Takardar Bayani na Fasaha na HIR67-21C/L11/TR8 Mini-Top Infrared LED - Tsawon Raɗin Raɗi 850nm - Kusurwar Dubawa 120° - Halin Yanzu na Gaba 65mA - Takardar Fasaha ta Hausa

1. Bayyani Game da Samfur

HIR67-21C/L11/TR8 babban diode mai fitar da infrared (IR) ne wanda aka ƙera don aikace-aikacen haɗawa da saman. An sanya shi a cikin ƙaramin kunshin SMD mai lebur, wanda aka ƙera daga robobi masu tsabta na ruwa, wanda ke aiki azaman ruwan tabarau. Na'urar an ƙera ta don fitar da haske a tsayin raɗin raɗi na 850nm, yana sa ya dace da na'urorin daukar hoto na silicon da phototransistors na gama gari. Wannan daidaitawa yana da mahimmanci don haɓaka ingantaccen gano tsarin a cikin tsarin haske na lantarki.

Babban fa'idodinsa sun haɗa da ƙarancin ƙarfin lantarki na gaba, wanda ke taimakawa wajen ingantaccen amfani da makamashi, da kuma dacewa da daidaitattun hanyoyin solder na infrared da tururi. Har ila yau, abin ya yi daidai da mahimman ka'idojin muhalli da aminci, kasancewar ba shi da gubar, ya bi ka'idodin RoHS, ya bi ka'idodin EU REACH, kuma ba shi da halogen, yana cika takamaiman ƙa'idodin abun ciki na bromine da chlorine.

Kasuwar da aka yi niyya don wannan IR LED ta shafi sassa daban-daban na masu amfani da masana'antu na lantarki inda ake buƙatar ingantaccen gano haske wanda ba a iya gani ba.

2. Zurfin Bincike na Ma'aunin Fasaha

2.1 Matsakaicin Matsakaici na Cikakke

Waɗannan ƙididdiga suna bayyana iyakokin da za su iya haifar da lalacewa na dindindin ga na'urar. Ba a ba da garantin aiki a ƙarƙashin waɗannan sharuɗɗan ba.

• Halin Yanzu na Gaba na Ci gaba (IF):65 mA. Wannan shine matsakaicin halin yanzu na DC wanda za'a iya wucewa ta hanyar LED a ci gaba.
• Ƙarfin Lantarki na Baya (VR):5 V. Wuce wannan ƙarfin lantarki na baya zai iya haifar da rushewar haɗin gwiwa.
• Yanayin Aiki & Ajiya (Topr, Tstg):-40°C zuwa +100°C. Wannan faɗin kewayon yana tabbatar da amincin aiki a cikin mawuyacin yanayi.
• Zazzabi na Solder (Tsol):260°C na matsakaicin dakika 5, ya dace da bayanan reflow marasa gubar.
• Ragewar Wutar Lantarki (Pd):130 mW a ko ƙasa da 25°C yanayin yanayi. Ana buƙatar rage ƙarfin wutar lantarki a yanayin zafi mafi girma.

2.2 Halayen Lantarki da Haske (Ta=25°C)

Waɗannan ma'auni suna bayyana aikin na'urar a ƙarƙashin yanayin aiki na al'ada.

• Ƙarfin Radiant (Ie):Yawanci 2.0 mW/sr a halin yanzu na gaba (IF) na 20mA. A ƙarƙashin aikin pulsed (faɗin bugun jini 100μs, ≤1% aikin aiki) a 100mA, zai iya kaiwa 10 mW/sr.
• Tsawon Raɗin Raɗi (λp):850 nm (na al'ada). Wannan shine tsayin raɗin raɗi inda ƙarfin haske da aka fitar ya kasance mafi girma.
• Faɗin Bandwidth na Raɗin Raɗi (Δλ):45 nm (na al'ada). Wannan yana nuna kewayon tsayin raɗin raɗi da aka fitar, wanda ya ta'allaka a kusa da kololuwa.
• Ƙarfin Lantarki na Gaba (VF):Yawanci 1.45V a 20mA, tare da matsakaicin 1.65V. A 100mA (pulsed), yana kewayo daga 1.80V zuwa 2.40V.
• Halin Yanzu na Baya (IR):Matsakaicin 10 μA a ƙarfin lantarki na baya na 5V.
• Kusurwar Dubawa (2θ1/2):Digiri 120 (na al'ada). Wannan shine cikakken kusurwar da ƙarfin radiant ya ragu zuwa rabin matsakaicin ƙimarsa, yana nuna tsarin haske mai faɗi sosai.

