Takardar Bayanin Fasaha na LED - Sake Dubawa na 3 - Matakin Rayuwar Samfur - Ranar Saki 2014-12-15 - Hausa

1. Bayyani Game da Samfur

Wannan takardar bayanin fasaha tana ba da cikakken bayani game da kayan LED da ke cikin matakin rayuwar Sake Dubawa na 3. An fitar da takardar a hukumance a ranar 15 ga Disamba, 2014, kuma an keɓe ta da lokacin ƙarewa mara iyaka, wanda ke nuna matsayinta a matsayin ƙayyadaddun bayanai na dogon lokaci mai ƙarfi. Babban fa'idar wannan kayan shine cewa yana da matsayin sake dubawa da ya girma kuma an rubuta shi sosai, yana tabbatar da daidaito da amincin tsari da hanyoyin masana'antu. An yi niyya ne don aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar ingantattun hanyoyin haske masu ƙa'ida inda samuwa na dogon lokaci da kwanciyar hankali na ma'auni na fasaha suke da muhimmanci.

2. Zurfin Fassarar Ma'anar Ma'auni na Fasaha

Duk da cewa abin da aka samo ya mayar da hankali ne kan bayanan takarda, cikakkiyar takardar bayanin fasaha na kayan LED a cikin Sake Dubawa na 3 yawanci tana haɗawa da cikakkun ma'auni na fasaha. An fassara waɗannan a ƙasa bisa ga daidaitattun ayyukan masana'antu don irin waɗannan kayan.

2.1 Halayen Hasken Haske da Launi

Halayen hasken haske suna ayyana fitowar haske da inganci. Manyan ma'auni sun haɗa da ƙarfin fitowar haske (luminous flux), wanda ake aunawa cikin lumens (lm), wanda ke nuna jimillar ƙarfin haske da ake gani. Zazzabin launi mai alaƙa (CCT), wanda ake aunawa cikin Kelvin (K), yana ƙayyade ko hasken ya zama dumi, tsaka-tsaki, ko sanyi. Ma'auni na Nuna Launi (CRI) shine ma'aunin ikon tushen haske na bayyana launukan abubuwa daban-daban da gaskiya idan aka kwatanta da tushen haske na halitta. Tsawon raƙuman ruwa ko kololuwar tsawon raƙuman ruwa, wanda ake aunawa cikin nanometers (nm), yana ayyana launin da ake gani don LED masu launi ɗaya. Don samfurin Sake Dubawa na 3, ana sarrafa waɗannan ƙimomi sosai kuma an ƙayyade su a cikin ƙayyadaddun rukunoni don tabbatar da daidaiton launi da haske a cikin batutuwan samarwa.

2.2 Ma'auni na Lantarki

Ma'auni na lantarki suna da mahimmanci ga ƙirar da'ira. Ƙarfin lantarki na gaba (Vf) shine raguwar ƙarfin lantarki a kan LED yayin aiki a ƙayyadaddun halin yanzu na gaba (If). Yawanci ana ƙayyade shi a daidaitaccen gwajin halin yanzu (misali, 20mA, 150mA, 350mA) kuma yana iya samun kewayon (misali, 2.9V zuwa 3.4V). Halin yanzu na gaba shine shawarar halin yanzu na aiki don cimma ƙayyadaddun fitowar haske. An kuma ayyana matsakaicin ƙima don ƙarfin lantarki na baya (Vr), kololuwar halin yanzu na gaba, da ɓarnawar wutar lantarki don hana gazawar na'urar. Sake dubawa mai ƙarfi yana nuna cewa an tabbatar da waɗannan ma'auni kuma ba sa yin canji akai-akai.

2.3 Halayen Zafi

Aikin LED da tsawon rayuwa suna tasiri sosai ta hanyar zafin jiki. Zafin haɗin gwiwa (Tj) shine zafin jiki a guntun semiconductor da kansa. Juriyar zafi, haɗin gwiwa-zuwa-yanayi (RθJA), wanda ake aunawa cikin °C/W, yana nuna yadda ake canja wurin zafi daga guntun zuwa muhallin da ke kewaye. Ƙimar ƙasa tana nuna mafi kyawun ɓarkewar zafi. Matsakaicin zafin haɗin gwiwa da aka yarda (Tj max) shine iyaka mai mahimmanci; wuce gona da iri na iya haifar da raguwar lumen cikin sauri da rage tsawon lokacin aiki. Daidaitaccen heatsinking yana da mahimmanci don kiyaye Tj a cikin iyakoki masu aminci.

3. Bayanin Tsarin Rarraba (Binning)

Ana amfani da tsarin rarraba don rarraba LED bisa ɗan bambance-bambance a cikin masana'antu, rarraba su cikin rukunoni na aiki don tabbatar da daidaito ga mai amfani na ƙarshe.

