Takardar Tsarin Rayuwar Kayan LED - Sake Dubawa Na 3 - Ranar Saki 2014-12-05 - Cikakken Bayanin Fasaha

1. Bayyani Game da Takarda

Wannan takardar fasaha tana aiki azaman cikakken bayani don sarrafa tsarin rayuwar wani kayan lantarki na musamman, wanda aka gano a nan a matsayin LED don dalilai na mahallin. Babban bayanin ya shafi tarihin sake dubawa da matsayin saki. An tsara takardar don ba da ƙwararrun injiniyoyi, ƙwararrun masu sayayya, da maʼaikatan tabbatar da inganci bayanai masu bayyanawa, marasa shakka game da ingantaccen sigar kayan da lokacin ingancinsa. Fahimtar wannan bayanin tsarin rayuwa yana da mahimmanci don tabbatar da daidaiton ƙira, maimaitawar masanaʼanta, da kwanciyar hankali na tsarin samar da kayayyaki na dogon lokaci a cikin haɗar samfurin lantarki.

2. Maʼaunai na Tsarin Rayuwa

Takardar ta ƙara jaddada saiti guda ƙwaƙai, mai daidaitaccen maʼaunai na tsarin rayuwa, yana nuna cewa wannan shine babban wurin bayanai don matsayin kayan.

2.1 Matakin Tsarin Rayuwa

An bayyanaMatakin Tsarin Rayuwaa sarari a matsayinSake Dubawa. Wannan yana nuna cewa cikakkun bayanan kayan sun sha canji daga sigar da ta gabata. Matakin sake dubawa yawanci yana nuna gyare-gyare na aiki ko na maʼauni waɗanda suka dace da sigar da ta gabata ko kuma suna da ƙananan gyare-gyare, sabanin gabatarwar sabon samfuri ko matsayin ƙarshen rayuwa.

2.2 Lambar Sake Dubawa

Mai alaƙa da wannanLambar Sake Dubawadon wannan matakin ita ce33. Wannan lamba tana nuna jerin cikakkun sake dubawa. Sake Dubawa Na 3 ya maye gurbin duk sake dubawan da suka gabata (misali, Sake Dubawa Na 1, Sake Dubawa Na 2). Yana da mahimmanci ga masu amfani su koma zuwa wannan takamaiman lambar sake dubawa a duk fayilolin ƙira, lissafin kayan (BOMs), da takaddun inganci don guje wa saɓani.

2.3 Lokacin Karewa

An ayyanaLokacin Karewaa matsayinHar Abada. Wannan wata muhimmiyar sanarwa ce maʼanan babu wani lokacin karewa ko lalacewa da aka tsara don wannan takamaiman sake dubawa a ƙarƙashin yanayi na alʼada. An yi niyya ne don samar da kayan na ci gaba, na dogon lokaci. Wannan matsayin yana ba da tsaro na tsarin samar da kayayyaki ga samfuran da aka ƙera da wannan kayan.

2.4 Ranar Saki

An yiwaRanar Sakialamar lokaci daidai kamar2014-12-05 11:59:33.0. Wannan yana nuna ranar da lokacin hukuma lokacin da aka ba da izini kuma aka saki Sake Dubawa Na 3 don amfani da masanaʼanta da ƙira. Duk cikakkun bayanan da ke cikin cikakken takardar bayanai (wanda wannan taken ya nuna) suna aiki tun daga wannan lokacin.

3. Binciken Maʼaunai na Fasaha

Yayin da guntun da aka bayar ya mai da hankali kan bayanan tsarin rayuwa (metadata), cikakken takardar bayanai ta fasaha don kayan LED zai ƙunshi maʼaunai masu yawa. Sasannin masu zuwa sun ƙididdige nauʼoʼin bayanan da ke tare da irin wannan bayanin tsarin rayuwa, bisa ga daidaitaccen aikin masanaʼantu don takaddun LED.

