Takardun Bayani na LED Mini Top View 65-21 - Ja Mai Haske - 20mA - Kallon Kusa na 120° - Takardun Fasaha na Hausa

1. Bayyani Game da Samfurin

Jerin 65-21 suna wakiltar iyali na ƙananan, masu hawa a saman, diodes masu fitar da haske (LEDs) masu kallon sama. An ƙera waɗannan sassa don aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar kusurwar kallo mai faɗi da haɗin haske mai inganci. Babban samfurin da aka bayyana a cikin wannan takarda yana fitar da launin ja mai haske, wanda aka samu ta amfani da guntun semiconductor na AlGaInP da aka lulluɓe a cikin resin mai tsabta. Ƙirar fakitin na musamman tana da siffar hawa daga sama zuwa ƙasa inda haske ke fitowa ta hanyar allon da'ira da aka buga (PCB), wanda ya sa ya dace musamman don amfani da bututun haske da jagororin haske.

Babban fa'idodin wannan jerin sun haɗa da dacewarsa don hanyoyin haɗawa ta atomatik kamar solder reflow IR, samuwa akan kaset da reel don samarwa mai yawa, da bin ka'idojin muhalli na RoHS da marasa gubar. Faɗin kusurwar kallo na digiri 120 yana tabbatar da kyakkyawan gani daga kusurwoyi daban-daban, wanda ke da mahimmanci ga aikace-aikacen nuni da hasken baya.

2. Bincike Mai zurfi na Ma'auni na Fasaha

2.1 Iyakar Ƙididdiga Mafi Girma

Iyakar aikin na'urar an ayyana su a ƙarƙashin yanayin yanayi (Ta) na 25°C. Wuce waɗannan ƙididdiga na iya haifar da lalacewa ta dindindin.

• Ƙarfin Lantarki na Baya (V_R):5 V. Yin amfani da ƙarfin lantarki na baya fiye da wannan iyaka yana haɗarin rushewar haɗin gwiwa.
• Matsakaicin Ƙarfin Lantarki na Gaba (I_F):50 mA. Wannan shine matsakaicin ƙarfin lantarki na DC wanda LED zai iya ɗauka akai-akai.
• Matsakaicin Ƙarfin Lantarki na Gaba (I_FP):100 mA. Wannan ƙimar ƙarfin lantarki mai bugun jini (a 1/10 aikin aiki, 1 kHz) yana ba da damar yanayin wuce gona da iri na ɗan lokaci, mai amfani don haɗawa da yawa ko bugun haske.
• Rushewar Wutar Lantarki (P_d):110 mW. Wannan shine matsakaicin wutar lantarki da fakitin zai iya watsawa azaman zafi, wanda aka lissafta daga ƙarfin lantarki na gaba da ƙarfin lantarki.
• Zubar da Lantarki Mai Tsanani (ESD) HBM:2000 V. Wannan ƙimar ƙirar jikin ɗan adam tana nuna matsakaicin matakin hankali na ESD; ana buƙatar kulawa daidai.
• Yanayin Aiki (T_opr):-40°C zuwa +85°C. An ƙididdige na'urar don kewayon zafin jiki na masana'antu.
• Yanayin Ajiya (T_stg):-40°C zuwa +90°C.
• Zafin Solder:Don solder reflow, an ƙayyade matsakaicin zafin jiki na 260°C na dakika 10. Don solder da hannu, 350°C na dakika 3 shine iyaka.

2.2 Halayen Lantarki da Haske

Ana auna aikin a Ta=25°C da matsakaicin gwajin da aka saba (I_F) na 20 mA.

