Takardar Fasaha ta Kayan LED - Sake Dubawa na 2 - Ranar Saki 2014-12-10 - Bayanin Ingilishi

1. Bayyani Game da Takarda

Wannan takardar fasaha tana ba da mahimman bayanai game da matsayin rayuwa da cikakkun bayanan saki na wani kayan lantarki, musamman LED. Babban manufar ita ce sanar da masu amfani da injiniyoyi game da sake dubawa na yanzu na bayanan fasaha na samfurin da kuma ingancinsa. An tsara takardar don gabatar da mahimman bayanan gudanarwa da na fasaha a sarari da taƙaice.

Babban bayanin da ke cikin wannan ya ta'allaka ne akan sarrafa sake dubawa na takarda. Fahimtar tarihin sake dubawa yana da mahimmanci don tabbatar da cewa ana yin la'akari da madaidaitan ma'auni na fasaha yayin tsari, saye, da hanyoyin masana'antu. Yin amfani da bayanin da ya tsufa na iya haifar da rashin daidaituwa na samfur ko matsalolin aiki.

2. Bayanai na Rayuwa da Saki

Takardar ta bayyana a sarari matakin rayuwa na bayanan fasaha na kayan. Wannan sashe yana ƙididdige takamaiman halaye masu alaƙa da tsarin sigar takarda da jadawalin saki.

2.1 Matakin Rayuwa

An ganoMatakin Rayuwaa matsayinSake Dubawa: 2. Wannan yana nuna cewa wannan takarda ita ce sake dubawa na biyu mafi girma na ainihin bayanan fasaha. Sake dubawa yawanci yana nuna manyan sabuntawa, gyare-gyare, ko ƙari ga abun ciki na fasaha, kamar sabunta jadawalin aiki, ma'auni na lantarki da aka gyara, sabbin zane-zane na injiniya, ko canje-canje a hanyoyin gwaji. Yana da mahimmanci ga masu amfani su tabbatar suna aiki tare da sabon sake dubawa don haɗa duk ingantattun fasaha da gyare-gyare.

2.2 Lokacin Aiki

An ƙayyadeLokacin da Ya Ƙarea matsayinHar Abada. Wannan yana nuna cewa wannan takamaiman sake dubawa na takarda ba shi da ƙayyadaddun ranar ƙarewa. Bayanan fasaha da ke ciki ana ɗaukar su aiki har abada, ko har sai an maye gurbinsu da sabon sake dubawa. Wannan ya zama ruwan dare ga ƙayyadaddun samfurori masu ƙarfi inda ainihin fasaha da ƙira suka balaga kuma ba a ƙarƙashin canji akai-akai. Duk da haka, "Har Abada" yakamata a fassara shi da "har sai an fitar da sabon sake dubawa," kuma yakamata masu amfani su bincika akai-akai don sabuntawa daga tushe.

2.3 Ranar Saki

TheRanar Sakiita ce2014-12-10 09:53:17.0. Wannan alamar lokaci tana ba da ainihin ranar da lokacin da aka fitar da Sake Dubawa na 2 na wannan takarda a hukumance kuma aka samar da shi. Ranar saki wani muhimmin yanki ne na metadata don sarrafa takarda da bin diddigin. Yana ba masu amfani damar tantance tsufan ƙayyadaddun bayanai da daidaita su tare da kwanakin ƙirƙira samfur, sigogin firmware, ko wasu abubuwan ƙira masu mahimmanci na lokaci. Takarda da aka saki a cikin 2014 tana nuna fasahar kayan ta ƙare a kusa da wannan lokacin.

3. Ma'auni da Bayanan Fasaha

Yayin da guntun rubutun da aka bayar ya mai da hankali kan metadata na takarda, cikakken takardar bayanan fasaha don kayan LED zai ƙunshi faɗaɗa ma'auni na fasaha. Dangane da daidaitaccen aikin masana'antu don takaddun LED a kusan 2014, za a bincika sassan masu zuwa sosai. Rashin takamaiman ƙimomi a nan yana buƙatar bayani na gaba ɗaya game da abin da waɗannan ma'auni ke nufi da muhimmancinsu.

