Takardar Rayuwar Kayan LED - Bita na 4 - Ranar Saki 2013-06-10 - Bayanin Fasaha na Turanci

1. Bayyani Game da Samfur

Wannan takardar fasaha tana ba da cikakken bayani game da matsayin rayuwa da tarihin bita na wani takamaiman kayan LED (Light Emitting Diode). Babban abin da ake mayar da hankali akai shi ne sanarwar hukuma game da matakin bita na yanzu na kayan, tsarin lokacin saki, da kuma lokacin ingancin da ke tattare da shi. Fahimtar wannan bayani yana da muhimmanci ga injiniyoyi, kwararrun saye, da kungiyoyin tabbatar da inganci don tabbatar da amfani da daidai kuma amintaccen sigar kayan a cikin zane-zane da hanyoyin samarwa. Takardar ta kafa tushen gaskiya guda daya don ingantaccen yanayin fasaha na kayan a lokacin saki.

Babban fa'idar da wannan takarda ke isarwa shi ne bayyanawa da bin diddigin. Ta hanyar bayyana a fili Matakin Rayuwa a matsayin \"Bita na 4\" da kuma bayar da takamaiman Ranar Saki, tana kawar da shubuha game da wace sigar bayanan kayan ke nan ta yanzu kuma tana aiki. Sanarwar \"Lokacin Karewa: Har Abada\" tana nuna cewa wannan bitar ba ta da ƙayyadaddun ranar ƙarshen rayuwa, yana nuna cewa bayananta an yi niyya su kasance masu karko kuma ana samun su nan gaba, ban da wasu canje-canjen fasaha ko na aminci. Wannan karko fa'ida ce mai mahimmanci ga zane-zane na dogon lokaci da tsarin sarrafa kayayyaki.

2. Zurfin Fassarar Manufa na Sigogi na Fasaha

Yayin da abin da aka samo daga PDF ya mayar da hankali kan bayanan gudanarwa da rayuwa, cikakkiyar takardar fasaha don kayan LED za ta haɗa da sassa masu mahimmanci da yawa. Waɗannan sassan suna ba da bayanai masu ma'ana, waɗanda ake iya aunawa da su wajen zane-zane na kewaye da haɗa tsarin.

2.1 Halayen Hoto da Launi

Wannan sashe yana bayyana dalla-dalla game da fitowar haske da kaddarorin launi na LED. Muhimman sigogi sun haɗa da Juyin Haske, wanda aka auna a cikin lumens (lm), wanda ke ƙididdige ƙarfin haske da ake gani. Yanayin Zafin Jiki mai alaƙa (CCT), wanda aka auna a cikin Kelvin (K), yana bayyana ko hasken ya zama dumi (ƙananan K, misali, 2700K) ko sanyi (babban K, misali, 6500K). Ga LED masu launi, ana ƙayyadadden Tsawon Tsawon Tsakiya a cikin nanometers (nm). Haɗin gwiwar launi (misali, CIE x, y) suna ba da ma'anar ma'ana, ma'ana ta maki launi akan zanen sararin launi na yau da kullun. Ana gabatar da waɗannan sigogi tare da ƙananan ƙima, na yau da kullun, da matsakaicin ƙima a ƙarƙashin ƙayyadaddun yanayin gwaji (misali, gaba mai gaba, zafin jiki).

2.2 Sigogi na Lantarki

Halayen lantarki suna bayyana iyakokin aiki da aiki a ƙarƙashin matsin lantarki. Mafi mahimmancin sigogi shine Ƙarfin Lantarki na Gaba (Vf), wanda aka ƙayyade a wani gwajin gwaji da aka bayar (misali, 20mA, 150mA). Wannan faɗuwar ƙarfin lantarki a kan LED yana da mahimmanci don ƙirƙirar da'irar iyakancewar halin yanzu, kamar ƙimar resistor ko ƙayyadaddun direban halin yanzu na dindindin. Ƙimar Ƙarfin Lantarki na Baya (Vr) tana nuna matsakaicin ƙarfin lantarki da LED zai iya jurewa a cikin hanyar da ba ta gudana ba kafin rushewar faru. Sauran sigogi na iya haɗawa da matsakaicin Halin Yanzu na Ci gaba da Matsakaicin Halin Yanzu na Gaba don aikin bugun jini.

