Takardar Bayanin Fasaha ta ITR9909 Mai Katse Haske - Kunshin 4.0mm - Tsawon Raɗin Haske 940nm - Takardar Fasaha ta Hausa

1. Bayanin Samfur

ITR9909 wata ƙaramar na'urar katse haske ce da aka ƙera don aikace-aikacen gano abubuwa ba tare da taɓa su ba. Tana haɗa diode mai fitar da infrared (IRED) da phototransistor na silicon NPN a cikin gida ɗaya na thermoplastic baƙar fata. An sanya sassan a gefe-da-gefe akan ginshiƙan haske masu haɗuwa. Ka'idar aiki ta asali ta ƙunshi phototransistor yana karɓar radiation daga mai fitar da IR da ke wuri ɗaya. Lokacin da wani abu marar gani ya wuce tsakanin su, yana katse wannan hasken infrared, yana haifar da canji mai iya gane shi a cikin yanayin fitarwa na phototransistor, yana ba da damar gano abu, gano matsayi, ko ayyukan sauyawa.

1.1 Siffofi da Fa'idodi na Cibiyar

• Saurin Amfani:Yana ba da damar gano abubuwa masu saurin motsi.
• Hankali Mai Girma:Phototransistor na silicon yana ba da amsa mai ƙarfi na lantarki ga hasken infrared.
• Tsawon Raɗin Haske na Musamman:IRED tana fitarwa a mafi girman tsawon raɗin haske (λp) na 940nm, wanda idon ɗan adam ba zai iya gani ba kuma yana taimakawa wajen rage tsangwama daga hasken da ake iya gani a kewaye.
• Daidaitawa da Muhalli:An ƙera na'urar don zama marar gubar, mai bin ka'idojin RoHS, EU REACH, da ka'idojin marasa halogen (Br <900ppm, Cl <900ppm, Br+Cl <1500ppm).
• Haɗin Kan Ƙarami:Kunshin da aka haɗa yana sauƙaƙa ƙirar PCB da haɗawa don aikace-aikacen gano rami.

1.2 Aikace-aikacen Manufa

ITR9909 ya dace da aikace-aikace iri-iri waɗanda ke buƙatar dogaro, gano ba tare da taɓawa ba:

• Masu ɓoyayyen juyawa da masu gano matsayi a cikin linzamin kwamfuta da na'urorin kwafi.
• Gano takarda da gano gefuna a cikin na'urorin sikanar da na'urorin bugawa.
• Gano kasancewar fayiloli a cikin na'urorin faifai da sauran na'urorin kafofin watsa labarai.
• Sauya gabaɗaya ba tare da taɓawa ba.
• Gano matakin allo inda ake buƙatar hawa kai tsaye.

2. Cikakkun Bayanai na Fasaha da Bincike Mai zurfi

2.1 Matsakaicin Matsakaicin Matsakaici

Aiki da na'urar fiye da waɗannan iyakoki na iya haifar da lalacewa na dindindin. Duk ƙayyadaddun bayanai suna a Ta=25°C sai dai idan an lura daban.

• Shigarwa (IRED):
  • Rushewar Wutar Lantarki (Pd): 75 mW
  • Ƙarfin Lantarki na Baya (VR): 5 V
  • Ci gaba da Ƙarfin Lantarki na Gaba (IF): 50 mA
  • Matsakaicin Ƙarfin Lantarki na Gaba (IFP): 1 A (Faɗin bugun jini ≤100μs, Zagayowar aiki 1%)
• Fitarwa (Phototransistor):
  • Rushewar Wutar Lantarki na Mai Tattarawa (Pd): 75 mW
  • Ƙarfin Lantarki na Mai Tattarawa (IC): 50 mA
  • Ƙarfin Lantarki Mai Tattarawa-Mai Fitarwa (BV_CEO): 30 V
  • Ƙarfin Lantarki Mai Fitarwa-Mai Tattarawa (BV_ECO): 5 V
• Muhalli:
  • Zazzabi na Aiki (T_opr): -25°C zuwa +85°C
  • Zazzabi na Ajiya (T_stg): -40°C zuwa +85°C
  • Zazzabin Solder na Jagora (T_sol): 260°C na dakika 5 (1/16 inci daga jiki)

2.2 Halayen Lantarki-Haske

Matsakaicin sigogi na aiki a Ta=25°C suna ayyana yanayin aiki na na'urar.