3.1 Rarraba Tsawon Raƙuman Ruwa/Zazzabin Launi

Ana rarraba LED cikin rukunoni bisa ga babban tsawon raƙuman ruwa (don LED masu launi) ko kuma zazzabin launi mai alaƙa (don fararen LED). Misali, fararen LED za a iya rarraba su cikin rukunonin 3000K, 4000K, da 5000K, kowannensu yana da izinin kewayon +/- 'yan ɗaruruwan Kelvin. Wannan yana ba masu ƙira damar zaɓar daidaitaccen launin da ake buƙata don aikace-aikacensu.

3.2 Rarraba Ƙarfin Fitowar Haske (Luminous Flux)

Hakanan ana rarraba LED bisa ga ƙarfin fitowar haske a daidaitaccen gwajin halin yanzu. Ana ayyana rukunoni ta mafi ƙarancin da matsakaicin ƙimar lumen. Wannan yana tabbatar da cewa samfuran da ke buƙatar takamaiman matakin haske za a iya samun su cikin aminci tare da kayan daga rukunin ƙarfin fitowar haske ɗaya.

3.3 Rarraba Ƙarfin Ƙarfafawa Gaba (Forward Voltage)

Rukunonin ƙarfin lantarki na gaba suna haɗa LED masu halaye iri ɗaya na Vf. Wannan yana da mahimmanci musamman ga ƙirar da yawan LED ke haɗuwa a jere, saboda ƙimar Vf da ba su dace ba na iya haifar da rarraba halin yanzu mara daidaituwa da bambance-bambancen haske.

4. Nazarin Lanƙwasa Aiki

Bayanan hoto suna ba da zurfin fahimtar halayen kayan a ƙarƙashin yanayi daban-daban.

4.1 Lanƙwasa Halin Yanzu da Ƙarfin Lantarki (I-V)

Lanƙwasa I-V tana kwatanta alaƙar da ke tsakanin halin yanzu na gaba da raguwar ƙarfin lantarki na gaba. Ba shi da layi, yana nuna ƙaramin ƙarfin lantarki wanda ƙasa da shi ƙaramin halin yanzu ke gudana. Gangaren lanƙwasa a yankin aiki yana da alaƙa da juriya mai ƙarfi na LED. Wannan jadawali yana da mahimmanci don ƙirar da'irar iyakance halin yanzu.

4.2 Halayen Yanayin Zafi

Jadawali yawanci yana nuna yadda ƙarfin lantarki na gaba da ƙarfin fitowar haske ke canzawa tare da zafin haɗin gwiwa. Ƙarfin lantarki na gaba gabaɗaya yana raguwa tare da ƙara zafin jiki (coefficient na zafi mara kyau). Ƙarfin fitowar haske yana raguwa yayin da zafin jiki ya tashi; ana nuna wannan alaƙar a matsayin ƙarfin fitowar haske mai alaƙa da zafin haɗin gwiwa. Fahimtar wannan raguwa shine mabuɗin don ƙirar sarrafa zafi.

4.3 Rarraba Ƙarfin Haske a kowane tsawon raƙuman ruwa (Spectral Power Distribution)

Don fararen LED, jadawalin SPD yana nuna ƙarfin haske da ake fitarwa a kowane tsawon raƙuman ruwa a cikin bakan haske da ake iya gani. Yana bayyana kololuwar LED na bugun shuɗi da faɗaɗɗen fitar da phosphor, yana taimakawa wajen fahimtar ingancin launin haske da CRI.

5. Bayanin Injiniya da Kunshin Samfur

An ayyana girman jiki da ginin kunshin LED a nan.

5.1 Zanen Girman Samfur

Cikakken zanen injiniya yana ba da daidaitaccen tsayi, faɗi, tsayi, da lanƙwasa na kunshin LED. Ya haɗa da izini don duk mahimman girma don tabbatar da dacewa da kayan aikin sanya atomatik da tsarin gani.

5.2 Tsarin Filaye da Zanen Filayen Solder

An ƙayyade shawarar ƙafar (tsarin ƙasa) don PCB. Wannan ya haɗa da girman, siffa, da tazara na filayen tagulla waɗanda za a yi solder ga tashoshin LED. Yin bin wannan ƙirar yana tabbatar da samuwar haɗin solder da ya dace, kwanciyar hankali na injiniya, da kuma watsa zafi.

5.3 Gano Ƙarshen Anode da Cathode

An nuna hanyar gano tashoshin anode (+) da cathode (-) a sarari. Ana yin hakan sau da yawa ta hanyar alama akan kunshin (kamar notch, ɗigo, ko yanke kusurwa), dogon jagora (don rami), ko takamaiman siffar filaye/silkscreen akan tsarin PCB.