2.3 Halayen Zafi

Aikin LED da tsawon rayuwa suna da tasiri sosai ta hanyar zafin jiki. Babban sigogi a nan shine Juriyar Zafi, Junction-to-Ambient (RθJA), wanda aka bayyana a cikin digiri Celsius kowace watt (°C/W). Wannan ƙimar tana nuna yadda ingantaccen zafi da aka samar a mahadar semiconductor na LED ke watsewa zuwa muhallin da ke kewaye. Ƙananan RθJA yana nuna mafi kyawun watsewar zafi. Matsakaicin Zafin Junction (Tj max) shine matsakaicin zafin jiki mafi girma da kayan semiconductor zai iya jurewa ba tare da lalacewa ko gazawa na dindindin ba. An ƙididdige ingantaccen zafin zafi bisa waɗannan ƙimar don tabbatar da Tj ya kasance cikin iyakokin aminci yayin aiki.

3. Bayanin Tsarin Binning

Saboda bambance-bambancen da ke tattare da masana'antar semiconductor, ana rarraba LED zuwa kwandon aiki. Wannan tsarin yana tabbatar da daidaito ga mai amfani na ƙarshe.

3.1 Binning Tsawon Tsawon Tsakiya/Yanayin Zafin Jiki

Ana rarraba LED bisa ga tsawon tsakiya ko CCT. Ga fararen LED, wannan sau da yawa tsarin matakin ellipse na MacAdam (misali, mataki 3, mataki 5), yana bayyana yadda maki launi suke haɗuwa a kan zanen launi. Ƙaramin lambar mataki yana nuna mafi ƙarfin daidaiton launi.

3.2 Binning Juyin Haske

Ana rarraba LED bisa ga fitowar haske a gwajin gwaji na yau da kullun. Ana bayyana kwandon ta hanyar mafi ƙarancin ƙimar juyin haske da matsakaici (misali, Bin A: 100-110 lm, Bin B: 111-120 lm). Wannan yana ba masu zane damar zaɓar abubuwan da suka dace da takamaiman buƙatun haske.

3.3 Binning Ƙarfin Lantarki na Gaba

Don taimakawa wajen ƙirƙirar da'ira da girman wutar lantarki, ana iya rarraba LED ta hanyar faɗuwar ƙarfin lantarki na gaba a takamaiman halin yanzu. Wannan yana taimakawa wajen hasashen amfani da wutar lantarki da kuma tabbatar da daidaiton haske a cikin tsararrun da aka kunna ta hanyar tushen wutar lantarki guda ɗaya.

4. Bincike na Lanƙwasa Aiki

Bayanan hoto suna ba da zurfin fahimtar halayen LED fiye da ƙayyadaddun bayanai guda ɗaya.

4.1 Lanƙwasa Halayen Halin Yanzu-Ƙarfin Lantarki (I-V)

Wannan lanƙwasa tana zana halin yanzu na gaba da ƙarfin lantarki na gaba. Yana nuna alaƙar da ba ta layi ba inda LED ta fara gudanar da mahimmanci (ƙarfin lantarki na \"gwiwa\"). Gangaren lanƙwasa a yankin aiki yana da alaƙa da juriya mai ƙarfi. Wannan jadawali yana da mahimmanci don ƙirƙirar direbobi waɗanda ke aiki da inganci a cikin kewayon yanayi.

4.2 Dogaro da Yanayin Zafi

Lanƙwasa yawanci suna nuna yadda ƙarfin lantarki na gaba ke raguwa tare da haɓakar zafin jiki (don halin yanzu na dindindin) da kuma yadda juyin haske ke raguwa yayin da zafin jiki ya tashi. Fahimtar wannan raguwar zafin jiki yana da mahimmanci don ƙirƙirar tsarin da ke kiyaye aiki mai daidaito a cikin yanayi daban-daban na muhalli.

4.3 Rarraba Ƙarfin Bakan (SPD)

Wannan jadawali yana zana ƙarfin haske da aka fitar a duk faɗin bakan da ake iya gani (kuma wani lokacin fiye da haka). Ga fararen LED, yana bayyana haɗakar LED na famfo shuɗi da fitowar phosphor. SPD yana ƙayyade Fihirisar Fassara Launi (CRI) da ingancin launi na haske.

