Takardar Bayani na LED Fitila 519-1SURSYGW/S530-A3 - Bi-Launi/Bi-Polar - Ƙarfin Wutar Lantarki 2.0V - Ƙarfi 60mW - Ja Mai Haske/Koren-Rawaya - Takardar Fasaha ta Hausa

1. Bayyani Game da Samfur

Jerin 519-1 ƙaramin fitilar LED ne da aka ƙera don aikace-aikacen nuna alama da hasken baya. Yana haɗa guntukan AlGaInP guda biyu masu dacewa a cikin fakitin guda ɗaya, yana tabbatar da daidaitaccen fitar da haske da kuma daidaitaccen faɗin kusurwar kallo. Ana samun samfurin a cikin tsararrun farko guda biyu: nau'in bi-launi (haɗa fitar da Ja Mai Haske da Koren-Rawaya Mai Haske) da nau'in bi-polar (ana samun su a cikin Farar Watsawa ko Bambancin Launi). Wannan ƙirar tana ba da sassauci don nuna matsayi, hasken panel, da amsa hulɗar mai amfani a cikin na'urorin lantarki daban-daban.

Babban fa'idar wannan jerin yana cikin ingantaccen ingancinsa na ƙwaƙƙwaran jiki, wanda ke haifar da dogon rayuwar aiki na musamman. Ya cika dacewa da dabarar tuƙi ta haɗaɗɗiyar kewayawa (IC), yana da ƙarancin ƙarfin lantarki na gaba da amfani da wutar lantarki, wanda ya sa ya dace da ƙirar da ke amfani da baturi ko masu hankali ga makamashi. Ana kera samfurin ta hanyar amfani da hanyoyin da ba su da gubar (Pb-free) kuma ya bi ka'idar Ƙuntata Abubuwa Masu Haɗari (RoHS).

1.1 Kasuwa da Aikace-aikace da Ake Nufi

An ƙera wannan fitilar LED don haɗawa cikin na'urorin lantarki na masu amfani, na'urorin sadarwa, da kayan aikin kwamfuta inda ake buƙatar ingantattun alamomin gani masu ƙarancin wutar lantarki. Yankunan aikace-aikacensa na farko sun haɗa da:

• Na'urorin Talabijin:Ana amfani da su don nuna matsayin wutar lantarki, yanayin jiran aiki, ko fitilun nuna aiki.
• Na'urorin Kallon Kwamfuta:Ana amfani da su azaman alamomin wutar lantarki ko aiki.
• Wayoyi:Ya dace don nuna matsayin layi, jiran saƙo, ko alamomin yanayin hannu-free.
• Kwamfutoci & Na'urori:Ya dace don fitilun aikin faifan ƙwaƙƙwara, maɓallan wuta, ko alamomin matsayin hanyar sadarwa akan masu karkatar da hanyoyin sadarwa da na'urorin haɗin intanet.

2. Bincike Mai zurfi na Sigogi na Fasaha

Wannan sashe yana ba da cikakkiyar fassara ta haƙiƙa game da mahimman sigogi na lantarki, na gani, da na zafi da aka ayyana a cikin takardar bayani. Fahimtar waɗannan ƙayyadaddun bayanai yana da mahimmanci don ƙirar kewayawa daidai da aiki mai dogaro.

2.1 Cikakkun Ƙididdiga na Iyaka

Waɗannan ƙididdiga suna ayyana iyakokin matsin lamba waɗanda sama da su lalacewar dindindin na na'urar na iya faruwa. Ba a ba da garantin aiki a ƙarƙashin ko a waɗannan iyakokin kuma ya kamata a guji su a cikin amfani na yau da kullun.