3.1 Halayen Haske (Photometric)

Maʼaunai na photometric suna ayyana fitar da haske da inganci. Muhimman cikakkun bayanai sun haɗa da Yawan Haske (Luminous Flux) (wanda aka auna a lumens, lm), wanda ke nuna jimillar fitar da haske da ake iya gani. Ƙarfin Haske (Luminous Intensity) (wanda aka auna a candelas, cd) yana bayyana ƙarfin haske a kowace sashin kusurwa mai ƙarfi. Zazzabin Launi Mai Alaƙa (CCT, wanda aka auna a Kelvin, K) yana ƙayyade ko hasken ya zama dumi, tsaka-tsaki, ko sanyi. Maʼaunin Bayyana Launi (CRI, Ra) maʼauni ne na yadda tushen haske ke bayyana launukan abubuwa daidai idan aka kwatanta da tushen haske na halitta, tare da mafi girman ƙimomi (kusa da 100) sun fi kyau. Tsawon Raɗi Mai Rinjaye ko kololuwar tsawon raɗi yana ayyana launin da ake gani ga LED masu launi guda.

3.2 Maʼaunai na Lantarki

Halayen lantarki sune tushe don ƙirar daʼira. Ƙarfin Lantarki na Gaba (Vf) shine raguwar ƙarfin lantarki a kan LED lokacin aiki a wani takamaiman ƙarfin lantarki, yawanci ana bayar da shi azaman kewayon (misali, 2.8V zuwa 3.4V). Ƙarfin Lantarki na Gaba (If) shine ƙarfin lantarki na aiki da aka ba da shawarar, sau da yawa ƙima ta yau da kullun kamar 20mA, 60mA, ko 150mA dangane da marufi da ƙimar wuta. Ƙarfin Lantarki na Baya (Vr) yana nuna matsakaicin ƙarfin lantarki da LED zai iya jurewa lokacin da aka karkata shi zuwa hanyar da ba ta wucewa ba. Ragewar Wuta (Pd) shine matsakaicin wutar da aka yarda da ita wanda marufin zai iya ɗauka, yana laʼakari iyakokin lantarki da na zafi.

3.3 Halayen Zafi

Sarrafa zafi yana da mahimmanci ga aikin LED da tsawon rayuwarsa. Juriyar Zafi daga Haɗin zuwa Yanayi (RθJA) tana ƙididdige yadda zafi ke tafiya yadda ya kamata daga haɗin semiconductor zuwa iskar da ke kewaye. Ƙananan ƙima yana nuna mafi kyawun rage zafi. Matsakaicin Zazzabin Haɗi (Tj max) shine mafi girman zazzabin da aka yarda da shi a kan ƙirar LED ƙanta; wuce wannan iyaka yana rage tsawon rayuwa sosai kuma zai iya haifar da gazawa nan take. Waɗannan maʼaunai suna ƙayyade buƙatun sanyaya ko ƙirar PCB don aiki mai dogaro.

4. Tsarin Rarraba da Tsarawa

Masanaʼantar LED tana samar da bambance-bambance na halitta. Tsarin rarraba yana rarraba kayayyaki zuwa ƙungiyoyi tare da maʼaunai masu sarrafa ƙwaƙai.

4.1 Rarraba Tsawon Raɗi / Zazzabin Launi

Ana rarraba LED masu fari zuwa rukunoni bisa ga CCT (misali, 2700K, 3000K, 4000K, 5000K, 6500K) kuma sau da yawa a cikin matakin ellipse na MacAdam (misali, mataki 2, mataki 3) don tabbatar da daidaiton launi. Ana rarraba LED masu launi ta tsawon raɗi mai rinjaye (misali, 625nm ± 2nm).