5. Bayanin Injiniya da Marufi

Wannan sashe yana ba da girman jiki da cikakkun bayanan haɗawa.

5.1 Zane mai Girman Girma

Cikakken zanen injiniya yana nuna daidai tsawon, faɗi, tsayi, da kowane mahimmin fasali kamar siffar ruwan tabarau ko shafukan hawa. Duk girmansu sun haɗa da juriya.

5.2 Tsarin Kafet ɗin da Ƙirar Sawun Ƙafa

An ba da shafin ƙasa na allon da'ira da aka buga (PCB) da aka ba da shawarar (sawun ƙafa). Wannan ya haɗa da girman, siffa, da tazara na kafet ɗin tagulla waɗanda za a yi wa tarkacen LED, yana tabbatar da ingantaccen haɗin injiniya da haɗin zafi.

3.3 Gano Polarity

Hanyar gano tashoshi na anode (+) da cathode (-) an bayyana su a fili, sau da yawa ta hanyar zanen da ke nuna tsaga, yanki mai yankewa, alama akan kunshin, ko tsayin jagora daban-daban.

6. Jagororin Solder da Hawa

Ingantaccen sarrafa yana tabbatar da dogaro.

6.1 Bayanin Solder na Reflow

Jadawali na lokaci-zafin jiki yana ƙayyade shafin reflow da aka ba da shawarar, gami da dumama, jiƙa, matsakaicin zafin jiki na reflow, da ƙimar sanyaya. An ba da iyakokin matsakaicin zafin jiki don hana lalata kunshin LED ko kayan ciki.

6.2 Kariya da Sarrafawa

Umarni sun haɗa da buƙatun kariya daga fitar da wutar lantarki (ESD), kamar yadda LED ke da hankali ga ƙarfin ƙarfin lantarki. Jagororin don magungunan tsaftacewa masu dacewa da kayan kunshin kuma ana iya haɗawa.

6.3 Yanayin Ajiya

An ƙayyade kewayon zafin jiki da zafi da aka ba da shawarar don ajiyar abubuwan da ba a yi amfani da su ba na dogon lokaci don hana shan danshi (wanda zai iya haifar da \"popcorning\" yayin reflow) ko wasu lalacewa.

7. Bayanin Marufi da Oda

Cikakkun bayanai kan yadda ake samar da abubuwan.

7.1 Ƙayyadaddun Marufi

Yana bayyana matsakaicin mai ɗaukar kaya, kamar girman tef-da-reel, adadin reel, ko ƙayyadaddun tire. Wannan bayanin yana da mahimmanci don saitin kayan aikin haɗawa ta atomatik.

7.2 Bayanin Lakabi

Yana bayyana bayanan da aka buga akan lakabin marufi, waɗanda galibi sun haɗa da lambar sashi, adadi, lambar kuri'a / rukuni, da lambar ranar don bin diddigin.

7.3 Tsarin Lambar Sashi

Yana warware tsarin lambar sashi, yana nuna yadda fage daban-daban suka dace da halaye kamar launi, kwandon juyi, kwandon ƙarfin lantarki, nau'in marufi, da fasali na musamman. Wannan yana ba da damar yin oda daidai.

8. Shawarwarin Aikace-aikace

Jagora don aiwatar da kayan.

8.1 Da'irori na Aikace-aikacen Yau da Kullun

Ana ba da zane-zane na asali na da'irori masu motsa jiki, kamar da'irar resistor mai sauƙi don aikace-aikacen ƙananan halin yanzu ko haɗin kai zuwa ICs direban halin yanzu na dindindin don aikace-aikacen mafi girma ko na daidaito.

8.2 Abubuwan da ake la'akari da Zane

Mahimman abubuwan sun haɗa da wajibcin daidaita halin yanzu (ba daidaita ƙarfin lantarki ba) don ingantaccen fitowar haske, muhimmancin sarrafa zafin jiki ta hanyar yankin tagulla na PCB ko heatsinks na waje, da la'akari da gani kamar kusurwar kallo don aikace-aikacen da aka yi niyya.

