ITR8104 Mai Katse Haske Datasheet - Infrared 940nm - 5V/20mA - Takardar Fasaha ta Hausa

1. Bayanin Samfur

ITR8104 ƙaramin na'urar katse haske ne wanda aka ƙera don aikace-aikacen gano abu ba ta taɓawa da sauyawa. Yana haɗa diode mai fitar da infrared da phototransistor NPN silicon a cikin gida ɗaya, baƙar thermoplastic. An jera abubuwan a gefe a kan ginshiƙan haske masu haɗuwa. A cikin yanayinsa na al'ada, phototransistor yana karɓar radiation infrared da LED ke fitarwa. Lokacin da wani abu marar gani ya katse hanyar haske tsakanin mai fitarwa da mai gano, phototransistor ya daina gudanarwa, yana ba da sigina mai sauƙi na sauyawa.

Babban fa'idodin wannan na'urar sun haɗa da saurin amsawa, babban hankali, da mafi girman tsayin fitarwa na 940nm, wanda ke waje da bakan gani don rage tsangwama daga hasken muhalli. An gina na'urar da kayan da ba su da gubar kuma suna bin ƙa'idodin muhalli masu dacewa kamar RoHS da EU REACH.

2. Zurfin Bayanan Fasaha

2.1 Matsakaicin Matsayin Aiki

Yin amfani da na'urar fiye da waɗannan iyakoki na iya haifar da lalacewa ta dindindin.

• Shigarwa (LED Infrared):
  • Rushewar Wutar Lantarki (Pd): 75 mW (a ko ƙasa da 25°C)
  • Ƙarfin Lantarki na Baya (VR): 5 V
  • Ƙarfin Lantarki na Gaba (IF): 50 mA
• Fitarwa (Phototransistor):
  • Rushewar Wutar Lantarki na Collector (Pc): 75 mW
  • Ƙarfin Lantarki na Collector (IC): 20 mA
  • Ƙarfin Lantarki Collector-Emitter (BV_CEO): 30 V
  • Ƙarfin Lantarki Emitter-Collector (BV_ECO): 5 V
• Thermal:
  • Zazzabi na Aiki (T_opr): -25°C zuwa +85°C
  • Zazzabi na Ajiya (T_stg): -40°C zuwa +85°C
  • Zazzabin Solder na Ƙafar (T_sol): 260°C na ≤5 seconds (an auna 3mm daga fakitin)

2.2 Halayen Lantarki da Haske (T_a=25°C)

Waɗannan ma'auni suna ayyana aikin na'urar a ƙarƙashin yanayin aiki na al'ada.

• Halayen Shigarwa (LED Infrared):
  • Ƙarfin Lantarki na Gaba (V_F): 1.2V (Na al'ada), 1.6V (Matsakaici) a I_F=20mA
  • Ƙarfin Lantarki na Baya (I_R): 10 μA (Matsakaici) a V_R=5V
  • Matsakaicin Tsayin Tsayi (λ_P): 940 nm (Na al'ada) a I_F=20mA
• Halayen Fitarwa (Phototransistor):
  • Ƙarfin Lantarki na Duhu (I_CEO): 100 nA (Matsakaici) a V_CE=20V, E_e=0mW/cm²
  • Ƙarfin Lantarki Collector-Emitter Saturation (V_CE(sat)): 0.4V (Matsakaici) a I_C=0.5mA, I_F=20mA
  • Ƙarfin Lantarki na Collector (I_C(ON)): 0.5 mA (Mafi ƙanƙanta) a V_CE=5V, I_F=20mA
  • Lokacin Tashi (t_r): 20 μs (Na al'ada) a V_CE=5V, I_C=1mA, R_L=1kΩ
  • Lokacin Faɗuwa (t_f): 20 μs (Na al'ada) a V_CE=5V, I_C=1mA, R_L=1kΩ

3. Binciken Lanƙwan Aiki

Takardar bayanan tana ba da lanƙwai masu mahimmanci ga injiniyoyin ƙira.

