddun lantarki suna da mahimmanci ga ƙirar da'ira da zaɓin direba.

• Ƙarfin Lantarki na Gaba (V_F):Ragewar ƙarfin lantarki a kan LED lokacin aiki a ƙayyadaddun halin yanzu na gaba. Wannan ma'auni ne mai mahimmanci ga ƙirar wutar lantarki da sarrafa zafi. V_Fyawanci yana da kewayon (misali, 2.8V zuwa 3.4V a 20mA) kuma yana dogara da zafin jiki.
• Halin Yanzu na Gaba (I_F):Shawarar ci gaba da aiki na halin yanzu. Wucewa da matsakaicin ƙayyadaddun halin yanzu na gaba na iya rage tsawon rayuwa sosai ko haifar da gazawar nan take.
• Ƙarfin Lantarki na Baya (V_R):Matsakaicin ƙarfin lantarki da za a iya amfani da shi a cikin hanyar baya ba tare da lalata LED ba. LED suna da ƙananan ƙimar ƙarfin lantarki na baya (yawanci 5V).
• Rushewar Wutar Lantarki:Ƙarfin lantarki da aka canza zuwa zafi (V_F* I_F), wanda dole ne a sarrafa shi ta hanyar isasshen sanyaya.

2.3 Halayen Zafi

Ayyukan LED da tsawon rayuwarsa suna da matukar hankali ga zafin jiki.

• Zafin Jiki na Junction (T_j):Zafin jiki a mashigar p-n na guntu na semiconductor. Matsakaicin izinin T_j(misali, 125°C) shine babban iyaka na aminci.
• Juriya na Thermal (R_θJAko R_θJC):Juriya ga kwararar zafi daga junction zuwa yanayi (JA) ko harsashi (JC). Ƙananan ƙimar juriya na thermal yana nuna mafi kyawun ikon kawar da zafi, wanda yake da mahimmanci don kiyaye aiki da tsawon rayuwa.
• Lankwasan Rage Zafin Jiki:Zane-zane da ke nuna yadda dole ne a rage matsakaicin halin yanzu na gaba yayin da zafin yanayi ko harsashi ya karu don kiyaye zafin jiki na junction a cikin iyakoki masu aminci.

3. Bayanin Tsarin Rarraba (Binning)

Saboda bambance-bambancen masana'antu, ana rarraba LED zuwa kwandon aiki. Wannan tsarin yana tabbatar da masu ƙira suna karɓar kayan a cikin ƙayyadaddun izini.

• Rarraba Tsawon Zango / CCT:Ana haɗa LED zuwa ƙunƙun tsawon zango ko kewayon CCT (misali, matakai 3, ellipses MacAdam na matakai 5 don fararen LED) don tabbatar da daidaiton launi a cikin guntu.
• Rarraba Juyin Haske:Ana rarraba LED bisa ga ƙimar hasken da aka auna a daidai gwargwadon yanayin gwaji, yana ba da damar zaɓar kayan don takamaiman buƙatun haske.
• Rarraba Ƙarfin Lantarki na Gaba:Rarraba ta hanyar kewayon V_Fyana taimakawa wajen ƙirar da'irori masu inganci da sarrafa rarraba wutar lantarki a cikin jeri.

4. Bincike na Lankwasa Ayyuka

Bayanan hoto yana ba da zurfin fahimtar halayen kayan a ƙarƙashin yanayi daban-daban.

• Halayen I-V (Halin Yanzu-Ƙarfin Lantarki):Yana nuna alaƙa tsakanin halin yanzu na gaba da ƙarfin lantarki na gaba. Ba layi ne ba, kuma wurin aiki an saita shi ta hanyar da'irar direba.
• Dangantakar Juyin Haske da Halin Yanzu na Gaba:Yana nuna yadda fitar da haske ke ƙaruwa tare da halin yanzu, yawanci a cikin hanyar da ba ta da layi a manyan halayen yanzu saboda raguwar inganci da dumama.
• Dangantakar Juyin Haske da Zafin Jiki na Junction:Yana nuna raguwar fitar da haske yayin da zafin jiki na junction ya tashi. Wannan tasirin thermal quenching shine mahimmin la'akari na ƙira.
• Rarraba Ƙarfin Spectral (SPD):Zane mai zana ƙarfin hasken da aka fitar a kowane tsawon zango. Ga fararen LED, wannan yana nuna kololuwar famfo na shuɗi da mafi faɗin bakan da aka canza phosphor.

5. Bayanan Injiniya da Kunshewa

Girman jiki da cikakkun bayanan haɗawa suna da mahimmanci ga shimfidar PCB da haɗin injiniya.

