Bayanin Sake Dubawa na Mataki na Rayuwar Kayan LED - Sake Dubawa na 3 - Ranar Saki 2013-11-04 - Takardun Fasaha na Turanci

1. Bayyani Game da Samfur

Wannan takardar fasaha tana ba da mahimman bayanai na gudanar da rayuwar wani kayan lantarki na musamman, wanda aka gano a nan a matsayin kayan LED don misali. Babban aikin wannan takarda shine sanar da matsayin sake dubawa na yanzu da cikakkun bayanan saki, don tabbatar da bin diddigin sigogi da sarrafa su a cikin hanyoyin injiniya da masana'antu. Babban bayanin shine kafa Sake Dubawa na 3 a matsayin sigar da ke aiki kuma mai iko, wadda aka saki a wata takamaiman rana, tare da tsawon lokacin inganci mara iyaka. Wannan yana nuna cewa ƙayyadaddun samfur ya girma kuma ya tsaya tsayin daka, ba a cikin jerin lalacewa na tsari ba, yana ba da dogon lokacin aminci don ƙira da tsarin samarwa.

2. Gudanar da Rayuwa da Sake Dubawa

Jigon takardar shine tsarawa na matsayin sake dubawa na kayan. Wannan wani muhimmin bangare ne na takardun bayanan kayan, yana ba da takamaiman ma'ana ga injiniyoyi, ƙwararrun saye, da ƙungiyoyin tabbatar da inganci.

2.1 Mataki na Rayuwa: Sake Dubawa

An bayyana matakin rayuwa a fili a matsayin "Sake Dubawa." Wannan yana nuna cewa ƙira da ƙayyadaddun kayan ba su cikin matakin farko na samfuri (Alpha/Beta) ko kuma lalacewa (EOL). Yana cikin yanayin sabuntawa da ingantawa da aka sarrafa. Matakin "Sake Dubawa" yana nuna cewa samfurin yana cikin cikakken samarwa, kuma duk wani canji ana sarrafa shi ta hanyar sarrafa sake dubawa na yau da kullun, don tabbatar da dacewa ta baya ko kuma bayyana canje-canje a fili.

2.2 Lambar Sake Dubawa: 3

Lambar sake dubawa wata mahimmin alama ce don bin diddigin canje-canje. Sake Dubawa na 3 yana nuna cewa wannan ita ce sigar ƙayyadaddun kayan ta uku da aka saki a hukumance. Kowane ƙari daga sake dubawa na baya (misali, Dubawa na 2 zuwa Dubawa na 3) yawanci yana dace da jerin umarnin canjin injiniya (ECOs) da aka rubuta. Waɗannan canje-canje na iya haɗawa da ƙananan gyare-gyare ga jurewar lantarki, sabunta abubuwan da aka ba da shawarar, gyara a cikin zane-zane masu girma, ko haɓaka halayen aiki bisa ga ƙarin gwaji. Yana da mahimmanci ga masu amfani su koyaushe su yi la'akari da sabon sake dubawa don tabbatar da cewa ƙirar su da hanyoyin su sun dace da ƙayyadaddun na yanzu.

2.3 Ranar Saki: 2013-11-04 14:49:13.0

Ranar saki tana ba da takamaiman alamar lokaci na lokacin da Sake Dubawa na 3 ya zama na hukuma. Haɗa lokacin (14:49:13.0) yana nuna tsarin sarrafa takardu mai sarrafawa sosai. Wannan ranar tana aiki a matsayin tushe don tantance waɗanne rukunin masana'antu ko ayyukan ƙira suka dace da wannan sake dubawa. Ga duk wani aikin ƙira ko samarwa da aka fara bayan wannan rana, Sake Dubawa na 3 shine ma'auni mai amfani.

2.4 Tsawon Lokacin Karewa: Har Abada

An ayyana "Tsawon Lokacin Karewa" a matsayin "Har Abada." Wannan wata muhimmiyar sanarwa ce game da ingancin takardar da, ta hanyar faɗaɗawa, ingancin sake dubawa. Yana nuna cewa wannan sake dubawa na ƙayyadaddun bashi da ƙayyadaddun ranar ƙarshen rayuwa. Ana ɗaukar bayanan fasaha a matsayin inganci har abada sai dai idan an maye gurbinsu da wani sake dubawa na gaba. Wannan yana ba da kwanciyar hankali da kwarin gwiwa ga ayyukan dogon lokaci, yana kawar da damuwa game da ƙayyadaddun da zai zama mara inganci bayan wani lokaci. Ba yana nufin cewa samfurin da kansa ba zai taɓa daina ba, amma a maimakon haka wannan takamaiman takardar sake dubawa ta kasance daidai tunani har abada ga samfuran da aka kera da wannan ma'auni.