3. Bincike na Lankwasa Ayyuka

Takardar bayani tana ba da lankwasu masu mahimmanci don ƙira da sarrafa zafi.

3.1 Ragewar Wutar Lantarki daidai da Yanayin Yanayi

Wannan jadawalin yana nuna yadda matsakaicin ƙarfin wutar lantarki da aka yarda yana raguwa yayin da yanayin yanayi ke ƙaruwa. Dole ne masu ƙira su yi amfani da wannan lankwasa don tabbatar da cewa LED yana aiki a cikin yankinsa na aminci, musamman a aikace-aikacen yanayin zafi mai girma. Ragewar yana da layi, yana farawa daga 130mW a 25°C kuma ya kai sifili a matsakaicin zafin jiki.

3.2 Rarraba Raɗin Raɗi

Lankwasa rarraba raɗin raɗi yana jera matsakaicin ƙarfi daidai da tsayin raɗin raɗi. Yana tabbatar da fitowar kololuwa a 850nm da kusan 45nm faɗin raɗin raɗi. Wannan bayanin yana da mahimmanci don zaɓar na'urorin gano hoto masu dacewa da matatun haske.

3.3 Halin Yanzu na Gaba daidai da Ƙarfin Lantarki na Gaba (Lankwasa IV)

Wannan alaƙar da ba ta layi ba tana da mahimmanci don ƙirar da'irar iyakance halin yanzu. Lankwasa yana nuna cewa ƙaramin ƙaruwa a cikin ƙarfin lantarki fiye da na al'ada VF na iya haifar da babban ƙaruwa, mai yuwuwar lalacewa a cikin halin yanzu, yana jaddada buƙatar daidaitaccen tsarin halin yanzu (misali, resistor na jerin ko direba na halin yanzu na akai).

3.4 Matsakaicin Ƙarfin Radiant daidai da Matsakaicin Kusurwa

Wannan jadawalin polar yana wakiltar kusurwar dubawa na digiri 120 a zahiri. Ƙarfin yana da mafi girma a digiri 0 (daidai da saman LED) kuma yana raguwa daidai gwargwado zuwa 50% na matsakaicinsa a ±60 digiri daga tsakiya.

4. Bayanin Injiniya da Kunshawa

4.1 Girman Kunshin

An ba da LED a cikin ƙaramin kunshin SMD. Mahimman girma sun haɗa da girman jiki, tazarar jagora, da tsayin gabaɗaya. Duk girma suna cikin millimeters tare da daidaitaccen jurewa na ±0.1mm sai dai idan an faɗi akasin haka. Ƙirar ruwan tabarau mai lebur tana ba da gudummawa ga faɗin kusurwar dubawa.

4.2 Gano Polarity

Ana nuna cathode ta hanyar alama akan kunshin, kamar notch, ɗigo, ko datsa jagora. Dole ne a kiyaye daidaitaccen polarity yayin haɗawa don hana lalacewar karkatar da baya.

4.3 Ƙayyadaddun Kaset ɗin Carrier da Reel

Ana ba da abubuwan a cikin kaset ɗin 8mm akan reels masu diamita 7-inch, daidaitaccen don haɗawa ta atomatik. Kowane reel yana ƙunshe da guda 2000. An ba da cikakkun bayanai game da girman kaset ɗin carrier (girman aljihu, fil, da sauransu) don tabbatar da dacewa da kayan aikin haɗawa ta atomatik.

5. Jagororin Solder da Haɗawa

5.1 Ajiya da Hanzarin Danshi

LEDs suna da hanzari ga danshi (MSL). Abubuwan kariya sun haɗa da:

• Kada a buɗe jakar kariya daga danshi har sai an shirya don amfani.
• Ajiye jakunkunan da ba a buɗe ba a ≤30°C da ≤90% RH. Yi amfani da su cikin shekara guda.
• Bayan buɗewa, yi amfani da abubuwan cikin sa'o'i 168 (kwanaki 7) lokacin da aka ajiye su a ≤30°C da ≤70% RH.
• Idan an wuce lokacin ajiya ko kuma desiccant ya nuna danshi, yi baking a 60±5°C na awanni 24 kafin amfani.