3.1 Halayen LED Infrared

Zane-zane suna nuna alaƙa tsakanin ƙarfin lantarki na gaba da zafin muhalli, suna nuna ƙayyadaddun ƙarfin lantarki a yanayin zafi don ci gaba da kasancewa cikin iyakokin wutar lantarki. Lanƙwan hankalin bakan yana tabbatar da mafi girman fitarwa a 940nm. Wani zane yana nuna ƙaramin bambancin tsayin fitarwa tare da zafin muhalli, wanda galibi ba shi da mahimmanci ga yawancin aikace-aikace.

3.2 Halayen Phototransistor

Mahimman zane-zane sun haɗa da alaƙa tsakanin ƙarfin lantarki na collector da ƙarfin lantarki na gaba (halayen canja wuri) a yanayin zafi daban-daban, suna nuna hankalin na'urar. Zane na rushewar wutar lantarki na collector da zafin muhalli yana da mahimmanci don sarrafa zafin jiki, yana nuna yadda matsakaicin wutar lantarki da aka yarda ke raguwa yayin da zafin muhalli ke tashi.

4. Bayanan Injiniya da Fakitin

4.1 Girman Fakitin

ITR8104 yana zuwa a cikin fakitin ta hanyar rami. Mahimman girmansu sun haɗa da tazarar ƙafar, faɗin jiki, da tsayin gabaɗaya. Duk girmansu suna cikin millimeters tare da juzu'i na gabaɗaya na ±0.3mm sai dai idan an ƙayyade. Ana auna tazarar ƙafar a wurin da ƙafafun suka fito daga jikin fakitin filastik.

4.2 Gano Polarity da Shigarwa

Na'urar tana da daidaitaccen pinout: anode da cathode na LED infrared, da collector da emitter na phototransistor. Gidan yana alama ko siffa don nuna pin 1. Lokacin shigarwa akan PCB, dole ne ramuka su daidaita daidai da matsayin ƙafar don guje wa matsin injiniya akan jikin epoxy, wanda zai iya lalata aiki ko haifar da gazawa.

5. Jagororin Solder da Haɗawa

5.1 Siffantar Ƙafar

• Dole ne a yi lanƙwasa a nisa mai girman 3mm daga ƙasan jikin resin epoxy.
• Dole ne a kammala siffantar ƙafarkafintsarin solder.
• Dole ne a riƙe firam ɗin ƙafar yadda ya kamata yayin lanƙwasa don hana matsin lamba akan fakitin.
• Yanke ƙafafu ya kamata a yi shi a zafin daki.

5.2 Shawarwarin Solder

Don hana lalacewa ta zafi, kiyaye mafi ƙaramin nisa na 3mm daga haɗin solder zuwa kwararan fitila na epoxy.

• Solder na Hannu:Zafin ƙarshen ƙarfe: 300°C Max. (30W Max.). Lokacin solder: 3 seconds Max. kowace ƙafar.
• Solder na Wave/Dip:Zafin preheat: 100°C Max. (60 sec Max.). Zafin wanka na solder: 260°C Max. Lokacin zama: 5 seconds Max.
• Kauce wa sanyaya cikin sauri bayan solder. Bari na'urar ta koma zafin daki a hankali.
• Bai kamata a yi dip ko solder na hannu fiye da sau ɗaya ba.

5.3 Tsarin Solder da Ake Shawarwa

Bayanan suna ba da shawarar preheat a hankali, lokacin da aka sarrafa sama da ruwa (yawanci 260°C), da ƙimar sanyaya da aka sarrafa don rage girgizar zafi ga kayan.

6. Ajiya da Gudanarwa

• Ajiya na Farko (bayan jigilar kaya):10–30°C, ≤70% RH har zuwa watanni 3.
• Ajiya na Dogon Lokaci (fiye da watanni 3):10–25°C, 20–60% RH a cikin akwati mai rufi tare da yanayin nitrogen har zuwa shekara guda.
• Bayan Buɗe Fakitin:Ajiye a 10–25°C, 20–60% RH. Yi amfani da shi cikin sa'o'i 24 ko da wuri-wuri. Sake rufe na'urorin da ba a yi amfani da su ba nan da nan.
• Kauce wa sauye-sauyen zafin jiki cikin sauri a cikin yanayi mai yawan zafi don hana hazo.
• Tsaftacewa:Tsaftacewa ta Ultrasonicbaa ba da shawara don wannan na'urar ba.