3. Ma'auni na Fasaha da Fassara

Yayin da guntun rubutun da aka bayar ya mai da hankali kan bayanan gudanarwa, cikakkiyar takardar fasaha don kayan LED za ta ƙunshi sassan ma'auni masu yawa. Dangane da mahallin takardar rayuwa don LED, za a yi nazari mai mahimmanci akan sassan masu zuwa.

3.1 Halayen Haske da Launi

Cikakkiyar takardar fasaha za ta ƙayyade mahimman ma'auni na haske. Za a ayyana tsawon zango ko yanayin zafin launi (CCT), wanda sau da yawa ana gabatar da shi a cikin kwandon ko matakan (misali, 6000K-6500K don farin sanyi). Ƙarfin haske (a cikin lumens) a wani takamaiman gwajin halin yanzu (misali, 65mA) zai zama ma'aunin aiki na tsakiya, wanda kuma yawanci ana sanya shi cikin kwandon. Za a ba da daidaitattun launi (x, y akan zanen CIE 1931) don ayyana daidaiton wurin launi. Za a ƙayyade fihirisar nuna launi (CRI), musamman Ra da yuwuwar R9 don nuna ja, don fararen LED. Fahimtar waɗannan kwandon yana da mahimmanci don samun daidaiton launi da haske a cikin aikace-aikace.

3.2 Ma'auni na Lantarki

Ƙarfin lantarki na gaba (Vf) shine ainihin ma'auni na lantarki, wanda aka auna a wani takamaiman gwajin halin yanzu. Kamar yadda ƙarfin haske, Vf yana ƙarƙashin bambancin samarwa don haka ana sanya shi cikin kwandon (misali, 3.0V - 3.2V). Ƙimar ƙarfin lantarki na baya (Vr) tana ƙayyade matsakaicin ƙarfin lantarki da aka yarda a cikin hanyar da ba ta gudana ba. Matsakaicin ƙimar ƙimar halin yanzu na gaba (If) da ɓarnawar wutar lantarki (Pd) suna ayyana iyakokin aiki waɗanda za su iya haifar da lalacewa ta dindindin. Yanayin aiki da aka ba da shawarar, yawanci ƙaramin halin yanzu fiye da matsakaicin matsakaici, yana tabbatar da mafi kyawun rayuwa da aiki.

3.3 Halayen Zafi

Aikin LED da rayuwa suna da tasiri sosai ta hanyar zafin jiki. Juriyar zafi daga junction zuwa yanayi (RθJA) tana ƙididdige yadda ake kawar da zafi daga haɗin semiconductor zuwa muhallin da ke kewaye. Ƙananan RθJA yana nuna ingantaccen aikin thermal. Takardar za ta ƙayyade matsakaicin yanayin zafi na junction da aka yarda (Tj max), wanda sau da yawa yana kusa da 125°C. Wuce wannan zafin yana rage fitar da haske sosai kuma yana rage tsawon rayuwar kayan. Lankwasa na rage ƙima, wanda ke nuna matsakaicin halin yanzu na gaba da aka yarda a matsayin aikin yanayin zafin yanayi, yana da mahimmanci don ƙira mai ƙarfi.

4. Bayanin Tsarin Rarraba (Binning)

Saboda bambance-bambancen masana'antu, ana rarraba LED cikin kwandon aiki. Takardar za ta yi cikakken bayani game da tsarin rarraba don tsawon zango/CCT, ƙarfin haske, da ƙarfin lantarki na gaba. Kowane kwandon yana da lamba (misali, FL don ƙarfin haske, V don ƙarfin lantarki). Dole ne masu ƙira su zaɓi kwandon da suka dace don biyan bukatun aikace-aikacensu don daidaiton launi da daidaiton haske. Yin amfani da LED daga kwandon ɗaya, mai matsi yana tabbatar da kamanni iri ɗaya a cikin samfurin ƙarshe.

5. Nazarin Lankwasa na Aiki

Bayanan hoto yana da mahimmanci don fahimtar halayen kayan a ƙarƙashin yanayi daban-daban.

5.1 Lankwasa na Halin yanzu da Ƙarfin lantarki (I-V)

Lankwasa na I-V yana nuna alaƙar da ba ta da layi tsakanin halin yanzu na gaba da ƙarfin lantarki na gaba. Ana amfani da shi don tantance wurin aiki lokacin ƙirar da'irar direba. Lankwasa kuma yana nuna juriya mai ƙarfi na LED.