5.2 Solder Reflow

An ba da shawarar bayanin yanayin zafi na reflow mara gubar. Muhimman abubuwa:

• Matsakaicin zafin jiki bai kamata ya wuce 260°C ba.
• Lokacin da ya wuce ruwa (misali, 217°C) ya kamata a sarrafa shi.
• Bai kamata a yi reflow fiye da sau biyu ba.
• Kauce wa matsin lamba na injiniya akan kunshin yayin dumama da sanyaya.

5.3 Solder da Hannu da Gyara

Idan solder da hannu ya zama dole:

• Yi amfani da ƙarfe na solder tare da zafin ƙarshen<350°C.
• Iyakance lokacin tuntuɓar zuwa ≤3 seconds kowace tasha.
• Yi amfani da ƙarfe tare da ƙimar wutar lantarki ≤25W.
• Ba da tazarar sanyaya na ≥2 seconds tsakanin solder kowace tasha.
• Kauce wa gyara LED ɗin da aka solder. Idan ba za a iya kaucewa ba, yi amfani da ƙarfe na solder mai kai biyu don dumama tashoshi biyu lokaci guda da rage matsin lamba na zafi. Tabbatar da aikin na'urar bayan kowane ƙoƙarin gyara.

6. Shawarwarin Aikace-aikace

6.1 Yanayin Aikace-aikace na Al'ada

Takardar bayani tana lissafin aikace-aikace da yawa, gami da:

• Floppy Disk Drives & VCRs:Don gano matsayi da gano ƙarshen kaset.
• Maɓallan Haske na Lantarki:Ana amfani da su wajen gano abu, ƙidaya, da gano matsayi ta hanyar haɗa IR LED tare da phototransistor ko photodiode.
• Kyamarori:Sau da yawa ana amfani da su a cikin tsarin mai da hankali kai tsaye ko hasken infrared don hangen nesa na dare.
• Na'urorin Gano Hayaki:Ana amfani da su a cikin na'urorin gano hayaki irin na ɓoyewa inda barbashi na hayaki suka katse hasken IR tsakanin LED da na'urar gano.

6.2 Abubuwan Tunani na Ƙira

Iyakance Halin Yanzu:Wannan shine mafi mahimmancin al'amarin ƙira. Resistor na jerin waje wajibi ne don saita halin yanzu na aiki da kuma kare LED daga wuce gona da iri na halin yanzu sakamakon ƙananan sauye-sauyen ƙarfin lantarki. Ƙimar resistor (R) za a iya ƙididdige ta ta amfani da Dokar Ohm: R = (Vsupply - VF) / IF, inda VF shine ƙarfin lantarki na gaba daga takardar bayani a halin yanzu da ake so IF.
Gudanar da Zafi:Don ci gaba da aiki kusa da matsakaicin ƙimar halin yanzu ko a cikin yanayin zafi mai girma, yi la'akari da shimfidar PCB don rage zafi. Tabbatar cewa ragewar wutar lantarki (Pd = VF * IF) bai wuce matsakaicin ragewa daga lankwasa Ragewar Wutar Lantarki daidai da Zafi ba.
Ƙirar Haske:Hasken haske mai faɗi na digiri 120 ya dace da aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar faɗin ɗaukar hoto. Don ƙarin haske mai mai da hankali, ana iya buƙatar ruwan tabarau na waje ko masu nuni. Tabbatar cewa kayan ginin yana da haske ga hasken IR na 850nm.