• Ci gaba da Ƙarfin Lantarki na Gaba (I_F):25 mA don duka guntukan SUR (Ja) da SYG (Koren-Rawaya). Wucewa wannan ƙarfin lantarki zai haifar da zafi mai yawa, yana lalata guduro da haɗin guntun semiconductor, wanda zai haifar da raguwar haske cikin sauri ko gazawar bala'i.
• Kololuwar Ƙarfin Lantarki na Gaba (I_FP):60 mA (a cikin 1/10 na aikin aiki, 1 kHz). Wannan ƙididdiga yana ba da damar ɗigon ƙarfin lantarki na gajere, mai amfani don tsare-tsaren haɗawa ko ƙirƙirar walƙiya masu haske na ɗan gajeren lokaci, amma matsakaicin ƙarfin lantarki dole ne ya kasance a cikin ƙididdiga na ci gaba.
• Ƙarfin Lantarki na Baya (V_R):5 V. LEDs suna da ƙarancin ƙarfin lantarki na rushewa baya. Yin amfani da bambancin baya sama da 5V na iya haifar da rushewar haɗin guntun nan take kuma ba za a iya juyawa ba. Kariyar kewayawa (misali, diode a jere a cikin anti-parallel) yana da mahimmanci idan LED ta fuskanci yanayin ƙarfin lantarki na baya mai yuwuwa.
• Rushewar Ƙarfi (P_d):60 mW. Wannan shine matsakaicin ƙarfin da aka yarda (V_F* I_F) wanda za'a iya watsar da shi azaman zafi. Yin aiki kusa da wannan iyaka yana buƙatar kulawa da sarrafa zafi na PCB da yanayin muhalli.
• Yanayin Aiki & Ajiya:Ya kewayo daga -40°C zuwa +85°C (aiki) da -40°C zuwa +100°C (ajiye). Na'urar ta dace da yanayin zafi na masana'antu.
• Zafin Solder:260°C na dakika 5. Wannan yana ayyana iyakar bayyanar reflow ko wave soldering. Tsawaita bayyanar da babban zafin jiki yayin haɗawa na iya lalata igiyoyin ciki ko ruwan tabarau na guduro.

2.2 Halayen Lantarki da Na Gani

Waɗannan su ne sigogin aiki na yau da kullun da aka auna a ƙarƙashin daidaitattun yanayin gwaji (Ta=25°C, I_F=20mA). Masu ƙira yakamata su yi amfani da ƙimar na yau da kullun (Typ.) don ƙididdiga na farko amma su ƙira kewayawa mai ƙarfi don ɗaukar faɗin min/max.

• Ƙarfin Lantarki na Gaba (V_F):Na yau da kullun 2.0V, ya kewayo daga 1.7V zuwa 2.4V ga duka launuka. Dole ne a ƙididdige resistor mai iyakance ƙarfin lantarki na kewayawa ta amfani da matsakaicin V_Fdon tabbatar da cewa ƙarfin lantarki bai taɓa wuce matsakaicin ƙididdiga ba a cikin mafi munin yanayi. Ana ba da shawarar direba mai ƙarfin lantarki na dindindin don sarrafa haske daidai.
• Ƙarfin Hasken Hasken (I_V):Guntun Ja (SUR) yana da ƙarfin haske na yau da kullun na 12.5 mcd, yayin da Koren-Rawaya (SYG) yake 5.0 mcd. Dole ne a yi la'akari da wannan bambanci mai mahimmanci a cikin aikace-aikacen bi-launi don cimma daidaiton haske da aka gane; sau da yawa, ana amfani da ƙarfin lantarki daban-daban ko aikin aiki na Pulse-Width Modulation (PWM) don kowane launi.
• Kusurwar Kallo (2θ_1/2):Faɗi sosai digiri 180. Wannan babban fasali ne, yana sa LED ya dace da aikace-aikace inda ake buƙatar ganin alama daga faɗin kusurwoyi, kamar akan na'urar tebur.
• Tsawon Zango:Guntun Ja yana da kololuwar tsawon zango (λ_p) na 632 nm da babban tsawon zango (λ_d) na 624 nm. Guntun Koren-Rawaya yana da λ_pna 575 nm da λ_dna 573 nm. Faɗin bandwidth na hasken bakan (Δλ) shine 20 nm ga duka biyun, yana nuna tsaftar bakan hasken da aka fitar.