5.2 Dangantakar Ƙarfin Haske da Yanayin Zafi na Junction

Wannan lankwasa yana nuna tasirin kashe zafi: yayin da yanayin zafi na junction na LED ya karu, fitar da haske yana raguwa. Gangaren wannan lankwasa yana da mahimmanci ga aikace-aikacen da ke aiki a cikin yanayin zafi mai girma, yana ba da sanarwar sarrafa zafi da wajabta da ƙirar gani.

5.3 Rarraba Ƙarfin Bakan Haske (SPD)

Zanen SPD yana nuna ƙarfin haske da aka fitar a cikin bakan gani (kuma wani lokacin fiye da haka). Ga fararen LED, yana nuna kololuwar famfo shuɗi da faɗaɗa fitar da canjin phosphor. Wannan zane yana da mahimmanci don nazarin ingancin launi, gano yuwuwar tsalle-tsalle, da tabbatar da cewa bakan ya dace da bukatun aikace-aikace (misali, noma, hasken gidan kayan tarihi).

6. Bayanin Injiniya da Marufi

Za a ba da cikakkun zane-zane masu girma, suna nuna saman, gefe, da ra'ayoyin ƙasa tare da mahimman girma da jurewa. Za a ƙayyade ƙirar ƙafa ko ƙirar ƙasa don hawa PCB, gami da girman pad, tazara, da buɗaɗɗen mask ɗin solder da aka ba da shawarar. Za a yi alama a fili game da gano polarity (anode da cathode), yawanci tare da alamar gani kamar tsaga, yanke kusurwa, ko alama akan kunshin.

7. Jagororin Solder da Haɗawa

Solder na sake kunnawa shine daidaitaccen hanyar haɗawa don LED masu hawa saman. Takardar za ta ba da cikakken bayanin sake kunnawa, yana ƙayyade ƙimar hawan zafin jiki, lokacin jikewa kafin dumama da zafin jiki, lokacin sama da ruwa (TAL), matsakaicin zafin jiki, da ƙimar sanyaya. Biyayya ga wannan bayanin yana da tilas don hana girgiza zafi, rabuwa, ko lalata silicone na ciki da phosphor. Za a jera matakan kulawa don guje wa fitar da lantarki (ESD) da damuwa na injiniya. Za a kuma ayyana yanayin ajiya da aka ba da shawarar (zafin jiki da zafi) don adana solderability.

8. Bayanin Marufi da Oda

Za a yi cikakken bayani game da ƙayyadaddun kunshin tef da reel, gami da diamita na reel, faɗin tef, tazarar aljihu, da kuma alkiblar abubuwan. Alamar da ke kan reel zata haɗa da lambar sashi, lambar sake dubawa (misali, Dubawa na 3), adadi, lambar kuri'a, da lambar kwanan wata. Lambar sashi da kanta za ta bi wata takamaiman alamar suna wanda ke ɓoye mahimman halaye kamar girman kunshin, launi, kwandon ƙarfin haske, da kwandon ƙarfin lantarki, yana ba da damar yin oda daidai.

9. Shawarwarin Aikace-aikace

Za a ba da shawarar yanayin aikace-aikace na yau da kullun, kamar raka'o'in hasken baya don nuni, na'urorin haske na gabaɗaya, hasken cikin mota, ko allunan nuna alama. Za a jaddada mahimman abubuwan da aka yi la'akari da su na ƙira: wajabcin direba mai dindindin (ba tushen ƙarfin lantarki ba), mahimmanci na ingantaccen sarrafa zafi ta hanyar yankin tagulla na PCB ko heatsinks, ƙirar gani don tsarin katako da ake so, da hanyoyin dushewa masu yuwuwa (PWM ko analog).

10. Kwatanta da Bambance-bambancen Fasaha

Duk da yake ba a kwatanta da takamaiman abokan hamayya ba, ƙayyadaddun takardar da kanta suna ayyana fa'idodinta. Ƙananan juriya na zafi (RθJA) shine babban abin banbanta ga aikace-aikacen wutar lantarki mai ƙarfi. Babban CRI (misali, >90) da ƙunƙuntaccen kwandon launi suna bambanta shi a cikin ingantaccen haske. Babban matsakaicin yanayin zafi na junction (Tj max) yana nuna ƙarfi. Bayanan kula da lumen na dogon lokaci (misali, L70 > 50,000 hours) shine muhimmin abin banbanta na aminci.

11. Tambayoyin da ake yawan yi (FAQ)

Q: Me "Sake Dubawa na 3" ke nufi ga tsohon ƙirar da nake da ita?

A: Dole ne ka kwatanta takardar Sake Dubawa na 3 da takardar tsohon sake dubawarka. Duba tarihin canji ko kwatanta ma'auni da zane-zane a hankali. Wasu sake dubawa na iya zama masu dacewa, yayin da wasu na iya samun canje-canjen da ke buƙatar daidaitawar da'ira ko shimfidawa.