7. Kwatancen Fasaha da Bambance-bambance

Yayin da takardar bayani ba ta kwatanta takamaiman sassa na abokin hamayya ba, HIR67-21C/L11/TR8 yana ba da haɗin fasali wanda ke sanya shi da kyau a kasuwa:

• Faɗin Kusurwar Dubawa (120°):Yana ba da faɗin ɗaukar hoto fiye da yawancin LED ɗin IR na daidaitaccen, waɗanda galibi suna da kusurwoyin dubawa kusan digiri 20-60.
• Ƙarancin Ƙarfin Lantarki na Gaba:Yana ba da gudummawa ga ƙarancin amfani da wutar lantarki da rage samar da zafi idan aka kwatanta da LED ɗin da ke da VF mafi girma.
• Yin Biyayya ga Muhalli:Matsayinsa mara gubar, RoHS, REACH, da rashin halogen ya cika ƙaƙƙarfan buƙatun ƙa'idodi na duniya, wanda shine babban abin banbancewa ga masana'antar lantarki na zamani.
• Fitowar Pulsed Mai Girma:Ƙarfin isar da 10 mW/sr a ƙarƙashin aikin pulsed (100mA) ya sa ya dace da aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar ƙarfin sigina na nan take, kamar wasu hanyoyin gano ko sadarwa.

8. Tambayoyin da ake yawan yi (Dangane da Ma'aunin Fasaha)

Q: Me yasa resistor mai iyakance halin yanzu ya zama wajibi?
A: Lankwasa IV yana nuna alaƙar halin yanzu da ƙarfin lantarki na LED. Ƙaramin ƙaruwa a cikin ƙarfin wutar lantarki fiye da na al'ada VF yana haifar da babban ƙaruwa, mai yuwuwar lalacewa a cikin halin yanzu. Resistor na jerin yana ba da raguwar ƙarfin lantarki na layi, yana daidaita halin yanzu da kuma kare LED.

Q: Zan iya tuƙa wannan LED kai tsaye daga fil ɗin microcontroller na 3.3V ko 5V?
A: A'a. Fil ɗin microcontroller suna da iyakacin ƙarfin samar da halin yanzu / nutsewa (sau da yawa 20-40mA) kuma ba a ƙera su don tuƙa LED ɗin wutar lantarki kai tsaye ba. Bugu da ƙari, har yanzu kuna buƙatar resistor na jerin. Yi amfani da fil ɗin microcontroller don sarrafa transistor ko MOSFET wanda ke canza mafi girman halin yanzu da LED ke buƙata.

Q: Menene ma'anar "dacewa da raɗin raɗi tare da photodiode na silicon"?
A: Na'urorin gano hoto na silicon suna da matsakaicin hankali a yankin kusa da infrared, kusan 800-900nm. Matsakaicin tsayin raɗin raɗi na 850nm na wannan LED ya faɗi cikin wannan yanki mai hankali, yana tabbatar da matsakaicin jujjuyawar hasken da aka fitar zuwa halin yanzu ta hanyar mai gano, yana haifar da mafi kyawun sigina-zuwa-amo na tsarin.

Q: Ta yaya zan fassara sharuɗɗan "Faɗin Bugun Jini ≦100μs, Aikin Aiki≦1%" don gwajin 100mA?
A: Wannan yana nufin cewa mafi girman ƙarfin radiant da ƙimar ƙarfin lantarki na gaba a 100mA suna aiki ne kawai lokacin da LED yana bugun jini, ba tare da tuƙi tare da DC ba. Dole ne bugun jini ya zama 100 microseconds ko guntu, kuma lokacin tsakanin bugun jini dole ne ya zama dogon isa cewa matsakaicin aikin aiki ya zama 1% ko ƙasa da haka (misali, bugun jini ɗaya na 100μs kowane 10ms). Wannan yana hana wuce gona da iri na dumama.

9. Ƙira na Aiki da Amfani da Shari'ar

Shari'ar: Ƙirar Mai Gano Abu Mai Sauƙi.
Manufa:Gano lokacin da wani abu ya wuce tsakanin IR LED da phototransistor.
Abubuwan:HIR67-21C/L11/TR8 IR LED, daidaitaccen phototransistor na silicon, resistors, comparator/op-amp, ko microcontroller.
Matakai:

1. Da'irar Direban LED:Ka ba LED wutar lantarki daga wadataccen wutar lantarki 5V. Zaɓi halin yanzu na aiki, misali, 20mA don kyakkyawan ƙarfi da tsawon rai. Ƙididdige resistor na jerin: R = (5V - 1.45V) / 0.020A = 177.5Ω. Yi amfani da daidaitaccen resistor 180Ω. Tabbatar da cewa ragewar wutar lantarki a cikin resistor da LED ya yarda.
2. Da'irar Mai Gano:Sanya phototransistor a gaban LED, a daidaita shi. Lokacin da hasken IR bai katse ba, phototransistor yana gudanarwa, yana haifar da raguwar ƙarfin lantarki a kan resistor ɗin kaya. Lokacin da wani abu ya toshe hasken, phototransistor yana daina gudanarwa, kuma ƙarfin lantarki yana canzawa.
3. Daidaituwar Sigina:Wannan canjin ƙarfin lantarki za a iya ciyar da shi cikin mai kwatanta don ƙirƙirar sigina na dijital mai tsabta, ko kai tsaye cikin fil ɗin mai canza analog-zuwa-dijital (ADC) na microcontroller don ƙarin sarrafawa.
4. Abubuwan Tunani:Kare saitin daga hasken yanayi (wanda ya ƙunshi IR) don hana faɗakarwa na ƙarya. Hasken haske na digiri 120 na LED yana taimakawa tare da jurewar daidaitawa amma yana iya buƙatar bututu ko shinge don ƙayyade hanyar gano daidai.

10. Gabatarwar Ka'ida

Infrared Light Emitting Diodes (IR LEDs) suna aiki akan ka'ida ɗaya da na LED ɗin da ake iya gani: electroluminescence a cikin kayan semiconductor. Lokacin da aka yi amfani da ƙarfin lantarki na gaba a kan haɗin gwiwar p-n, electrons daga yankin n suna haɗuwa tare da ramuka daga yankin p. Wannan taron haɗuwa yana sakin makamashi. A cikin IR LED, an zaɓi kayan semiconductor (a wannan yanayin, Gallium Aluminum Arsenide - GaAlAs) ta yadda bandgap na makamashi ya dace da fitar da photons a cikin bakan infrared (tsayin raɗin raɗi ya fi hasken ja da ake iya gani, yawanci 700nm zuwa 1mm). Tsawon raɗin raɗi na 850nm yana cikin yankin "kusa da infrared" (NIR), wanda ba a iya gani da idon ɗan adam amma sauƙin gano shi ta hanyar na'urori na tushen silicon. Kunshin epoxy mai tsabta mai lebur yana aiki duka azaman hatimin muhalli da kuma azaman ruwan tabarau don siffata tsarin radiation na hasken da aka fitar.

11. Trends na Ci gaba

Fannin infrared optoelectronics yana ci gaba da haɓaka. Manyan abubuwan da suka shafi abubuwa kamar HIR67-21C/L11/TR8 sun haɗa da:

• Ƙara Ingantacciyar Aiki:Binciken kimiyyar kayan aiki na ci gaba yana nufin haɓaka tsarin semiconductor tare da mafi girman ingantaccen ƙididdiga na ciki (ƙarin photons kowane electron) da ingantaccen fitar da haske daga kunshin, yana haifar da mafi girman ƙarfin radiant don wannan ƙarfin shigarwa.
• Ƙananan Girma:Tuƙi don ƙananan, lantarki masu yawa yana tura don ƙarin ƙananan kunshin SMD yayin kiyayewa ko inganta aikin gani da halayen zafi.
• Ingantaccen Zaɓuɓɓukan Tsawon Raɗin Raɗi:Yayin da 850nm da 940nm suka zama gama gari, akwai ci gaba a wasu tsayin raɗin raɗi na NIR don takamaiman aikace-aikace, kamar 810nm don na'urorin likita ko takamaiman rukuni don gano iskar gas.
• Haɗawa:Abubuwan da suka shafi sun haɗa da haɗa IR LED tare da direba IC ko ma tare da mai gano hoto a cikin kunshin guda don ƙirƙirar cikakkun, daidaitattun na'urori na gano, yana sauƙaƙa ƙirar tsarin don masu amfani na ƙarshe.
• Mafi Tsananin Biyayya:Dokokin muhalli da kayan aiki (RoHS, REACH, marasa halogen) za su ci gaba da zama mafi tsanani, suna haifar da haɓaka sabbin kayan kunshawa da hanyoyin masana'antu waɗanda ke cika waɗannan buƙatun ba tare da lalata aiki ko aminci ba.