6. Jagororin Solder da Haɗawa

Kulawa da solder da ya dace suna da mahimmanci ga aminci.

6.1 Yanayin Solder na Reflow

An ba da shawarar yanayin zafin jiki na reflow, gami da matakan dumama, jiƙa, reflow (kololuwar zafin jiki), da sanyaya. An ƙayyade matsakaicin iyakokin zafin jiki da lokacin sama da ruwa don hana lalacewar zafi ga kunshin LED, ruwan tabarau, ko kayan haɗin guntun ciki.

6.2 Abubuwan da Ya kamata a Kula da su da Kula da Samfur

Jagororin sun haɗa da kariya daga fitar da wutar lantarki (ESD), wanda zai iya lalata haɗin gwiwar semiconductor. An haɗa da shawarwari don yanayin ajiya (zafin jiki, ɗanɗano) da tsawon rayuwar shinge. Umarnin hana amfani da matsin lamba na injiniya ga ruwan tabarau suma na yau da kullun.

6.3 Yanayin Ajiya

Ya kamata a adana LED a cikin yanayi mai sarrafawa, yawanci a tsakanin zafin jiki na 5°C zuwa 30°C kuma a ƙananan ɗanɗano, sau da yawa a cikin jakunkunan shinge na ɗanɗano tare da bushewa idan sun kasance na'urori masu hankali ga ɗanɗano (MSD).

7. Bayanin Kunshin da Oda

7.1 Ƙayyadaddun Kunshi

An kwatanta kunshin naúrar (misali, tef da reel don na'urori masu sanya saman, bututu, ko trays), gami da girman reel, tazarar aljihu, da kuma alkibla. An ƙayyade adadin kowane reel, bututu, ko jaka.

7.2 Bayanin Alama

An bayyana bayanin da aka buga akan alamar kunshi, wanda zai iya haɗawa da lambar sashi, lambar rukunin, lambar kuri'a, lambar kwanan wata, da adadi.

7.3 Tsarin Lambar Samfur

An fassara ƙa'idar sunan samfurin. Lambar sashi ta yau da kullun na iya haɗawa da lambobin don nau'in kunshi, launi, rukunin ƙarfin fitowar haske, rukunin zazzabin launi, rukunin ƙarfin lantarki, da sauran fasalulluka na musamman, yana ba da damar yin oda daidai ga ƙayyadaddun bayanin da ake buƙata.

8. Shawarwari na Aikace-aikace

8.1 Da'irori na Aikace-aikace na Yau da Kullun

Sau da yawa ana haɗa da zane-zane don da'irori na tuƙi na asali, kamar mai iyakance halin yanzu na resistor mai sauƙi don aikace-aikacen ƙaramin wutar lantarki ko da'irori na tuƙi na yau da kullun don aikace-aikacen mafi girma ko na daidaito. An tattauna abubuwan da ya kamata a yi la'akari da su don haɗuwa a jere/a layi daya.

8.2 Abubuwan da Ya kamata a Yi la'akari da su Lokacin Ɗauki

Manyan shawarwarin ƙira sun haɗa da dabarun sarrafa zafi (yankin tagulla na PCB, ramukan zafi, heatsinks na waje), ƙirar gani (zaɓin ruwan tabarau, tazara), da ƙirar lantarki (daidaita masu tuƙi zuwa ƙarfin lantarki na gaba na LED da halin yanzu, kariya daga halin yanzu na farko, dacewa da dusar ƙanƙara).

9. Kwatancen Fasaha

Duk da cewa kwatancen kai tsaye yana buƙatar takamaiman abokin hamayya, fa'idodin samfurin Sake Dubawa na 3 da ya girma gabaɗaya sun haɗa da ingantaccen aminci, ɗimbin tarihin filin, tsarin samarwa mai ƙarfi, cikakkun takardu, da fahimtar halayen aiki. Yiwuwar ciniki na iya haɗawa da ɗan ƙarancin ma'auni na ci gaba (misali, ƙananan lumens a kowace watt) idan aka kwatanta da kayan zamani na ƙarshe, amma ana biyan wannan ta hanyar tsinkaya da ƙaramin haɗari a cikin ƙira.

10. Tambayoyin da ake yawan yi (FAQ)

Q: Me ake nufi da "Matakin Rayuwar Samfur: Sake Dubawa na 3"?

A: Yana nuna cewa wannan shine babban sake dubawa na uku na takardu da ƙayyadaddun samfurin. Ƙirar samfurin tana da ƙarfi, kuma canje-canje kaɗan ne, suna mai da hankali kan bayyanawa ko ƙananan ingantawa maimakon sake ƙira na asali.