4.2 Rarraba Yawan Haske (Luminous Flux)

Ana rarraba LED ta hanyar fitar da haske a daidaitaccen ƙarfin lantarki na gwaji. Ana ayyana rukunoni ta mafi ƙanƙanta da/ko matsakaicin ƙimar yawan haske (misali, Rukuni A: 20-22 lm, Rukuni B: 22-24 lm). Wannan yana ba masu ƙira damar zaɗen ingantaccen matakin haske don aikace-aikacensu.

4.3 Rarraba Ƙarfin Lantarki na Gaba (Forward Voltage)

Don sauƙaƙa ƙirar mai turawa da tabbatar da rarraba ƙarfin lantarki daidai a cikin jeri, ana iya rarraba LED ta hanyar raguwar ƙarfin lantarki na gaba a wani takamaiman ƙarfin lantarki na gwaji (misali, Rukuni Vf 1: 3.0V-3.2V, Rukuni Vf 2: 3.2V-3.4V).

5. Binciken Lankwasa Aiki

Bayanan hoto suna ba da zurfin fahimta game da halayen kayan a ƙarƙashin yanayi daban-daban.

5.1 Lankwasa Ƙarfin Lantarki da Ƙarfin Wuta (I-V)

Lankwasa I-V tana nuna alaƙar da ba ta layi ba tsakanin ƙarfin lantarki na gaba da ƙarfin wuta na gaba. Yana da mahimmanci don ƙayyade wurin aiki da ƙirar daʼira mai iyakance ƙarfin lantarki (misali, resistor ko mai turawa mai ƙarfin lantarki akai-akai). Lankwasa yawanci tana nuna juyi mai kaifi a ƙarfin wuta na bakin ƙofa.

5.2 Halayen Zazzabi

Hotuna suna kwatanta yadda mahimman maʼaunai ke canzawa tare da zazzabi. Yawan haske yawanci yana raguwa yayin da zazzabin haɗi ya ƙaru. Ƙarfin wuta na gaba shima yana raguwa tare da ƙaruwar zazzabi, wanda zai iya shafar daidaitawar ƙarfin lantarki idan ba a sarrafa shi yadda ya kamata ba. Waɗannan lankwasu suna da mahimmanci don ƙirar tsarin da ke kiyaye aiki a cikin kewayon yanayin zafi da aka yi niyya.

5.3 Rarraba Ƙarfin Haske ta Tsawon Raɗi (SPD)

Hotunan SPD suna zana ƙarfin haske mai alaƙa da aka fitar a kowane tsawon raɗi. Ga LED masu fari, yana nuna kololuwar famfon shuɗi da faɗin bakan haske da aka canza zuwa phosphor. Wannan hoton yana da mahimmanci don bincika maʼaunai na ingancin launi kamar CRI da kuma aikace-aikace tare da takamaiman hankali na bakan haske.

6. Bayanan Ƙirar Jiki da Marufi

Cikakkun bayanan jiki suna tabbatar da dacewa da haɗawa daidai.

6.1 Zanen Bayyanannen Girma

Cikakken zanen injiniya yana ba da duk mahimman girma: tsayi, faɗi, tsawo, tazarar jagora, da duk wani rangwame. Wannan yana da mahimmanci don ƙirar shafin ƙafa na PCB da tabbatar da ƙetare a cikin cikakken haɗawa.

6.2 Ƙirar Shafin Ƙafa (Pad Layout)

An ƙayyade shafin ƙafa na PCB da aka ba da shawarar (geometar shafin ƙafa da girman) don tabbatar da samuwar haɗin solder mai dogaro yayin reflow ko solder na igiyar ruwa. Wannan ya haɗa da buƙatun buƙe solder mask.

6.3 Gano Ƙashin Lantarki (Polarity)

An nuna hanyar gano anode da cathode a sarari, yawanci ta hanyar alama akan kayan (misali, tsaga, ƙwaiƙwaya, layi kore, ko sashen kusurwa) ko ta hanyar tsayin jagora mara daidaito. Daidaitaccen ƙashin lantarki yana da mahimmanci don aiki.