9. Kwatancin Fasaha

Yayin da takamaiman takardar bayanai bazai lissafa masu fafatawa ba, ana iya tattauna fa'idodin da ke tattare da fasahar kayan. Misali, LED da aka rubuta a nan, kasancewa a cikin matakin rayuwa mai karko na \"Bita na 4\", yana ba da fa'idar balagagge, aiki mai kyau da aka siffanta da kuma samuwa na dogon lokaci mai hasashe idan aka kwatanta da sabon bita, wanda ba a tabbatar da shi ba (Rev 0 ko 1). Wannan yana rage haɗarin zane da ƙoƙarin cancanta ga abokin ciniki na ƙarshe.

10. Tambayoyin da ake yawan yi (FAQ)

Dangane da tambayoyin sigogi na fasaha na gama gari.

Q: Me \"Matakin Rayuwa: Bita\" ke nufi?
A: Yana nuna cewa kayan yana cikin yanayin da aka yi sabuntawa ko gyare-gyare ga bayanansa. \"Bita na 4\" shine irin wannan sigar ta huɗu, yana nuna zane mai balaga da ingantaccen bita.

Q: Menene ma'anar \"Lokacin Karewa: Har Abada\"?
A: Wannan yana nuna cewa masana'anta a halin yanzu ba sa shirin ayyana wannan takamaiman bita a matsayin tsoho ko ƙare rayuwarsa. An yi niyya bayanan su kasance masu inganci har abada, suna tallafawa zane-zane na dogon lokaci. Koyaya, \"Har Abada\" kalma ce ta kasuwanci kuma tana iya canzawa tare da sanarwa mai mahimmanci.

Q: Yaya mahimmanci Ranar Saki?
A: Sosai. Yana kafa tushe. Duk wani abu da aka oda ko zane-zane da aka ƙirƙira bayan wannan ranar ya kamata ya koma wannan bita. Yana da mahimmanci don sarrafa siga da kuma tabbatar da cewa duk ɓangarorin da ke cikin sarkar wadata sun yi daidai da takamaiman ƙayyadaddun bayanai da ake amfani da su.

11. Amfani da Aikace-aikace na Aiki

Kayan da ke da matsayin bita mai karko, mai tsawon rai ya dace da aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar tallafi na dogon lokaci da ƙaramin cancanta. Misalai sun haɗa da alamomin panel iko na masana'antu, alamomin fita na gaggawa, hasken ababen more rayuwa (misali, a cikin gadoji ko ramuka), da fitilun matsayin na'urar likita. A cikin waɗannan fagagen, tsarin rayuwar samfur na iya ɗaukar shekaru da yawa, kuma ikon samo daidai wannan kayan shekaru bayan haka yana da mahimmanci don kulawa, gyara, da bin ka'idoji.

12. Gabatarwar Ka'ida

Diode mai Fitowa da Haske (LED) na'urar semiconductor ce da ke fitar da haske lokacin da wutar lantarki ta wuce ta. Wannan al'amari, wanda ake kira electroluminescence, yana faruwa lokacin da electrons suka sake haɗuwa tare da ramukan electron a cikin na'urar, suna sakin makamashi a cikin nau'in photons. Launin haske yana ƙaddara ta hanyar tazarar band na makamashi na kayan semiconductor da aka yi amfani da su. Ana ƙirƙirar fararen LED ta hanyar lulluɓe LED shuɗi ko ultraviolet tare da kayan phosphor, wanda ke ɗaukar wasu hasken LED kuma ya sake fitar da shi a tsayin daban-daban, yana haifar da farin haske mai faɗi.

13. Trends na Ci gaba

Masana'antar haske mai ƙarfi na ci gaba da haɓakawa tare da yanayi masu bayyanawa da yawa. Ingantacciyar inganci, wanda aka auna a cikin lumens kowace watt (lm/W), yana ci gaba da inganta, yana rage amfani da makamashi don fitowar haske iri ɗaya. Ma'auni na ingancin launi, kamar Fihirisar Fassara Launi (CRI) da sabbin ma'auni kamar TM-30, suna zama mafi tsauri, suna haifar da ingantattun fasahar phosphor da zane-zane na guntu da yawa. Ƙananan ƙarami yana ci gaba, yana ba da damar sabbin siffofi a cikin nuni da haske mai ƙarfi. A ƙarshe, haske mai hankali da haɗin kai, haɗa na'urori masu auna firikwensin da ka'idojin sadarwa, yana faɗaɗa ayyukan LED fiye da haske mai sauƙi zuwa wuraren watsa bayanai, haske mai da hankali ga ɗan adam, da haɗin IoT.