• Ƙarfin Haske (I_v):Ya kewayo daga mafi ƙarancin 72 mcd zuwa matsakaicin 180 mcd, tare da ƙimar al'ada a cikin wannan kewayon. Ana amfani da jurewar ±11%.
• Kusurwar Kallo (2θ_1/2):Digiri 120 (na al'ada). Wannan shine cikakken kusurwar da ƙarfin haske ya faɗi zuwa rabin ƙimar kololuwar sa.
• Matsakaicin Tsawon Zango (λ_p):632 nm (na al'ada). Wannan shine tsawon zango wanda rarraba ƙarfin bakan ya fi girma.
• Tsawon Zango Mai Rinjaye (λ_d):Ya kewayo daga 616.5 nm zuwa 634.5 nm, tare da jurewar ±1 nm. Wannan yana ayyana launin da ake gani (ja mai haske).
• Faɗin Bakan Haske (Δλ):20 nm (na al'ada). Wannan shine faɗin bakan da aka fitar a rabin matsakaicin ƙarfinsa.
• Ƙarfin Lantarki na Gaba (V_F):Ya kewayo daga 1.75 V zuwa 2.35 V a 20mA, tare da jurewar ±0.1 V.
• Ƙarfin Lantarki na Baya (I_R):Matsakaicin 10 μA lokacin da aka yi amfani da ƙarfin lantarki na baya na 5V.

3. Bayanin Tsarin Rarrabuwa (Binning)

Don tabbatar da daidaiton launi da haske a cikin samarwa, ana rarraba LEDs zuwa kwandon bin bisa mahimman ma'auni.

3.1 Rarrabuwar Tsawon Zango Mai Rinjaye (Rukuni A)

Wannan yana ayyana wurin launi. Ana yiwa bin lakabi E4 zuwa E7, kowanne yana ɗauke da kewayon 6 nm (misali, E4: 616.5-622.5 nm, E5: 620.5-626.5 nm). Wannan yana ba masu ƙira damar zaɓar LEDs tare da takamaiman launukan ja don aikace-aikacensu.

3.2 Rarrabuwar Ƙarfin Haske

Wannan yana ayyana fitarwar haske. Bin su ne Q1 (72-90 mcd), Q2 (90-112 mcd), R1 (112-140 mcd), da R2 (140-180 mcd). Lambobin bin mafi girma suna nuna haske mafi girma.

3.3 Rarrabuwar Ƙarfin Lantarki na Gaba (Rukuni B)

Wannan yana haɗa LEDs ta hanyar halayensu na lantarki. Bin su ne 0 (1.75-1.95 V), 1 (1.95-2.15 V), da 2 (2.15-2.35 V). Daidaita kwandon bin na iya sauƙaƙa ƙirar resistor mai iyakancewa a cikin da'irori masu layi daya.

4. Bincike akan Lankwasa Ayyuka

Takardun bayani yana ba da lankwasa halaye da yawa masu mahimmanci don ƙira.

4.1 Ƙarfin Lantarki na Gaba vs. Ƙarfin Lantarki na Gaba (Lankwasa I-V)

Lankwasa yana nuna alaƙar ma'auni ta yau da kullun na diode. A wurin aikin da aka ba da shawarar na 20 mA, ƙarfin lantarki na gaba ya faɗi cikin kewayon bin na 1.75V-2.35V. Dole ne masu ƙira su yi amfani da resistor na jerin ko direba mai ƙarfin lantarki akai-akai don iyakance ƙarfin lantarki, saboda ƙaramin ƙaruwa a cikin ƙarfin lantarki na iya haifar da babban ƙaruwa, mai yuwuwar lalacewa a cikin ƙarfin lantarki.

4.2 Matsakaicin Ƙarfin Haske vs. Ƙarfin Lantarki na Gaba

Wannan lankwasa yana nuna cewa fitarwar haske yana ƙaruwa kusan layi daya tare da ƙarfin lantarki har zuwa matsakaicin ƙimar ƙarfin lantarki na ci gaba. Yin aiki sama da 20mA zai haifar da haske mafi girma amma kuma yana ƙara watsawar wutar lantarki da zafin haɗin gwiwa, wanda ke shafar tsawon rayuwa.

4.3 Matsakaicin Ƙarfin Haske vs. Yanayin Yanayi

Ƙarfin haske yana raguwa yayin da yanayin yanayi ya tashi. Lankwasa yana nuna rage ƙima, wanda ke da mahimmanci ga aikace-aikacen da ke aiki a cikin yanayin zafi mai girma. An ƙayyade fitarwar LED a 25°C; a 85°C, fitarwar zai kasance ƙasa sosai.