• Girman Kunshin:Cikakken zanen injiniya tare da tsayi, faɗi, tsayi, da izini (misali, 2.8mm x 3.5mm x 1.2mm don kunshin 2835).
• Shimfidar Pad (Sawun Ƙafa):Shawarar tsarin ƙasa na PCB (girman pad, siffa, da tazara) don tabbatar da ingantaccen solder da haɗin thermal.
• Gano Polariti:Alama bayyananna (misali, tsaga, yanke kusurwa, ko alamar cathode) don nuna tashoshin anode da cathode don daidaitaccen haɗin lantarki.
• Ruwan Tabarau da Kayan Kunshin:Bayani game da abin da aka rufe (misali, silicone, epoxy) da siffar ruwan tabarau (dome, lebur) wanda ke shafar rarraba haske.

6. Jagororin Solder da Haɗawa

Daidaitaccen sarrafawa da haɗawa suna da mahimmanci ga aminci.

• Bayanan Solder na Reflow:Shawarar bayanan lokaci-zafin jiki don solder maras gubar (misali, SnAgCu) ko solder na gubar-tin, gami da dumama, jiƙa, matsakaicin zafin jiki na reflow (yawanci bai wuce 260°C ba), da ƙimar sanyaya.
• Umarnin Solder na Hannu:Idan ya dace, jagororin zafin jiki da tsawon lokaci don solder na hannu.
• Hankali na ESD (Fitowar Lantarki Mai Tsanani):Yawancin LED suna da hankali ga ESD kuma suna buƙatar sarrafawa a cikin yanki mai kariya ta ESD ta amfani da ingantaccen ƙasa.
• Yanayin Ajiya:Shawarar kewayon zafin jiki da zafi don ajiyar dogon lokaci (misali,<40°C,<60% RH) don hana shan danshi da lalacewa.

7. Bayanan Kunshewa da Oda

Bayanan da ke da alaƙa da dabaru da sayayya.

• Ƙayyadaddun Reel/Tape:Cikakkun bayanai game da faɗin tef ɗin mai ɗaukar kaya, girman aljihu, diamita na reel, da adadin kowane reel (misali, guda 4000 a kowane reel na inci 13).
• Dokar Lambar Model:Bayanin yadda lambar sashe ke ɓoye mahimman halaye kamar launi, kwandon juyi, kwandon ƙarfin lantarki, CCT, da nau'in kunshin.
• Alamomi da Bincike:Bayani game da bayanan da aka buga akan lakabin reel, gami da lambar sashe, lambar kuri'a, adadi, da lambar kwanan wata.

8. Shawarwari na Aikace-aikace

Jagora don aiwatar da kayan yadda ya kamata.

• Da'irori na Aikace-aikacen Al'ada:Misalai na tsari da ke nuna LED da aka tuƙa ta hanyar tushen halin yanzu na dindindin ko tare da mai iyakance halin yanzu mai sauƙi.
• Ƙirar Gudanar da Thermal:Shawara mai mahimmanci akan shimfidar PCB don kawar da zafi, kamar amfani da ramukan thermal, isasshen yanki na tagulla, da yuwuwar PCB mai tushen ƙarfe (MCPCB) don aikace-aikacen wutar lantarki mai ƙarfi.
• La'akari da Ƙirar Gani:Bayanan kan na'urorin gani na biyu (ruwan tabarau, masu nuni) da tasirin kusurwar dubawar LED akan rarraba haske na ƙarshe.
• Aminci da Tsawon Rayuwa:Tattaunawa game da abubuwan da ke shafar tsawon rayuwar LED (L70, L50), wanda aka fi tuƙa ta hanyar halin yanzu na aiki da zafin jiki na junction. Jagororin ragewa don cimma burin rayuwa.

9. Kwatancen Fasaha da Bambance-bambance

Yayin da aka bar sunayen takara na musamman, takardar bayanan tana nuna samfurin da aka inganta ta hanyar sake dubawa uku. Wuraren bambance-bambance masu yuwuwa bisa ga ma'auni na masana'antu na gama gari sun haɗa da:

• Babban Ingantaccen Haske:Yuwuwar ba da ƙarin lumens a kowane watt idan aka kwatanta da tsararraki na farko ko samfuran daidaitattun, wanda ke haifar da ingantaccen amfani da makamashi.
• Mafi Girman Daidaiton Launi:Ƙunƙun izini na rarraba don tsawon zango da CCT, yana rage canjin launi a cikin tarin LED da yawa.
• Ƙwararrun Ayyukan Thermal:Ƙirar kunshin ƙarancin juriya na thermal yana ba da damar manyan halayen tuƙi ko mafi kyawun tsawon rayuwa a cikin ƙananan wurare.
• Babban Aminci da Rayuwa:Tabbacin aiki daga sake dubawa mai girma, tare da bayanai masu goyan baya na dogon lokaci kiyaye lumen a ƙarƙashin ƙayyadaddun yanayi.

10. Tambayoyin da ake yawan yi (FAQs)

Amsoshi ga tambayoyin ƙira na gama gari bisa ma'auni na fasaha.