7. Jagororin Solder da Haɗawa

7.1 Bayanin Yanayin Solder na Reflow

An ba da shawarar bayanin yanayin zazzabin reflow, gami da dumama, jiƙa, kololuwar zazzabin reflow (yawanci bai wuce 260°C ba na wani takamaiman lokaci, misali, dakika 10 sama da 240°C), da yawan sanyaya. Yin bin wannan bayanin yana hana lalacewar zafi ga marufin LED da ƙirar ciki.

7.2 Ƙaɗaɗɗuwar Kulawa

Ƙaɗaɗɗuwar sun haɗa da amfani da kariyar ESD (sake fitar da wutar lantarki) yayin kulawa, guje wa matsin lamba na injiniya akan ruwan tabarau, da hana gurƙata saman gani. Wasu LED suna da hankali ga danshi kuma suna iya buƙatar gasa kafin solder idan an fallasa marufi.

7.3 Yanayin Ajiya

An ƙayyade mafi kyawun yanayin ajiya, yawanci a cikin yanayi mai sanyi, bushewa tare da sarrafa danshi (misali, <40% danshi na dangi a 25°C) don hana shan danshi da lalata kayan.

8. Shawarwarin Aikace-aikace

8.1 Daʼiraʼi na Aikace-aikace na Yau da Kullun

An nuna daʼiraʼi na aikace-aikace na asali, kamar daʼiraʼi mai sauƙi na resistor na jerin gwano don alamomin ƙarfin lantarki ƙanƙanta ko daʼiraʼi na mai turawa mai ƙarfin lantarki akai-akai don LED masu wuta. Sau da yawa ana haɗa da lissafin ƙira don ƙididdige resistor mai iyakance ƙarfin lantarki.

8.2 Abubuwan da Ake Laʼakari Lokacin Ƙira

Muhimman abubuwan da ake laʼakari sun haɗa da sarrafa zafi (yankin tagulla na PCB, masu sanyaya), ƙirar gani (ruwan tabarau, masu haskakawa), shimfiɗar lantarki don rage amo, da jagororin rage ƙima don aiki a ƙaruwar yanayin zafi don tabbatar da dogon lokaci na dogaro.

9. Amincewa da Tsawon Rayuwa

Ko da yake ba a cikin guntu ba, cikakken takardar bayanai tana ayyana tsammanin tsawon rayuwa, galibi ana bayyana shi da L70 ko L50 (lokacin da yawan haske ya ragu zuwa 70% ko 50% na farkon fitarwa) ƙarƙashin kayyadaddun yanayin aiki (misali, yanayin zafi na 25°C, ƙarfin lantarki na yau da kullun). Wannan ya dogara ne akan gwajin rayuwa mai sauri kuma maʼauni ne mai mahimmanci ga aikace-aikacen haske.

10. Fassarar Bayanan da aka Bayar

Layukan da aka maimaita a cikin abun da ke cikin PDF suna nuna cewa taken takarda ko ƙasan shafin da ke bayyana a kowane shafi. Bayanan guda ƙwaƙai--Matakin Tsarin Rayuwa: Sake Dubawa : 3, Lokacin Karewa: Har Abada, Ranar Saki: 2014-12-05--shine bayanan tsarin rayuwa (metadata) masu daidaito, masu ayyana duk cikakken bayanin fasaha da ke tare da su. Dole ne injiniyoyi su tabbatar cewa duk wani bugu ko saukakken kwafin cikakken takardar bayanai yana ƙauke da wannan takamaiman bayanin sake dubawa da saki don tabbatar cewa suna aiki da ingantattun bayanai na yanzu. "Har Abada" lokacin karewa na Sake Dubawa Na 3, wanda aka saki a ƙarshen 2014, yana nuna cikakken sigar samfuri mai ƙarfi wacce aka ƙware don amfani na dogon lokaci, yana ba da hasashe mai mahimmanci na tsarin samar da kayayyaki ga ƙirar da aka aiwatar bayan wannan ranar.