Q: Menene ma'anar "Lokacin Ƙarewa: Har Abada"?

A: Wannan takarda ba ta da ranar da za ta ƙare da shiri. An yi niyya don ƙayyadaddun bayanai su kasance masu inganci har abada, suna tallafawa ƙirar samfur da kiyayewa na dogon lokaci.

Q: Shin zan iya haɗa LED daga rukunoni daban-daban a cikin samfur ɗaya?

A: An ƙarfafa hakan sosai don aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar daidaiton launi ko haske. Haɗa rukunoni na iya haifar da bambance-bambancen da ake iya gani. Koyaushe ka ƙayyade kuma ka yi amfani da LED daga rukunin ɗaya don sakamako masu daidaito.

Q: Yaya mahimmanci sarrafa zafi ga wannan LED?

A: Yana da mahimmanci ga duk LED masu ƙarfi. Wuce gona da iri na matsakaicin zafin haɗin gwiwa zai rage fitowar haske da tsawon lokacin aiki sosai. Koyaushe bi jagororin juriyar zafi kuma ka ƙirƙiri madaidaicin mafita na heatsinking.

11. Misalan Amfani na Ainihi

Misali na 1: Hasken Layi na Gine-gine:LED na Sake Dubawa na 3 yana da kyau don hasken cove na dogon lokaci ko hasken facade inda daidaiton launi daga ƙarshen gudu zuwa ɗayan ke da mahimmanci. Rarraba mai ƙarfi da fasahar da ta girma suna tabbatar da ƙaramin canjin launi a tsawon rayuwar shigarwa.

Misali na 2: Alamomin Panel na Masana'antu:Don fitilun matsayi akan injina ko allunan sarrafawa, aminci da samuwa na dogon lokaci sune mabuɗi. Yin amfani da kayan Sake Dubawa na 3 yana tabbatar da cewa maye gurbin LED za su kasance da halaye iri ɗaya shekaru bayan haka, suna kiyaye ingancin tsarin.

Misali na 3: Maye gurbin Module na LED:Lokacin ƙirar module don maye gurbin hasken gargajiya (misali, halogen MR16), ƙayyadaddun ma'auni na lantarki da zafi na LED na Sake Dubawa na 3 suna ba da damar daidaita mai tuƙi da ƙirar heatsinking, suna tabbatar da aiki mai aminci da inganci a cikin kayan aikin da aka rufe.

12. Gabatarwa Game da Ka'idar Aiki

Diodes masu Fitowar Haske (LED) na'urori ne na semiconductor waɗanda ke fitar da haske lokacin da wutar lantarki ta wuce ta cikin su. Wannan abin mamaki, da ake kira electroluminescence, yana faruwa lokacin da electrons suka sake haɗuwa tare da ramukan electron a cikin na'urar, suna sakin makamashi a cikin nau'in photons. Launin hasken yana ƙaddara ta hanyar tazarar band na makamashi na kayan semiconductor da aka yi amfani da su. Fararen LED yawanci ana ƙirƙira su ta hanyar amfani da guntun LED shuɗi ko ultraviolet da aka lulluɓe da wani abu na phosphor. Phosphor yana ɗaukar wani ɓangare na hasken guntun kuma yana sake fitar da shi a tsayin raƙuman ruwa masu tsayi (rawaya, ja), yana haɗuwa da sauran hasken shuɗi don samar da fari. Takamaiman kayan, gine-ginen guntun, da tsarin phosphor suna ayyana ingancin LED, ingancin launi, da aminci.

13. Hanyoyin Ci Gaba

Masana'antar haske mai ƙarfi na ci gaba da haɓakawa. Manyan abubuwan da ke faruwa sun haɗa da ƙara ingancin haske (lumens a kowace watt), tura iyakokin ka'idar kayan semiconductor. Akwai mai da hankali sosai kan inganta ingancin launi, tare da babban CRI (90+) da cikakken bakan LED suna zama ruwan dare gama gari don aikace-aikacen inda daidaitaccen nuna launi ke da mahimmanci. Ƙananan ƙira yana ci gaba, yana ba da damar mafi girma yawa da sabbin siffofi. Haɗin haske mai hankali, wanda ke da sarrafawa da hankali a ciki, fage ne mai girma. Bugu da ƙari, bincike a cikin sabbin kayan kamar perovskites da ɗigon ƙididdigewa yana yi wa alƙawarin tsalle-tsalle na gaba a cikin aiki da ikon daidaita launi. Hakanan yanayin yana jaddada dorewa, tare da manufofin mafi inganci, tsawon rayuwa, da rage amfani da mahimman albarkatun ƙasa.