• Halayen Shigarwa (IRED):
  • Ƙarfin Lantarki na Gaba (V_F): Yawanci 1.2V a IF=20mA (Matsakaici 1.5V). Yana ƙaruwa tare da mafi girman ƙarfin lantarki na bugun jini.
  • Matsakaicin Tsawon Raɗin Haske (λ_P): 940 nm (na yau da kullun) lokacin da aka tuƙa shi a 20mA.
• Halayen Fitarwa (Phototransistor):
  • Ƙarfin Lantarki na Duhu (I_CEO): Matsakaici 100 nA a V_CE=20V cikin duhu gaba ɗaya. Wannan shine ƙarfin lantarki na ɓarna wanda ke ayyana matakin hayaniyar \"kashe\".
  • Ƙarfin Lantarki Mai Tattarawa-Mai Fitarwa Cikakke (V_CE(sat)): Matsakaici 0.4V a I_C=2mA ƙarƙashin isasshen haske (1mW/cm²). Ƙaramin V_CE(sat)yana da kyau don sauƙaƙe sauyawar lambobi.
  • Ƙarfin Lantarki na Mai Tattarawa (I_C(ON)): Mafi ƙanƙanta 200 µA a V_CE=5V da I_F=20mA. Wannan shine mafi ƙarancin ƙarfin lantarki na hoto da aka tabbatar a ƙarƙashin daidaitattun yanayin gwaji.
• Halayen Motsi:
  • Lokacin Tashi (t_r) & Lokacin Faɗuwa (t_f): Yawanci 15 µs kowanne. Waɗannan sigogi, waɗanda aka auna ƙarƙashin takamaiman yanayin kaya (V_CE=5V, I_C=1mA, R_L=1kΩ), suna ƙayyade matsakaicin mitar sauyawa da na'urar za ta iya sarrafa ta cikin aminci.

3. Bincike akan Lankwasa Ayyuka

Takardar bayanai tana ba da jadawali da yawa waɗanda ke kwatanta mahimmin alaƙa tsakanin sigogi na aiki. Waɗannan lankwasan suna da mahimmanci don fahimtar yanayin na'urar a ƙarƙashin yanayin da bai dace ba.

3.1 Lankwasan Mai Fitar da Infrared (IRED)

• Ƙarfin Lantarki na Gaba vs. Yanayin Yanayi:Yana nuna raguwar matsakaicin ƙarfin lantarki na gaba da aka yarda yayin da yanayin yanayi ya ƙaru sama da 25°C.
• Hankali na Bakan Haske:Zane na matsakaicin ƙarfin haske mai dangi da tsawon raɗin haske, yana kololuwa a 940nm kuma yana nuna ƙunƙuntaccen bandwidth na mai fitarwa.
• Matsakaicin Ƙarfin Haske Mai Dangi vs. Ƙarfin Lantarki na Gaba:Yana nuna alaƙar da ba ta da layi tsakanin ƙarfin tuƙi da fitar da haske, wanda ke kusan cika a mafi girman ƙarfin lantarki.
• Matsakaicin Ƙarfin Haske Mai Dangi vs. Matsakaicin Karkatarwa:Yana kwatanta tsarin fitarwa ko kusurwar kallo na IRED, mai mahimmanci don daidaita haske.

3.2 Lankwasan Phototransistor (PT)

• Rushewar Wutar Lantarki na Mai Tattarawa vs. Yanayin Yanayi:Yana ba da lankwasa raguwar wutar lantarki don fitarwa na phototransistor.
• Hankali na Bakan Haske:Yana nuna amsa na phototransistor a cikin tsawon raɗin haske, tare da mafi girman hankali yawanci a yankin kusa da infrared, wanda ya dace da mai fitarwa na 940nm.
• Ƙarfin Lantarki na Mai Tattarawa Mai Dangi vs. Yanayin Yanayi:Yana nuna yadda riba ko amsa na phototransistor ke canzawa tare da zazzabi.
• Ƙarfin Lantarki na Mai Tattarawa vs. Ƙarfin Haske:Lankwasa na asali wanda ke nuna alaƙar layi (ko kusa da layi) tsakanin ƙarfin hasken da ya faru (ƙarfin haske) akan phototransistor da sakamakon ƙarfin lantarki na mai tattarawa.
• Ƙarfin Lantarki na Duhu na Mai Tattarawa vs. Yanayin Yanayi:Yana nuna yadda ƙarfin lantarki na ɓarna (I_CEO) yana ƙaruwa da yawa tare da hawan zazzabi, wanda zai iya shafar rabo na sigina-zuwa-hayaniya a cikin aikace-aikacen zafi mai girma.
• Ƙarfin Lantarki na Mai Tattarawa vs. Ƙarfin Lantarki Mai Tattarawa-Mai Fitarwa:Kamar halayen fitarwa na transistor, yana nuna yankunan aiki don matakan haske daban-daban.