Q: "Tsawon Lokacin Karewa: Har Abada" yana da ban mamaki. Shin wannan yana nufin cewa samfurin ba zai taɓa daina ba?

A> A'a. "Har Abada" ya shafi ingancin wannan takamaiman takardar sake dubawa. Samfurin da kansa na iya ƙarewa zuwa matakin ƙarshen rayuwa (EOL), wanda za a sanar da shi ta hanyar sanarwar canjin samfur (PCN) daban. Wannan magana yana nufin cewa kuna iya dogaro da wannan takardar ƙayyadaddun har abada a matsayin daidaitaccen tunani ga samfuran da aka gina da ma'aunin Dubawa na 3.

Q: Ta yaya zan tabbatar da daidaiton launi a cikin samfurina?

A> Dole ne ka ƙayyade kuma ka sayi LED daga kwandon ɗaya, mai ƙunƙuntacce don duka launi (misali, ellipse 3-step MacAdam) da ƙarfin haske. Yi aiki tare da mai kawo kayayyaki don tabbatar da samar da takamaiman kwandon.

Q: Shin zan iya tuka LED a matsakaicin halin yanzu?

A> Ba a ba da shawarar don aiki mai aminci, dogon rayuwa. Koyaushe yi ƙira ta amfani da halin yanzu na aiki da aka ba da shawarar. Matsakaicin ƙimar ƙimar ƙima ne, ba manufa ba.

12. Nazarin Aikace-aikace na Aiki

Yi la'akari da ƙirar ingantaccen fitilar LED don hasken ofis. Mai ƙira ya zaɓi wannan kayan LED bisa ga babban CRI (Ra>90) da ingantaccen ƙayyadaddun kula da lumen. Sun zaɓi ƙunƙuntaccen kwandon CCT (misali, 4000K ± 100K) da takamaiman kwandon ƙarfin haske. Ƙirar zafi ta haɗa da ƙididdige heatsinking da ake buƙata ta amfani da ƙimar RθJA da yuwuwar ɓarnawar wutar lantarki don kiyaye yanayin zafi na junction ƙasa da 105°C, don tabbatar da dogon rayuwa. An zaɓi direba mai dindindin don ba da 100mA kowace LED, a cikin kewayon da aka ba da shawarar. Shimfidawar PCB ta haɗa da isassun pad ɗin tagulla don yada zafi, bin ƙirar ƙasa da aka ba da shawarar daga zanen injiniya. An ba gidan haɗawa da ainihin bayanin sake kunnawa daga takardar don tabbatar da ingantaccen solder ba tare da lalacewa ba.

13. Gabatarwa da Ka'idar Aiki

LED diode ne na semiconductor. Lokacin da aka yi amfani da ƙarfin lantarki na gaba a kan haɗin p-n, electrons da ramuka suna sake haɗuwa a cikin yanki mai aiki, suna sakin makamashi a cikin nau'in photons (haske). Tsawon zango (launi) na hasken da aka fitar yana ƙaddara ta hanyar bandgap na kuzarin kayan semiconductor. Ga fararen LED, an lulluɓe guntu na semiconductor mai fitar da shuɗi da Layer phosphor. Wani ɓangare na hasken shuɗi yana sha ta hanyar phosphor kuma ana sake fitar da shi azaman hasken rawaya mai tsayi. Haɗuwar sauran hasken shuɗi da hasken rawaya da aka canza zuwa phosphor yana bayyana fari ga idon ɗan adam.

14. Trends da Ci gaban Fasaha

Masana'antar LED tana ci gaba da haɓakawa. Trends sun haɗa da haɓaka ingantaccen haske (lumens a kowace watt), wanda aka motsa ta hanyar inganta ƙirar guntu, fasahar phosphor, da ingancin kunshin. Akwai mai da hankali sosai kan inganta ingancin launi, tare da babban CRI da cikakken bakan LED suna zama ruwan dare gama gari. Ƙananan ƙira yana ci gaba, yana ba da damar matsakaici mafi girma. Hasken wayo da haɗin kai yana motsa haɗaɗɗen na'urorin lantarki na sarrafawa. Bugu da ƙari, akwai babban bincike da ci gaba a fagage kamar micro-LEDs don nuni mai ƙima sosai da UV-C LED don aikace-aikacen kashe kwayoyin cuta. Tsarin gudanar da rayuwa da sake dubawa, kamar yadda aka rubuta a nan, yana da mahimmanci don bin diddigin waɗannan haɓaka a cikin samfuran kasuwanci.