4.4 Lankwasa Rage Ƙarfin Lantarki na Gaba

Wannan jadawali yana ayyana matsakaicin ƙarfin lantarki na gaba da aka yarda a matsayin aikin yanayin yanayi. Yayin da zafin jiki ya ƙaru, matsakaicin ƙarfin lantarki mai aminci yana raguwa don hana zafi sosai. A 85°C, matsakaicin ƙarfin lantarki ya fi ƙasa da ƙimar matsakaicin matsakaicin 50mA a 25°C.

4.5 Rarraba Bakan Haske

Bakan shine ƙunƙuntaccen lankwasa mai kama da Gaussian wanda ke tsakiya a kusa da 632 nm (kololuwa) tare da faɗin bakan na 20 nm, yana tabbatar da fitarwar ja mai haske mai launi ɗaya.

4.6 Tsarin Rarraba Haske

Zanen polar yana kwatanta kusurwar kallo na digiri 120. Rarraba ƙarfi yana da kusanci da Lambertian (kamar cosine), yana ba da kamanni iri ɗaya a cikin mazugi mai faɗin kallo, wanda ya dace don alamomi.

5. Bayanin Injiniya da Kayan Marufi

5.1 Girman Tsarin Fakitin

Fakitin SMD yana da takamaiman girma na tsayi, faɗi, da tsayi (a cikin milimita) tare da jurewar al'ada na ±0.1mm sai dai idan an lura daban. Zanen ya ƙididdige siffar kallon sama, bayanin martaba, da shawarar tsarin ƙasa na PCB (sawun ƙafa) don solder.

5.2 Gano Polarity (Wuri)

Ana yiwa cathode alama, sau da yawa ta hanyar tsaga, alamar kore, ko girman fakitin daban a ƙasan fakitin. Dole ne a lura da polarity daidai yayin haɗawa.

5.3 Ƙayyadaddun Kaset da Reel

Ana samar da kayan a kan kaset mai ɗaukar kaya don injunan zaɓi da sanyawa ta atomatik. Mahimman girma sun haɗa da girman aljihu (don riƙe LED), faɗin kaset, tazarar (nisa tsakanin aljihu), da diamita na reel. Reel na yau da kullun yana ƙunshe da guda 2000.

5.4 Marufi Mai Tsayayya da Danshi

Ana rufe reels a cikin jakunkunan aluminum masu hana danshi tare da desiccant don hana shan danshi, wanda ke da mahimmanci don hana "popcorning" (tsagewar fakitin) yayin solder reflow.

6. Jagororin Solder da Haɗawa

6.1 Bayanin Yanayin Solder Reflow

Bayanan da aka ba da shawarar sun haɗa da matakin preheat, yankin jiƙa, yankin reflow tare da matsakaicin zafin jiki bai wuce 260°C ba na dakika 10, da matakin sanyaya mai sarrafawa. Dole ne bayanin ya bi ƙimar Tsol mafi girma.

6.2 Solder da Hannu

Idan solder da hannu ya zama dole, zafin ƙarshen ƙarfe bai kamata ya wuce 350°C ba, kuma lokacin tuntuɓar ya kamata a iyakance shi zuwa dakika 3 kowane fakitin. Yi amfani da mai sanyaya zafi idan zai yiwu.

6.3 Ajiya da Kula da Kulawa

• Kariya daga ESD:Yi amfani da tashoshi na aiki masu tushe da bel ɗin wuyan hannu.
• Hankali ga Danshi:Kada a buɗe jakar hana danshi har sai an shirya don amfani. Idan an buɗe jakar, yi amfani da abubuwan a cikin takamaiman rayuwar bene ko sake gasa su bisa ga hanyoyin da suka dace.
• Yanayin Ajiya:Ajiye jakunkunan da ba a buɗe ba a 30°C ko ƙasa da haka da kuma 90% danshi dangi ko ƙasa.

7. Bayanin Aikace-aikace da Abubuwan Ɗauka a Zaman Ɗaki

7.1 Yanayin Aikace-aikace na Yau da Kullun

• Alamomin Haske:Fitilun yanayi akan kayan lantarki na mabukaci, kayan aikin masana'antu, da dashbodin motoci.
• Haɗin Bututun Haske/Jagora:Kallon sama, fitarwa ta hanyar PCB ya dace don shigar da haske cikin jagororin haske na acrylic ko polycarbonate don hasken baya na maɓalli ko hasken panel.
• Hasken Baya:Don LCDs, maɓallan maɓalli, masu canzawa, da panel ɗin membrane.
• Hasken Kayan Ado Gabaɗaya:A cikin alamun kasuwanci, hasken accent, da tallan haske.
• Hasken Cikin Mota:Hasken baya na dashboard, hasken canzawa, da sauransu.