7. Bayanan Fakitin da Oda

7.1 Ƙayyadaddun Fakitin

Daidaitaccen fakitin shine: guda 100 a kowace bututu, bututu 20 a kowace akwati, da akwatuna 4 a kowace katin.

7.2 Bayanan Alama

Alamar samfur tana haɗa da filayen don: Lambar Samfur na Abokin Ciniki (CPN), Lambar Samfur (P/N), Yawan Fakitin (QTY), Matsayin Ƙarfin Hasken (CAT), Matsayin Tsayin Tsayi (HUE), Matsayin Ƙarfin Lantarki na Gaba (REF), Lambar Lot (LOT No.), da lambar kwanan wata/wata (X).

8. Shawarwarin Aikace-aikace

8.1 Yanayin Aikace-aikace na Al'ada

• Gano Matsayi/Sauri:A cikin linzamin kwamfuta, kwafi, da na'urorin faifai don gano juyawa ko motsi na layi.
• Sauyawa Ba ta taɓawa:Gano abu a cikin injinan sayar da kaya, tsarin tsaro, da sarrafa masana'antu.
• Gano Gefen:A cikin na'urorin bugawa da na'urorin sikan don gano kasancewar takarda ko gefen kafofin watsa labarai.
• Shigarwa Kai tsaye na Allon:Ya dace da aikace-aikacen PCB ta hanyar rami inda ake buƙatar amintaccen sauyawa mai keɓancewa.

8.2 Abubuwan Tunani na Ƙira

• Iyakancewar Ƙarfin Lantarki:Koyaushe yi amfani da resistor na jerin tare da LED infrared don iyakance ƙarfin lantarki na gaba (I_F) zuwa ƙimar da ake so, yawanci 20mA ko ƙasa don dogon lokaci na aminci.
• Resistor na Load:Yawanci ana haɗa resistor na ja sama tsakanin collector na phototransistor da ƙarfin lantarki (V_CC). Ƙimar (misali, 1kΩ) tana tasiri ga motsin ƙarfin lantarki na fitarwa da saurin sauyawa.
• Hasken Muhalli:Yayin da tace 940nm yana taimakawa, ƙirar shinge na zahiri ko gida don kare na'urar daga tushen infrared na muhalli kai tsaye (kamar hasken rana ko kwararan fitila) yana inganta aminci.
• Lokacin Amsa:Don aikace-aikace masu sauri, yi la'akari da lokacin tashi/faɗuwa na al'ada na 20μs kuma tabbatar da cewa da'irar tuƙi za ta iya ɗaukar shi.
• Gudanar da Zafin Jiki:Ku bi lanƙwan ƙarfin wutar lantarki, musamman a cikin yanayin zafi mai yawan muhalli.

9. Kwatancen Fasaha da Bambanci

ITR8104 yana ba da daidaitaccen saitin halaye. Tsayin tsayinsa na 940nm yana ba da kyakkyawar kariya daga hayaniyar haske mai gani. Ƙirar gefe-da-gefe, mai haɗawa tana ba da tazara mai kyau na gano, yana mai da shi ya dace da gano gefe da daidaitaccen matsayin abu. Saurin amsawar 20μs yana ba da damar amfani a cikin aikace-aikacen ƙidaya ko ɓoyayyen sauri. Fakitin ta hanyar rami yana ba da haɗin injiniya mai ƙarfi don aikace-aikacen da ke ƙarƙashin girgiza. Idan aka kwatanta da na'urorin gano haske, masu katsewa suna ba da sigina mai ƙayyadaddun kunna/kashewa saboda ba su shafi hasken abin da aka yi niyya ba.

10. Tambayoyin da Ake Yawan Tambaya (Dangane da Ma'auni na Fasaha)

10.1 Menene matsakaicin ƙarfin lantarki na LED infrared?

An ƙayyade halayen lantarki da haske a I_F= 20mA, wanda shine wurin aiki na gama gari kuma amintacce. Ana iya tuƙa shi har zuwa matsakaicin matsakaicin 50mA don mafi girman fitarwa, amma wannan yana buƙatar kulawa da zafin jiki da kyau kuma yana iya rage aminci na dogon lokaci.