3.3 Cikakken Lankwasa na Module (ITR)

• Ƙarfin Lantarki na Mai Tattarawa Mai Dangi vs. Nisa Tsakanin Sensor:Wannan lankwasa ce mai mahimmanci a matakin tsarin. Yana nuna yadda sigina da aka karɓa (ƙarfin lantarki na mai tattarawa) ke bambanta yayin da nisa tsakanin abin da ke katsewa da tazarar sensor ke canzawa. Yana ayyana kewayon gano mai tasiri da alaƙar da ke tsakanin matsayin abu da ƙarfin sigina na fitarwa.

4. Bayanin Injiniya da Kunshin

4.1 Girman Kunshin

ITR9909 yana zuwa a cikin kunshin ta hanyar rami na yau da kullun. Manyan girma daga zanen sun haɗa da:

• Girman jiki gabaɗaya da tsayi wanda ke ayyana girman rami.
• Tazarar jagora da diamita don hawan PCB.
• Faɗin tazarar tsakanin IRED na ciki da phototransistor, wanda ke ƙayyade girman abin da za a iya gano shi.
• Zanen girma ya ƙayyade matsakaicin jurewa na ±0.25mm sai dai idan an lura daban.

4.2 Gano Matsayi

Na'urar tana amfani da daidaitaccen tsarin fitarwa wanda ya zama ruwan dare ga masu katse haske da yawa: Anode da Cathode don shigarwar IRED, da Mai Tattarawa da Mai Fitarwa don fitarwa na phototransistor. Gidan yawanci yana da alama ko tsaga don nuna pin 1.

5. Jagororin Tari da Sarrafawa

5.1 Shawarwarin Solder

Matsakaicin matsakaicin matsakaici ya ƙayyade cewa za a iya solder jagororin a 260°C na mafi ƙarancin dakika 5, tare da sharadin cewa wurin solder yana aƙalla 1/16 inci (kusan 1.6mm) nesa da jikin filastik. Wannan shine don hana lalacewar zafi ga gidan epoxy da haɗin wayoyi na ciki. Don igiyar ruwa ko sake kwararar solder, ya kamata a bi daidaitattun bayanan martaba don abubuwan da ke cikin rami tare da irin wannan iyakokin zafi.

5.2 Ajiya da Sarrafawa

Ya kamata a adana na'urar a cikin ƙayyadaddun kewayon zazzabi na -40°C zuwa +85°C a cikin yanayi mai bushewa. Ya kamata a kiyaye ƙa'idodin ESD (Fitar da Lantarki Mai Tsauri) yayin sarrafawa, saboda abubuwan semiconductor a ciki suna da saukin lalacewa daga lantarki mai tsauri.

6. Bayanin Kunshin da Oda

6.1 Ƙayyadaddun Kunshin

Matsakaicin adadin kunshin shine kamar haka:

• Guda 150 a kowace jaka.
• Jakuna 5 a kowace akwati.
• Akwatuna 10 a kowace akwatin kati.

6.2 Bayanin Alamar

Alamar samfur tana haɗa da lambobi da yawa don bin sawu da ƙayyadaddun bayanai:

• CPN:Lambar Samfur na Abokin Ciniki.
• P/N:Lambar Samfur na Masana'anta (misali, ITR9909).
• QTY:Adadin a cikin kunshin.
• CAT, HUE, REF:Waɗannan suna iya nufin lambobin kwandon ciki don sigogi kamar matakin ƙarfin haske, matakin tsawon raɗin haske mai rinjaye, da matakin ƙarfin lantarki na gaba, ko da yake ba a ba da cikakkun bayanan kwandon a cikin wannan ɓangaren takardar bayanai ba.
• LOT No:Lambar rukunin masana'antu don bin sawu.