7.2 Abubuwan Ɗauka Mafi Muhimmanci a Zaman Ɗaki

• Iyaka na Ƙarfin Lantarki Wajibi ne:Dole ne a yi amfani da resistor na jerin waje ko direba mai ƙarfin lantarki akai-akai. Ƙarfin lantarki na gaba yana da jurewa da ƙimar zafi mara kyau, ma'ana yana raguwa yayin da haɗin gwiwa ya yi zafi. Ba tare da iyakance ƙarfin lantarki ba, guduwar zafi na iya faruwa, wanda ke haifar da gazawar sauri.
• Gudanar da Zafi:Duk da cewa fakitin yana da ƙanƙanta, watsawar wutar lantarki (har zuwa 110mW) yana haifar da zafi. Tabbatar da isasshen yanki na tagulla na PCB (fakitin taimako na zafi) don fitar da zafi, musamman lokacin aiki a babban ƙarfin lantarki ko a cikin yanayi mai zafi.
• Ƙirar Haske:Don aikace-aikacen bututun haske, nisa tsakanin LED da wurin shigarwar jagorar haske, da kuma lissafin jagora, dole ne a inganta su don haɓaka ingancin haɗin gwiwa.
• Binning don Daidaito:Don aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar daidaiton launi da haske a cikin LEDs da yawa, ƙayyade ƙunƙuntaccen bin (misali, bin Tsawon Zango Mai Rinjaye guda ɗaya da bin Ƙarfin Haske).

8. Kwatancen Fasaha da Bambance-bambance

Jerin 65-21 sun bambanta kansu ta hanyar haɗin halaye na musamman:

• vs. LEDs na Kallon Gefe na Yau da Kullun:Kallon sama, fitarwa ta hanyar PCB fa'ida ce ta musamman don aikace-aikacen bututun haske, saboda yana ba da damar LED ɗin ya hau a fili akan allon kai tsaye a ƙarƙashin jagora, yana sauƙaƙa ƙirar injiniya.
• vs. LEDs masu Ƙunƙuntaccen Kusurwa:Kusurwar kallo na digiri 120 tana ba da gani mai faɗi sosai, yana mai da shi mafi girma ga alamomin panel na gaba inda wurin kallo bai daidaita ba.
• vs. Fakitin da ba za a iya sarrafa su ba:Fakitin SMT da samuwa na kaset-da-reel sun sa ya dace sosai don layukan haɗawa ta atomatik na zamani, masu sauri, suna rage farashin masana'antu idan aka kwatanta da LEDs na rami.

9. Tambayoyin da ake yawan yi (Dangane da Ma'auni na Fasaha)

Q: Zan iya tuka wannan LED kai tsaye daga wadataccen dabaru na 3.3V ko 5V?

A: A'a. Dole ne koyaushe kuna amfani da resistor mai iyakancewa na jerin. Ana lissafin ƙimar resistor kamar R = (V_wadata- V_F) / I_F. Yi amfani da matsakaicin V_Fdaga takardun bayani (2.35V) don ƙira mai tsauri don tabbatar da cewa ƙarfin lantarki bai wuce 20mA ba.

Q: Me zai faru idan na yi aiki da LED a 30mA maimakon 20mA?

A: Ƙarfin haske zai yi girma, amma watsawar wutar lantarki da zafin haɗin gwiwa zai ƙaru. Dole ne ku duba lankwasa rage ƙima don tabbatar da cewa 30mA yana da aminci a matsakaicin yanayin yanayin ku. Dogon lokacin amincin na iya raguwa.

Q: Ta yaya zan fassara lambar sashi/lambar don yin oda?

A: Lambar (misali, daga bayanin lakabi: CAT/HUE/REF) tana ƙayyade zaɓin Binning. Za ku yi oda bisa ga Ƙarfin Haske da kuke buƙata (CAT), Tsawon Zango Mai Rinjaye (HUE), da kwandon Ƙarfin Lantarki na Gaba (REF).