10.2 Yaya phototransistor yake da hankali?

Mahimmin ma'auni shine I_C(ON), wanda aka tabbatar da cewa aƙalla 0.5mA ne lokacin da aka tuƙi LED infrared tare da 20mA da V_CE=5V. Wannan yana ba da sigina mai ƙarfi don musanyawar dijital tare da resistor na ja sama mai dacewa.

10.3 Zan iya amfani da wannan don gano abubuwa masu gani?

A'a. An ƙera ITR8104 don gano abubuwa marasa gani waɗanda suka katse katangar infrared gaba ɗaya. Kayan gani ko masu watsa haske na iya ba da damar isasshen hasken infrared ya wuce, yana hana phototransistor ya kashe gaba ɗaya.

10.4 Menene tsakanin mai fitarwa da mai gano abu da ake ba da shawara?

Takardar bayanan ba ta ƙayyade matsakaicin tazara ba. Ingantacciyar tazara an ƙaddara ta ta hanyar daidaitawa da ƙarfin LED infrared. Don aiki mai aminci, abu ya kamata ya mamaye cikakken hanyar haske mai haɗuwa tsakanin abubuwan biyu. Matsakaicin nisan gano shine ƴan millimeters, wanda aka ayyana ta ginin injiniya.

11. Ƙira na Aiki da Misalin Amfani

Harka: Gano Matsatsun Takarda a cikin Na'urar Buga
An saka ITR8104 a kan hanyar takarda. Filin microcontroller yana tuƙi LED infrared ta hanyar resistor 150Ω (yana iyakance I_Fzuwa ~20mA a 3.3V). An haɗa collector na phototransistor zuwa filin shigarwar dijital na microcontroller ta hanyar resistor na ja sama na 4.7kΩ zuwa 3.3V. A cikin yanayin "takarda ta kasance", takarda tana toshe katangar, phototransistor yana kashe, kuma filin shigarwa yana karanta HIGH ta hanyar ja sama. Lokacin da hanyar takarda ta bayyana, hasken infrared ya isa phototransistor, yana kunna shi kuma yana ja filin shigarwa LOW. Microcontroller yana sa ido kan wannan filin. Matsayin HIGH na dindindin lokacin da ake tsammanin takarda yana nuna matsatsi ko rashin ciyar da abinci. Saurin amsawa yana tabbatar da cewa an gano matsatsin cikin sauri, kuma tsayin 940nm yana hana faɗuwar ƙarya daga hasken daki.

12. Ka'idar Aiki

ITR8104 yana aiki akan ka'idar gano haske da aka daidaita. LED infrared yana fitar da photons a tsayin 940nm. Phototransistor silicon, wanda aka sanya shi a gaban LED, yana aiki azaman mai karɓa. Lokacin da photons masu isasshen kuzari suka bugi yankin tushe na phototransistor, suna haifar da nau'ikan electron-ramu. Wannan ƙarfin lantarki na hoto yana aiki azaman ƙarfin lantarki na tushe, yana sa transistor ya gudanar da mafi girman ƙarfin lantarki na collector (tasirin hoto da haɗuwa da haɓakar transistor). Kasancewar wani abu marar gani a cikin hanyar haske yana dakatar da photons daga isa ga phototransistor, yana kawar da ƙarfin lantarki na tushe kuma yana kashe transistor. Wannan yana haifar da sigina na fitarwa na dijital wanda ke da alaƙa da kasancewar ko rashin abu.

13. Trends na Fasaha

Masu katse haske sun kasance mahimman abubuwan haɗin gwiwa a cikin tsarin lantarki da injiniya. Trends na yanzu suna mayar da hankali kan ƙananan ƙira (ƙananan fakitin SMD), haɗa ƙarin da'irar daidaita sigina (kamar Schmitt triggers ko amplifiers) a cikin fakitin don samar da mafi kyawun fitarwa na dijital, da ingantaccen juriya ga gurɓataccen muhalli. Hakanan akwai wani yanayi zuwa bambance-bambancen sauri don aikace-aikacen ɓoyayye na ci gaba. Babban ka'idar katsewar gani ta kasance mai ƙarfi saboda keɓancewar lantarki, yanayin ba ta taɓawa, da aminci idan aka kwatanta da maɓallan injiniya kawai.