3.1 Halayen Haske da Launi

Wannan sashe zai ƙididdige fitowar haske da kaddarorin launi na LED. Mahimman ma'auni yawanci sun haɗa da:

• Juyin Haske:Jimillar hasken da LED ke fitarwa, wanda aka auna a cikin lumens (lm). Wannan shine farkon nuni na haske.
• Matsakaicin Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon / Yanayin Zafin Launi (CCT):Ga LED masu launi, matsakaicin tsawon tsawon tsawon (a cikin nanometers) yana ayyana launin da ake gani (misali, 630nm don ja). Ga fararen LED, CCT (a cikin Kelvin, misali, 3000K, 6500K) yana ayyana ko hasken yana dumi, tsaka-tsaki, ko sanyi fari.
• Fihirisar Nuna Launi (CRI):Ga fararen LED, CRI yana nuna yadda tushen haske ke bayyana ainihin launukan abubuwa daidai gwargwado idan aka kwatanta da tushen haske na halitta. Mafi girman CRI (kusa da 100) yana da kyau ga aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar fahimtar launi daidai.
• Kusurwar Dubawa:Kusurwar da ƙarfin haske ya rabi na ƙarfin a tsakiya (misali, digiri 120). Wannan yana ayyana yaduwar katako.

Waɗannan ma'auni suna da mahimmanci don zaɓar LED daidai don aikace-aikace kamar hasken gabaɗaya, alamar alama, hasken baya, ko masu nuni, inda ake buƙatar takamaiman haske, ingancin launi, da rarraba haske.

3.2 Ma'auni na Lantarki

Halayen lantarki suna ayyana yadda dole ne a tuka LED. Mahimman ma'auni sun haɗa da:

• Ƙarfin lantarki na Gaba (Vf):Ragewar ƙarfin lantarki a kan LED lokacin da yake fitar da haske a takamaiman ƙarfin lantarki. Wannan yana da mahimmanci don ƙirƙirar da'irar direba (misali, 3.2V na yau da kullun).
• Ƙarfin lantarki na Gaba (If):Shawarar ƙarfin lantarki na aiki don LED (misali, 20mA, 150mA, 350mA). Wuce iyakar ƙarfin lantarki na iya rage tsawon rayuwa sosai ko haifar da gazawar nan take.
• Ƙarfin lantarki na Baya (Vr):Matsakaicin ƙarfin lantarki da LED zai iya jurewa a cikin hanyar da ba ta gudana ba tare da lalacewa.
• Rushewar Wutar Lantarki:Ƙarfin lantarki da LED ke cinyewa, wanda aka ƙididdige shi azaman Vf * If, wanda ke da alaƙa da nauyin zafi.

Ingantaccen sarrafa zafi, sau da yawa ya haɗa da heatsink, yana da alaƙa kai tsaye da waɗannan ma'auni na lantarki don hana yin zafi da tabbatar da dogon lokaci na dogaro.

3.3 Halayen Zafi

Aikin LED da tsawon rayuwa suna da mahimmanci ga zafin jiki. Mahimman ma'auni na zafi sune:

• Zafin Junction (Tj):Zazzabi a guntun semiconductor kanta. Matsakaicin izinin Tj shine iyaka mai mahimmanci.
• Juriya na Thermal (Rth j-s ko Rth j-a):Wannan yana auna yadda zafi ke tafiya yadda ya kamata daga junction LED zuwa wurin solder (junction-to-solder) ko zuwa iskar da ke kewaye (junction-to-ambient). Ƙananan juriya na thermal yana nufin mafi kyawun zubar da zafi.
• Lankwasa Ragewa:Jadawali da ke nuna yadda matsakaicin izinin ƙarfin lantarki na gaba ke raguwa yayin da zafin yanayi ko wurin solder ya karu.

Yin watsi da sarrafa zafi shine babban dalilin gazawar LED da bai kai ba, gami da canjin launi, raguwar lumen, da gazawar bala'i.

4. Tsarin Rarraba da Rarrabawa

Sakamakon bambance-bambancen masana'antu, ana rarraba LED zuwa kwandon aiki. Wannan tsarin yana tabbatar da daidaito ga mai amfani na ƙarshe.