7. Abubuwan da ake la'akari da Ƙirar Aikace-aikace

7.1 Ƙirar Da'ira

Ƙirar tare da ITR9909 ta ƙunshi manyan da'irori guda biyu:

1. Da'irar Tuƙi na IRED:Madaidaicin resistor mai iyakancewa a jere tare da IRED shine ma'auni. An ƙididdige ƙimar resistor kamar R = (V_CC- V_F) / I_F. Don aiki mai dogaro da dogon rayuwa, ana ba da shawarar tuƙa IRED a ko ƙasa da na yau da kullun 20mA sai dai idan ana buƙatar tuƙi mai bugun jini, babban ƙarfin lantarki don takamaiman buƙatun sigina-zuwa-hayaniya.
2. Da'irar Fitarwa na Phototransistor:Ana iya amfani da phototransistor a cikin daidaitattun tsari guda biyu na yau da kullun:
   • Yanayin Sauya (Fitarwa ta Lambobi):Haɗa resistor mai ɗagawa daga mai tattarawa zuwa V_CC. Mai fitarwa yana ƙasa. Lokacin da haske ya faɗi akan transistor, yana kunna, yana ja ƙarfin lantarki na mai tattarawa ƙasa (kusa da V_CE(sat)). Lokacin da katsewar katsewa ta katse, transistor yana kashewa, kuma resistor mai ɗagawa yana kawo ƙarfin lantarki na mai tattarawa sama. Ƙimar resistor mai ɗagawa tana ƙayyade saurin sauyawa da amfani da ƙarfin lantarki.
   • Yanayin Layi (Fitarwa ta Analog):Yin amfani da phototransistor a cikin tsari na fitarwa gama ɗaya tare da resistor na mai tattarawa, ƙarfin lantarki a wurin mai tattarawa zai bambanta kusan layi tare da adadin hasken da aka karɓa, mai amfani don gano matsayi na analog.

7.2 Abubuwan da ake la'akari da Haske

• Daidaitawa:Daidaitaccen daidaitawar hanyar abu tare da tazarar sensor yana da mahimmanci don aiki mai daidaito.
• Hasken Yanayi:Duk da cewa tace 940nm da daidaitaccen sensor suna ba da kyakkyawar ƙin yarda da hasken da ake iya gani, tushe masu ƙarfi na hasken infrared (misali, hasken rana, ƙwan fitila) na iya haifar da tsangwama. Yin amfani da siginar IR da aka daidaita da gano aiki tare na iya inganta juriya ga hasken yanayi sosai.
• Halayen Abu:Sensor yana gano katsewar katako. Dole ne abu ya zama marar gani ga hasken infrared na 940nm. Kayan da ba a iya gani ba ƙila ba za a iya gano su cikin aminci ba.

8. Kwatancen Fasaha da Bambance-bambance

ITR9909 yana wakiltar daidaitaccen mafita mai dogaro a cikin kasuwar masu katse haske. Babban abin da ya bambanta shi ne haɗin kai na musamman na IRED 940nm tare da phototransistor na silicon a cikin ƙaramin kunshin kallon gefe. Idan aka kwatanta da masu gano haske masu nunawa, masu katsewa suna ba da sigina mai ma'ana na \"kunna/kashe\" saboda ba su da saukin kamuwa da bambance-bambance a cikin nunin abu ko launi. Ƙayyadaddun saurin amsa (15µs na yau da kullun) ya sa ya dace don aikace-aikacen gano sauri ko ɓoyayye, yayin da babban hankali yana tabbatar da sigina mai kyau ko da tare da ƙananan ƙarfin tuƙi ko a cikin yanayi mai ƙura. Daidaitawar muhalli (RoHS, Marasa Halogen) wani muhimmin al'amari ne don masana'antar lantarki ta zamani.

9. Tambayoyin da ake yawan yi (Dangane da Sigogi na Fasaha)

9.1 Menene matsakaicin saurin gano ko mitar?

Matsakaicin mitar sauyawa yana iyakance ta lokutan tashi da faɗuwa (t_r, t_f), yawanci 15µs kowanne. Kiyasin mai hankali don cikakken zagayowar kunna-kashe shine kusan sau 4 zuwa 5 na jimlar waɗannan lokutan, yana nuna matsakaicin mitar aiki a cikin kewayon 10-15 kHz. Wannan ya dace da yawancin aikace-aikacen ɓoyayyen injina.

9.2 Ta yaya zan zaɓi ƙimar resistor mai iyakancewa na IRED?

Yi amfani da dabara R = (Ƙarfin Lantarki na Wadata - V_F) / I_F. Don wadata na 5V da tuƙi a yanayin gwaji na yau da kullun na 20mA, tare da V_F~1.2V, R = (5 - 1.2) / 0.02 = 190 Ohms. Daidaitaccen resistor na 180 ko 200 Ohm zai dace. Koyaushe tabbatar da cewa lalatawar wutar lantarki da aka ƙididdige a cikin resistor yana cikin matsayinsa.