3. Bincike na Lanƙwasa Aiki

Takardar bayani tana ba da lanƙwasan halaye da yawa waɗanda ke nuna yadda aikin LED ke bambanta da yanayin aiki. Waɗannan suna da mahimmanci don ƙira mai ci gaba da fahimtar halayen duniya na gaske.

3.1 Dangantakar Ƙarfi da Tsawon Zango & Jagora

Lanƙwasan rarraba bakan suna nuna yanayin launi ɗaya na guntukan AlGaInP. Fitowar Ja tana tsakiya a kusa da 624-632 nm, kuma Koren-Rawaya yana kusa da 573-575 nm. Tsare-tsaren jagora sun tabbatar da tsarin fitarwa na kusa-Lambertian (cosine), wanda ke haifar da faɗin kusurwar kallo na digiri 180. Ƙarfin yana da mafi girma lokacin da aka duba kai (0°) kuma yana raguwa a hankali zuwa gefuna.

3.2 Ƙarfin Lantarki na Gaba da Ƙarfin Lantarki na Gaba (Lanƙwasa I-V)

Wannan lanƙwasa yana nuna halayen diode na al'ada na al'ada. Ƙasa da ƙarfin lantarki na kunna (~1.7V), ƙaramin ƙarfin lantarki yana gudana. Sama da wannan bakin kofa, ƙarfin lantarki yana ƙaruwa cikin sauri tare da ƙaramin ƙaruwa a cikin ƙarfin lantarki. Wannan yana nuna dalilin da yasa LEDs dole ne a tuƙa su ta hanyar tushen da aka iyakance ƙarfin lantarki, ba tushen ƙarfin lantarki ba. Ƙananan canji a cikin ƙarfin wutar lantarki na iya haifar da babban canji, mai yuwuwa lalacewa, a cikin ƙarfin lantarki.

3.3 Dangantakar Ƙarfi da Ƙarfin Lantarki na Gaba & Yanayin Yanayi

Fitar haske (dangantakar ƙarfi) yana ƙaruwa a layi daya tare da ƙarfin lantarki na gaba har zuwa matsakaicin ƙididdiga. Duk da haka, tuƙi a cikin ƙarfin lantarki mafi girma yana ƙara zafin haɗin guntun, wanda kuma yana shafar aiki. Lanƙwasan da ke nuna ƙarfi da zafin yanayi suna nuna kashe zafi: yayin da zafin jiki ya tashi, ingancin haske na semiconductor yana raguwa, yana haifar da ƙarancin fitar da haske don ƙarfin tuƙi iri ɗaya. Wannan abu ne mai mahimmanci don la'akari da aikace-aikacen da ke aiki a cikin yanayi mai zafi.

3.4 Haɗin Haɗin Launi da Ƙarfin Lantarki na Gaba (SYG)

Don guntun Koren-Rawaya, takardar bayani ta haɗa da lanƙwasa da ke nuna yadda madaidaitan launi ke motsawa tare da ƙarfin tuƙi. Yawanci, ƙara yawan ƙarfin lantarki na iya haifar da ɗan ƙaramin motsi a cikin kololuwar tsawon zango (canjin launi). Masu ƙira waɗanda ke buƙatar daidaiton launi mai tsauri yakamata su yi aiki da LED a cikin ƙarfin lantarki mai tsayayye, da aka ayyana.

4. Bayanin Injiniya & Fakitin

4.1 Girman Fakitin

LED yana da daidaitaccen fakitin jagora na radial. Mahimman girma sun haɗa da tazarar jagora, diamita na jiki, da tsayin gaba ɗaya. Zanen ya ƙayyade cewa tsayin flange dole ne ya zama ƙasa da 1.5mm. Duk girma suna da iyakar iyaka na ±0.25mm sai dai idan an faɗi akasin haka. An yiwa alama fili: Pin 1 shine cathode don guntun SYG (Koren-Rawaya), Pin 2 shine anode na gama gari, kuma Pin 3 shine cathode don guntun SUR (Ja). Gano polarity daidai yana da mahimmanci don aikin bi-launi.