• Kwandon Flux:Ana rarraba LED bisa ga ƙimar fitowar hasken da aka auna a daidaitaccen gwajin ƙarfin lantarki.
• Kwandon Ƙarfin lantarki:Rarraba bisa ga kewayon ƙarfin lantarki na gaba (Vf).
• Launi/Tsawon Tsawon Kwandon:Ga LED masu launi, ana ayyana kwandon ta hanyar kewayon tsawon tsawon tsawon. Ga fararen LED, ana ayyana kwandon ta hanyar daidaitattun ma'auni na chromaticity akan ginshiƙi na CIE, sau da yawa suna dacewa da ellipses na MacAdam (misali, mataki 3, mataki 5).

Fahimtar lambobin rarrabawa yana da mahimmanci ga aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar daidaitaccen launi ko daidaitaccen haske a cikin LED da yawa.

5. Bincike na Lankwasa Aiki

Bayanan hoto suna ba da zurfin fahimta fiye da takamaiman bayanai na maki ɗaya.

• Lankwasa I-V (Ƙarfin lantarki da Ƙarfin lantarki):Yana nuna alaƙar da ke tsakanin ƙarfin lantarki na gaba da ƙarfin lantarki na gaba. Ba layi ba ne, kuma ana zaɓar wurin aiki a kan sashi mai tsauri na lankwasa.
• Dangantaccen Juyin Haske da Ƙarfin lantarki na Gaba:Yana nuna yadda fitowar haske ke ƙaruwa tare da ƙarfin lantarki, yawanci a cikin yanki na layi kafin inganci ya ragu a manyan ƙarfin lantarki.
• Dangantaccen Juyin Haske da Zafin Junction:Yana nuna tasirin kashe zafi—fitowar haske tana raguwa yayin da zafin jiki ya tashi.
• Rarraba Ƙarfin Bakan:Jadawali da ke tsara ƙarfin hasken da ake fitarwa a kowane tsawon tsawon tsawon. Yana ayyana halayen launi kuma yana bayyana kololuwa don fararen LED masu canza phosphor.

6. Bayanan Injiniya da Kunshewa

Wannan sashe zai haɗa da cikakkun zane-zane masu girma, sau da yawa tare da ra'ayoyin sama, gefe, da ƙasa. Muhimman abubuwa sune:

• Girman Kunshin:Daidai tsayi, faɗi, da tsayi (misali, 2.8mm x 3.5mm x 1.2mm don kunshin 2835).
• Tsarin Pad (Sawun Ƙafa):Shirin pad ɗin solder da aka ba da shawarar akan PCB don mafi kyawun solder da aikin zafi.
• Gano Polariti:Alama bayyananna (misali, sashen kusurwa, ɗigo, alamar cathode) don nuna anode da cathode don daidaitaccen haɗin lantarki.
• Bayanin Ruwan tabarau:Cikakkun bayanai kan kayan ruwan tabarau mai ɗauke da ruwa (misali, silicone, epoxy) da siffa (misali, domed, lebur).

7. Jagororin Solder da Haɗawa

Haɗawa daidai yana da mahimmanci ga dogaro. Jagororin yawanci sun haɗa da:

• Bayanan Solder na Reflow:Jadawali na lokaci-zafin jiki wanda ke ƙayyadad da lokutan dumama, jiƙa, sake kwarara, da sanyaya. Ya haɗa da iyakokin matsakaicin zafin jiki (misali, 260°C na dakika 10) don guje wa lalata kunshin LED.
• Umarnin Solder na Hannu:Idan ya dace, iyakoki don zafin ƙarfe da lokacin tuntuɓar.
• Shawarwarin Tsaftacewa:Jagora kan amfani da ko guje wa masu tsabtace flux.
• Yanayin Ajiya:Shawarar zafin jiki da ɗanɗano don adana LED kafin amfani, sau da yawa a cikin jakunkuna masu mahimmanci na danshi (MSD) tare da desiccant.

8. Bayanan Aikace-aikace da Abubuwan Ɗauka a Zuciya

Wannan sashe yana ba da shawara mai amfani don aiwatar da LED a cikin da'ira.