9.3 Me ya sa siginar fitarwa ba ta da ƙarfi ko hayaniya?

Dalilai masu yuwuwa sun haɗa da: 1) Rashin isasshen ƙarfin tuƙi ga IRED, yana haifar da raunin sigina. 2) Matsakaicin matakan hasken infrared na yanayi. 3) Ƙarfin lantarki na duhu na phototransistor (wanda ke ƙaruwa tare da zazzabi) ya zama mahimmanci dangane da ƙarfin lantarki na hoto. 4) Hayaniyar lantarki akan layukan wadata. Maganganun sun haɗa da ƙara I_F(a cikin iyakoki), ƙara garkuwar haske, aiwatar da daidaita sigina, amfani da resistor mai ɗagawa mai ƙaramin ƙima don saurin amsa, da tabbatar da kyakkyawar rabuwar wutar lantarki.

9.4 Zan iya amfani da wannan sensor a waje?

Hasken rana kai tsaye yana ƙunshe da adadi mai yawa na radiation na infrared a 940nm, wanda zai iya cika phototransistor kuma ya hana aiki daidai. Don amfani a waje, ana ba da shawarar sosai tace haske mai kyau, ƙirar gida don toshe hasken rana kai tsaye, da amfani da siginar IR da aka daidaita.

10. Ka'idar Aiki da Trends na Fasaha

10.1 Ka'idar Aiki

ITR9909 yana aiki akan ka'idar katsewar hasken da aka watsa. Ƙarfin lantarki da aka tuƙa ta hanyar diode mai fitar da hasken infrared (IRED) yana sa ta fitar da photons a mafi girman tsawon raɗin haske na 940 nanometers. Waɗannan photons suna tafiya ƙetare ƙaramin tazarar iska kuma suna faruwa a yankin tushe na phototransistor na silicon NPN. Photons suna haifar da nau'i-nau'i na electron-rami a cikin haɗin tushe-mai tattarawa, wanda ke aiki yadda ya kamata azaman photodiode. Wannan ƙarfin lantarki na hoto ana ƙara shi ta hanyar aikin transistor na na'urar, yana haifar da mafi girman ƙarfin lantarki na mai tattarawa wanda za'a iya auna shi cikin sauƙi ta hanyar da'irar waje. Lokacin da wani abu ya toshe hanyar tsakanin mai fitarwa da mai gano, ƙarfin photon yana ƙarewa, ƙarfin lantarki na hoto yana faɗuwa zuwa kusan sifili, kuma transistor yana kashewa, yana nuna kasancewar abu.

10.2 Mahallin Fasaha da Trends

Masu katse haske kamar ITR9909 sune cikakkun abubuwa, waɗanda aka fahimta sosai. Trends na yanzu a fagen suna mai da hankali kan yankuna da yawa:

• Ƙananan Girma:Haɓaka ƙananan kunshin hawa saman (SMD) don adana sararin allo a cikin kayan lantarki na zamani na masu amfani.
• Haɗin Kai:Haɗa ƙarin da'ira akan guntu, kamar masu faɗakarwa na Schmitt don fitarwa ta lambobi, masu haɓakawa don fitarwa ta analog, ko ma cikakkun hanyoyin sadarwa-matakin (misali, fitarwa mai buɗe rami).
• Ingantaccen Aiki:Inganta sauri don masu ɓoyayye mafi girma, rage amfani da wutar lantarki don na'urorin da ake amfani da baturi, da ƙara hankali don ba da damar ƙananan ƙarfin tuƙi ko manyan tazarar gano.
• Ƙirƙirar bambance-bambance tare da faɗin rami daban-daban, siffofin buɗe ido, ko amsa na bakan haske don takamaiman sassan kasuwa kamar motoci, sarrafa masana'antu, ko na'urorin likita.Ka'idar asali na katsewar haske ta kasance hanya mai ƙarfi da inganci don gano ba tare da taɓawa ba, yana tabbatar da ci gaba da dacewa a cikin ɗimbin tsarin lantarki.

The fundamental principle of optical interruption remains a robust and cost-effective method for non-contact sensing, ensuring continued relevance in a wide array of electromechanical systems.