5. Jagororin Solder & Taro

Kula daidai yayin haɗawa yana da mahimmanci don kiyaye aikin LED da dogaro.

5.1 Siffantar Jagora

• Dole ne lanƙwasa ya faru aƙalla 3mm daga gindin kwan fitilar guduro don guje wa canja wurin damuwa zuwa mutuwar ciki da igiyoyin haɗin guntun.
• Dole ne a kammala duk siffofinkafintsarin solder.
• Ramin PCB dole ne ya yi daidai da jagororin LED. Tilasta LED marasa daidaito zuwa wuri yana haifar da damuwa wanda zai iya fashe guduro ko lalata tsarin ciki.

5.2 Ajiya

• Sharuɗɗan ajiya da aka ba da shawarar sune 30°C ko ƙasa da haka da 70% Yanayin Yanayi ko ƙasa da haka, tare da rayuwar shiryayye na watanni 3 daga jigilar kaya.
• Don ajiya mai tsawo (har zuwa shekara guda), yakamata a ajiye na'urorin a cikin jakar shinge mai ɗanɗano mai rufewa tare da busasshiyar abu, zai fi dacewa a cikin yanayin nitrogen, don hana shan danshi wanda zai iya haifar da "popcorning" yayin reflow soldering.

5.3 Tsarin Solder

Takardar bayani tana ba da takamaiman shawarwari don duka solder na hannu da na tsoma:

• Solder na Hannu:Matsakaicin zafin ƙarshen ƙarfe 300°C (don ƙarfe na 30W), matsakaicin lokacin solder dakika 3 a kowane jagora, kiyaye mafi ƙarancin nisa na 3mm daga haɗin solder zuwa kwan fitilar guduro.
• Tsoma/Wave Solder:Dumama zuwa matsakaicin 100°C har zuwa dakika 60, sannan wanka na solder a matsakaicin 260°C na dakika 5, kuma tare da ƙa'idar nisa na 3mm.
• Ƙa'ida Mai Muhimmanci:Tsarin solder (tsoma ko hannu) bai kamata a yi shi fiye da sau ɗaya akan LED iri ɗaya ba. Maimaita zagayowar zafi yana raunana fakitin.

6. Bayanin Fakitin da Oda

6.1 Ƙayyadaddun Fakitin

Ana tattara LEDs don hana fitar da lantarki mai tsauri (ESD) da shigar danshi. An fara sanya su a cikin jakunkunan anti-static. Daga nan sai a tattara waɗannan jakunkunan cikin akwatunan ciki, tare da akwatunan ciki da yawa da aka sanya a cikin babban akwatin waje. Matsakaicin adadin fakitin shine aƙalla 200 zuwa 500 guda a kowace jakar anti-static, tare da jakuna 4 a kowane akwatin ciki, da akwatunan ciki 10 a kowane akwatin waje.

6.2 Bayanin Alama

Alamun fakitin sun haɗa da lambobi da yawa masu mahimmanci don bin sawu da ƙayyadaddun bayanai:

• P/N:Lambar ɓangaren masana'anta (misali, 519-1SURSYGW/S530-A3).
• CPN:Lambar ɓangaren abokin ciniki (idan an sanya shi).
• QTY:Adadin na'urori a cikin takamaiman jakar ko akwatin.
• CAT:Yana nuna matsayin rarrabawa don Ƙarfin Hasken Hasken da Ƙarfin Lantarki na Gaba. Wannan yana ba da damar zaɓar LEDs tare da ingantaccen aiki mai matsewa.
• HUE:Matsayi ko kwandon launi, yana ƙayyade iyakar tsawon zango.
• LOT No:Lambar rukunin masana'anta don cikakken bin sawu.