Q: Ana buƙatar mai sanyaya zafi?

A: Yawanci ba don LED guda ɗaya a 20mA ba. Duk da haka, idan an sanya LEDs da yawa kusa da juna ko kuma ana aiki da su a babban ƙarfin lantarki/yanayin yanayi, zafin gama gari na iya buƙatar gudanar da zafi akan PCB.

10. Misalin Ɗaki na Aiki

Yanayi:Ƙirar alamar yanayi don na'urar da ke amfani da layin dogo na 5V. Ya kamata a tuka LED a daidai 20mA.

1. Lissafin Resistor na Jerin:Yin amfani da V na al'ada_Fna 2.0V don ƙididdiga: R = (5V - 2.0V) / 0.020A = 150 Ω. Don ƙarfi akan V_Fbambance-bambance, yi amfani da mafi ƙarancin V_F(1.75V) don lissafin matsakaicin ƙarfin lantarki: I_max= (5V - 1.75V) / 150Ω ≈ 21.7mA, wanda ke da aminci. Resistor na yau da kullun na 150Ω, 1/10W ya dace.
2. Shimfidar PCB:Sanya LED bisa ga shawarar tsarin ƙasa. Haɗa wasu yankuna na tagulla a kusa da fakitin don watsar da zafi. Tabbatar da alamar polarity akan silkscreen ta dace da alamar cathode na LED.
3. Mahaɗin Haske:Idan ana amfani da bututun haske, ƙirar nisa da daidaitawa. Ƙaramin tazarar iska ko amfani da gel silicone mai haske na iya inganta ingancin haɗin haske.

11. Ka'idar Aiki

Wannan LED ya dogara ne akan guntun semiconductor na AlGaInP (Aluminum Gallium Indium Phosphide). Lokacin da aka yi amfani da ƙarfin lantarki na gaba wanda ya wuce ƙarfin haɗin gwiwa na diode, ana shigar da electrons da ramuka cikin yankin aiki inda suke sake haɗuwa. A cikin kayan AlGaInP, wannan sake haɗuwa yana sakin makamashi da farko a cikin nau'in photons a cikin ɓangaren ja zuwa amber na bakan gani (kusan 590-650 nm). Takamaiman abun da ke cikin yadudduka na AlGaInP yana ƙayyade tsawon zango mai rinjaye, wanda shine 632 nm don wannan bambancin ja mai haske. Resin epoxy mai tsabta ta lulluɓe guntun yana kare guntun, yana ba da kwanciyar hankali na injiniya, kuma yana siffata fitarwar haske don cimma faɗin kusurwar kallo na digiri 120.

12. Trends na Fasaha

Ƙananan SMD LEDs masu kallon sama kamar jerin 65-21 wani ɓangare ne na babban yanayi a cikin optoelectronics zuwa ƙananan ƙira, ingantaccen inganci, da haɗin kai mafi girma tare da masana'antu ta atomatik. Ci gaba mai gudana a cikin masana'antar da ke tasiri irin waɗannan abubuwan sun haɗa da:

• Ƙara Ingantaccen Aiki:Haɓaka kimiyyar kayan aiki na ci gaba da nufin samar da ƙarin lumens kowace watt (ingantacciyar inganci) daga girman guntun iri ɗaya, yana ba da damar fitarwa mai haske ko ƙarancin amfani da wutar lantarki.
• Ingantaccen Daidaiton Launi:Ci gaba a cikin girma na epitaxial da hanyoyin bin suna ci gaba da ƙarfafa jurewa akan tsawon zango mai rinjaye da ƙarfin haske, suna ba masu ƙira hasken haske mafi daidaito.
• Ingantaccen Aminci:Bincike akan mafi kyawun kayan lulluɓe da dabarun marufi yana haifar da tsawon rayuwar aiki da ingantaccen juriya ga zagayowar zafi, danshi, da sauran matsalolin muhalli.
• Haɗin kai tare da Direbobi:Yanayin kasuwa shine haɗa kewaye na sarrafawa (direbobi masu ƙarfin lantarki akai-akai, masu sarrafa PWM) kai tsaye cikin fakitin LED, yana sauƙaƙa ƙirar da'irar mai amfani na ƙarshe.