• Q: Shin zan iya tuƙa wannan LED da tushen ƙarfin lantarki?A: A'a. LED na'urori ne masu tuƙa halin yanzu. Direba mai ci gaba da halin yanzu ko tushen ƙarfin lantarki tare da mai iyakance halin yanzu na jerin dole ne don hana guduwar thermal da lalatawa.
• Q: Me ya sa fitar da hasken jeri na LED ya bambanta tsakanin raka'a?A: Wannan yana yiwuwa saboda rashin lissafin ƙarfin lantarki na gaba (V_F) rarraba. Lokacin haɗa LED a layi daya ba tare da sarrafa halin yanzu na kowane ɗayan ba, bambance-bambance a cikin V_Fsun haifar da rarraba halin yanzu mara daidaituwa. Ana ba da shawarar haɗin jerin ko direbobi na kowane LED.
• Q: LED yana dusashewa bayan lokaci. Shin wannan al'ada ce?A: Ee, duk LED suna fuskantar raguwar lumen. Ana ƙayyade ƙimar da farko ta hanyar zafin jiki na aiki. Yin aiki a ko ƙasa da shawarar halin yanzu kuma tare da ingantaccen sarrafa zafi zai ƙara tsawon rayuwa (misali, L70 - lokacin zuwa 70% na lumens na farko).
• Q: Menene tasirin PWM dimming akan rayuwar LED?A: Daidaitaccen aiwatar da PWM (Canjin Faɗin bugun jini) dimming a cikin mitar isasshe (>100Hz) ba ya shafar rayuwar LED, yayin da yake canza LED tsakanin cikakkiyar kunnawa da kashe yanayi ba tare da canza girman halin yanzu ba.

11. Ayyukan Ƙira da Amfani na Ainihi

Misalai masu kwatancen yadda ma'aunin kayan ke fassara zuwa ƙira na ainihi.

• Hali na 1: Module na LED na Layi don Hasken Cove na Gine-gine:Ƙira ta amfani da LED 50 a jere, wanda direba mai ci gaba da halin yanzu guda ɗaya ke tuƙa. An ƙididdige jimillar ƙarfin lantarki na gaba ta hanyar ƙididdige V na kowane LED. Ana samun sarrafa thermal ta hanyar sanya LED akan tsiri na PCB na aluminum, tare da yin lissafin don tabbatar da zafin jiki na junction ya kasance ƙasa da 85°C don burin rayuwar L90 na sa'o'i 50,000._FHali na 2: Rukunin Hasken Baya don Nuni na Masana'antu:
• Jerin LED 100 da aka tsara a cikin matrix 10x10 akan daidaitaccen PCB na FR4. Don tabbatar da daidaiton haske, ana amfani da LED daga kwandon juyi guda ɗaya. An sanya Layer mai watsawa akan jeri don daidaita hasken. Ƙirar tana amfani da igiyoyin layi daya na LED masu haɗin jerin tare da masu daidaita juriya don sarrafa V12. Gabatarwa da Ka'idar Aiki_F variations.

LED diode ne na semiconductor. Lokacin da aka yi amfani da ƙarfin lantarki na gaba, electrons daga kayan nau'in n suna sake haɗuwa da ramuka daga kayan nau'in p a mashiga, suna sakin makamashi a cikin nau'in photons (haske). Tsawon zango (launi) na hasken da aka fitar an ƙaddara shi ta hanyar tazarar band na makamashi na kayan semiconductor da aka yi amfani da su (misali, InGaN don shuɗi/kore, AlInGaP don ja/amber). Ana yin fararen LED yawanci ta hanyar lulluɓe guntu LED shuɗi da kayan phosphor wanda ke canza wasu hasken shuɗi zuwa tsayin zango mafi tsayi (rawaya, ja), wanda ke haifar da farin haske.

13. Trends da Ci gaban Fasaha

Masana'antar LED tana ci gaba da haɓaka. Yayin da wannan takardar bayanan ke wakiltar samfur mai kwanciyar hankali, mafi faɗin trends sun haɗa da:

Ƙara Ingantacciyar Aiki:

• Bincike mai gudana yana nufin samar da ƙarin lumens a kowane watt, yana rage amfani da makamashi don fitar da haske iri ɗaya.Ingantaccen Ingancin Launi:
• Haɓaka phosphors da hanyoyin warware guntu da yawa don cimma mafi girman ƙimar CRI da ƙarin cikakkun launuka don aikace-aikace na musamman.Ƙananan Girma da Haɗawa:
• Trends zuwa ƙananan girman kunshin (misali, micro-LEDs) da haɗaɗɗun modules haɗa LED, direbobi, da da'irar sarrafawa (misali, COB - Chip-on-Board).Hasken Mai Hikima da Haɗin kai:
• Haɗa na'urori masu auna firikwensin, ka'idojin sadarwa (Zigbee, Bluetooth, DALI), da iyawar IoT cikin tsarin haske, ko da yake wannan yawanci yana a matakin tsarin maimakon matakin ɓangaren da aka bayyana a cikin wannan takardar bayanan.Integration of sensors, communication protocols (Zigbee, Bluetooth, DALI), and IoT capabilities into lighting systems, though this is typically at the system level rather than the component level described in this datasheet.