7. Abubuwan La'akari da Ƙirar Aikace-aikace

7.1 Ƙirar Kewayawar Tuƙi

Don aikin DC mai sauƙi, resistor mai iyakance ƙarfin lantarki a jere ya zama dole. Ƙimar resistor (R_s) ana ƙididdige shi kamar: R_s= (V_wadata- V_{F_max}) / I_{F_desired}. Koyaushe yi amfani da V_{F_max}daga takardar bayani don ƙira mai aminci. Don aikace-aikacen bi-launi, tsarin anode na gama gari shine ma'auni. Ana buƙatar masu iyakance ƙarfin lantarki daban-daban guda biyu—ɗaya don cathode ja da ɗaya don cathode koren-rawaya—yana ba da damar sarrafa su daban. Don daidaita haske saboda ƙarfin haske daban-daban, ana iya daidaita ƙimar resistor, ko kuma ana iya aiwatar da sarrafa PWM a cikin ayyukan aiki daban-daban don kowane launi.

7.2 Gudanar da Zafi

Duk da yake LED da kansa yana da ƙarancin watsar da ƙarfi, ci gaba da aiki a matsakaicin ƙididdiga a cikin ƙunci ko babban zafin yanayi na iya haifar da hawan zafin haɗin guntun. Tabbatar da isasshen iskar iska a kusa da na'urar. Tsarin PCB yakamata ya ba da ɗan yanki na tagulla a kusa da jagororin LED don yin aiki azaman mai sanyaya zafi, musamman idan ana tuƙi kusa da matsakaicin ƙarfin lantarki.

7.3 Haɗin Gani

Faɗin kusurwar kallo yana sa wannan LED ya dace don kallo kai tsaye ba tare da na'urorin gani na biyu ba. Duk da haka, idan ana amfani da bututun haske ko watsawa a cikin ginin samfurin ƙarshe, kayan yakamata su sami babban watsawa a takamaiman tsawon zango (624 nm da 573 nm) don guje wa raguwa mara amfani. Yakamata a yi la'akari da bambanci a cikin ƙarfi tsakanin launuka biyu yayin ƙirar jagorar haske na gama gari don nuna alamar bi-launi.

8. Kwatancen Fasaha da Bambance-bambance

Jerin 519-1 ya bambanta kansa ta hanyar guntun biyu, ikon bi-launi/bi-polar a cikin fakitin radial na ma'auni guda ɗaya. Idan aka kwatanta da amfani da LEDs masu launi ɗaya daban-daban guda biyu, yana adana sararin PCB kuma yana sauƙaƙa haɗawa. Amfani da fasahar AlGaInP yana ba da fitar da ja da koren-rawaya mai inganci tare da ingantaccen launi. Faɗin kusurwar kallo na digiri 180 ya fi yawancin daidaitattun LEDs tare da katako mai kunkuntar, yana mai da shi kyakkyawa don aikace-aikace inda wurin kallo bai daidaita ba. Dacewarsa tare da duka hanyoyin solder na hannu da na atomatik yana sa ya zama mai fa'ida ga ma'auni daban-daban na samarwa.

9. Tambayoyin da ake yawan yi (Dangane da Sigogi na Fasaha)

9.1 Zan iya tuƙa guntayen ja da kore tare don ƙirƙirar launin lemu/rawaya?

Ee, ta hanyar tuƙa duka guntayen a cikin ƙarfin lantarki masu dacewa, haskensu zai haɗu da ƙari. Duk da haka, saboda su ne wurare masu ban tsoro na launuka daban-daban, launin da aka haɗu na iya bayyana speckled sai dai idan an yi amfani da mai watsawa. Matsayin launin da aka samu zai dogara da rabon ƙarfi na guntayen biyu.

9.2 Me yasa matsakaicin ƙarfin lantarki na baya kawai 5V?

LEDs a zahiri diodes ne da aka inganta don gudanar da gaba. Haɗin guntun semiconductor a cikin LED yana da yanki mai rauni sosai, yana sa ya zama mai saukin kamuwa da rushewar baya a ƙarancin ƙarfin lantarki. Wucewa 5V a cikin bambance-bambancen baya na iya haifar da rushewar avalanche, yana lalata na'urar dindindin.