• Ƙirar Da'irar Direba:Yana jaddada buƙatar direba mai ƙarfi akai-akai, ba tushen ƙarfin lantarki akai-akai ba, don tabbatar da ingantaccen fitowar haske da hana guduwar zafi. Tattauna masu tuƙi masu sauƙi na tushen resistor da direbobin IC masu aiki.
• Ƙirar Gudanar da Zafi:Jagororin don shimfidar PCB (amfani da ramukan zafi, manyan wuraren tagulla), heatsinking, da tabbatar da cewa zafin wurin solder ya kasance cikin ƙayyadaddun iyakoki.
• Abubuwan Ɗauka a Zuciya na Gani:Shawara akan na'urorin gani na biyu (ruwan tabarau, masu watsawa) da tasirin kusurwar dubawa na asali na LED.
• Kariya ta ESD:Yawancin LED suna da hankali ga zubar da wutar lantarki (ESD). Ya kamata a bi hanyoyin aiki da haɗawa masu aminci na ESD.

9. Yanayin Aikace-aikace na Yau da Kullun

Dangane da amfani na gama gari na LED daga shekarun 2010, wannan kayan na iya zama an tsara shi don:

• Hasken Gabaɗaya:Kwan fitila na LED, bututu, panel, da fitilun ƙasa don amfanin gida da na kasuwanci.
• Hasken Baya:Don nunin LCD a cikin talabijin, na'urori masu duba, da alamar alama.
• Hasken Motoci:Fitilun ciki, fitilun gudu na rana (DRLs), fitilun birki, da alamun juyawa.
• Kayan Lantarki na Masu Amfani:Masu nuna matsayi, fitilun baya na maɓalli, da hasken kayan ado a cikin na'urori.

10. Tambayoyin da Ake Yawan Yi (FAQ)

Q: Me "Sake Dubawa: 2" ke nufi ga ƙirara?

A: Yana nufin dole ne ku tabbatar da Lissafin Kaya (BOM) da duk fayilolin ƙira suna yin la'akari da wannan takamaiman sake dubawa. Akwai yuwuwar canje-canje na ma'auni daga Sake Dubawa na 1 waɗanda zasu iya shafar aikin da'ira ko daidaituwa.

Q: Ranar saki ita ce 2014. Shin wannan samfurin ya tsufa?

A: Ba lallai ba ne. "Har Abada" inganci da sakin 2014 suna nuna samfur mai balaga, mai ƙarfi wanda har yanzu yana iya kasancewa cikin samarwa mai yawa. Duk da haka, yakamata ku tabbatar da matsayin samarwa mai aiki tare da mai kaya kuma ku bincika kowane sake dubawa na gaba ko samfuran maye gurbin.

Q: Guntun PDF ba shi da ƙayyadaddun bayanan fasaha. Ina zan same su?

A> Rubutun da aka bayar ya bayyana a matsayin kawoko ko ƙafa daga babbar takarda. Cikakken takardar bayanan fasaha zai ƙunshi duk sassan da aka ƙididdige a sama (lantarki, na gani, zafi, injiniya). Kuna buƙatar samun cikakken takarda.

11. Trends na Fasaha da Mahallin (Kimanin 2014)

A cikin 2014, masana'antar LED tana cikin lokacin ci gaba mai sauri a cikin inganci (lumens kowace watt) da rage farashi. Kunshin LED masu matsakaicin ƙarfi (kamar 2835, 3030, 5630) sun kasance suna zama manya don hasken gabaɗaya, suna ba da daidaitaccen ma'auni na aiki, farashi, da dogaro. Fasahar farar LED da aka canza Phosphor ta balaga, tare da ci gaba da inganta CRI da daidaiton launi. Masana'antar kuma tana mai da hankali kan inganta dogaro da tsinkayen rayuwa ta hanyar ingantattun kayan sarrafa zafi da ƙira. Sakin wannan takarda ya yi daidai da wannan zamanin na ƙarfafawa da inganta fasahar LED don aikace-aikacen haske na kasuwa mai yawa.