9.3 Ta yaya zan fassara lambobin "CAT" da "HUE" akan alamar don ƙirara?

Waɗannan lambobin rarrabawa ne. "CAT" yana rarraba LEDs ta ƙarfin lantarki na gaba da ƙarfin haske. "HUE" yana rarraba su ta babban tsawon zango. Don aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar kamanni iri ɗaya (misali, panel na alamomi da yawa), ƙayyadaddun bayanai da amfani da LEDs daga kwandon iri ɗaya (lambobin CAT da HUE iri ɗaya) yana da mahimmanci don tabbatar da daidaiton haske da launi a duk raka'o'in.

10. Nazarin Shari'ar Ƙira mai Aiki

Yanayi:Ƙirar alamar matsayi don mai karkatar da hanyar sadarwa tare da jihohi uku: Kashe (babu haske), Walƙiya Aiki (Koren-Rawaya), da Kuskure (Ja Mai Ƙarfi).

Ai watar:Ana iya amfani da LED ɗaya na 519-1SURSYGW. An haɗa anode na gama gari zuwa layin wadata na 3.3V ta hanyar resistor mai iyakance ƙarfin lantarki da aka ƙididdige don V na guntun ja_{F_max}. Filayen GPIO na microcontroller an haɗa su zuwa cathodes biyu (Ja da Koren-Rawaya), kowanne ta hanyar transistor NPN na ƙananan sigina ko MOSFET da aka tsara azaman maɓalli na ƙananan gefe. Firmware na microcontroller yana sarrafa transistors: don Ja mai ƙarfi, yana kunna maɓallin cathode ja ci gaba; don walƙiya Koren-Rawaya, yana kunna maɓallin cathode koren-rawaya tare da siginar PWM a ƙimar walƙiya da ake so. Wannan ƙirar tana rage adadin abubuwan da aka haɗa da sararin PCB idan aka kwatanta da amfani da LEDs masu ban tsoro guda biyu.

11. Ka'idar Aiki

LED yana aiki akan ka'idar electroluminescence a cikin haɗin guntun p-n semiconductor. Lokacin da aka yi amfani da ƙarfin lantarki na gaba wanda ya wuce ƙarfin bandgap na kayan, electrons daga yankin n-type da ramuka daga yankin p-type ana shigar da su cikin yankin haɗin guntun. Lokacin da waɗannan masu ɗaukar caji suka sake haɗuwa, suna sakin makamashi a cikin nau'in photons (haske). Takamaiman kayan da aka yi amfani da su—Aluminum Gallium Indium Phosphide (AlGaInP) don wannan LED—yana ƙayyade ƙarfin bandgap don haka tsawon zango (launi) na hasken da aka fitar. Ja Mai Haske yayi daidai da ƙaramin bandgap, yayin da Koren-Rawaya yayi daidai da babban bandgap, wanda aka cimma ta hanyar bambanta daidaitaccen abun da ke cikin gami na AlGaInP.

12. Trends na Fasaha

Alamun LED kamar jerin 519-1 suna ci gaba da haɓaka. Trends na masana'antu gabaɗaya sun haɗa da ƙarin haɓaka ingancin haske (ƙarin fitar da haske a kowace watt na shigar da lantarki), yana ba da damar ƙarin ƙarancin amfani da wutar lantarki don haske iri ɗaya. Akwai motsi zuwa ga mafi girman dogaro da tsawon rayuwa a ƙarƙashin yanayi mai tsanani (zafi mafi girma, danshi). Trends na fakitin suna mai da hankali kan ƙanƙanta yayin kiyayewa ko inganta aikin zafi. Bugu da ƙari, haɗa na'urorin sarrafa lantarki (kamar direbobi masu ƙarfin lantarki na dindindin ko masu sarrafa PWM) kai tsaye cikin fakitin LED yana zama mafi gama gari don aikace-aikace masu ci gaba, yana sauƙaƙa ƙirar kewayawa na waje ga mai amfani na ƙarshe.