ITR9606-F Mai Katsewar Haske (Opto Interrupter) - Takardar Bayanan Fasaha - Girman Kunshin 4.0x3.2x2.5mm - Ƙarfin Wutar Gaba 1.2V - Tsawon Zango Mai Kololuwa 940nm - Takardun Fasaha na Hausa

1. Bayanin Samfur

ITR9606-F ƙaramin na'urar katsewar haske ce mai kama da juna. Tana haɗa diode mai fitar da infrared (IRED) da fototransista na silicon a cikin gida ɗaya na baƙar fata na thermoplastic. An jera abubuwan a kan ginshiƙan gani masu haɗuwa. Ka'idar aiki ta asali ta ƙunshi fototransista da ke gano radiyo da IRED ke fitarwa. Lokacin da wani abu marar gani ya katse hanyar haske tsakanin mai fitarwa da mai gano, yanayin fitarwa na fototransista yana canzawa, yana ba da damar aikin gano abu ba tare da taɓawa ba da kuma sauyawa.

1.1 Siffofi da Fa'idodi na Asali

• Saurin Amfani:Yana ba da damar gano abu cikin sauri wanda ya dace da aikace-aikace kamar masu ɓoye lambobi da masu gano gudu.
• Hankali Mai Girma:Fototransista na silicon yana ba da ingantaccen gano siginar ko da ƙarancin ƙarfin infrared.
• Tsawon Zango Na Musamman:Yana da tsayin zango mai kololuwa (λp) na 940nm, wanda yake cikin kusancin infrared, yana rage tsangwama daga hasken da ake iya gani a kewaye.
• Daidaitawa da Muhalli:Samfurin ba shi da gubar, ya bi ka'idar RoHS, kuma yana bin ƙa'idodin EU REACH.
• Ƙirar Ƙarami:Kunshin da aka haɗa tare da juna yana ba da mafita mai ceton sarari don ɗora PCB.

1.2 Aikace-aikacen Da Ake Nufi

An ƙera wannan mai katsewar haske don nau'ikan aikace-aikacen gano abu ba tare da taɓawa ba da kuma gano matsayi, gami da amma ba'a iyakance ga:

• Gano matsayi a cikin linzamin kwamfuta da na'urorin kwafi.
• Gano takarda da gefe a cikin na'urorin sikanar da na'urorin bugawa.
• Gano kasancewar diski a cikin na'urorin faifai da sauran na'urorin kafofin watsa labarai.
• Sauya ba tare da taɓawa ba na gabaɗaya.
• Dora allon kai tsaye a cikin na'urorin lantarki na masu amfani da sarrafa masana'antu.

2. Bincike Mai Zurfi na Ma'auni na Fasaha

Wannan sashe yana ba da cikakken bayani, fassarar haƙiƙa game da ƙayyadaddun lantarki da na gani na na'urar.

2.1 Iyakar Ƙimar Ƙididdiga

Waɗannan ƙididdiga suna ayyana iyakokin da za su iya haifar da lalacewa ta dindindin ga na'urar. Ba a ba da garantin aiki a ƙarƙashin waɗannan sharuɗɗan ba.

• Shigarwa (IRED):
  • Rushewar Wutar Lantarki (Pd): 75 mW (a ko ƙasa da 25°C). Yana buƙatar rage ƙima a yanayin zafi mafi girma.
  • Ƙarfin Wutar Lantarki na Baya (VR): 5 V. Wucewa da wannan zai iya lalata haɗin LED.
  • Ƙarfin Wutar Lantarki na Gaba (IF): 50 mA. Ya kamata a iyakance ƙarfin lantarki na DC na ci gaba zuwa 20mA don ingantaccen aiki na dogon lokaci.
• Fitarwa (Fototransista):
  • Rushewar Wutar Lantarki na Collector (Pd): 75 mW.
  • Ƙarfin Lantarki na Collector (IC): 20 mA.
  • Ƙarfin Wutar Lantarki Collector-Emitter (BV_CEO): 30 V.
  • Ƙarfin Wutar Lantarki Emitter-Collector (BV_ECO): 5 V.
• Iyakar Zafi:
  • Yanayin Zafi na Aiki (T_opr): -25°C zuwa +85°C.
  • Yanayin Zafi na Ajiya (T_stg): -40°C zuwa +85°C.
  • Yanayin Zafi na Gyarar Ƙafar (T_sol): 260°C na iyakar 5 seconds, ana auna shi 3mm daga jikin kunshi.

2.2 Halayen Lantarki da Na Gani

An auna a T_a= 25°C, waɗannan ma'auni suna ayyana aikin na'urar na yau da kullun a ƙarƙashin yanayin aiki na al'ada.

• Halayen Shigarwa (IRED):
  • Ƙarfin Wutar Lantarki na Gaba (V_F): Yawanci 1.2V, tare da matsakaicin 1.5V a I_F=20mA. Wannan yana da mahimmanci don ƙirar da'irar iyakance ƙarfin lantarki don LED.
  • Ƙarfin Lantarki na Baya (I_R): Matsakaicin 10 μA a V_R=5V.
  • Tsawon Zango Mai Kololuwa (λ_P): 940 nm. Wannan tsayin zango na infrared ba a iya ganinsa ga idon ɗan adam kuma yana taimakawa rage hayaniyar gani.
• Halayen Fitarwa (Fototransista):
  • Ƙarfin Lantarki na Duhu (I_CEO): Matsakaicin 100 nA a V_CE=20V tare da haske sifili (E_e=0). Wannan shine ƙarfin lantarki na ɓarna lokacin da aka toshe mai gano.
  • Ƙarfin Wutar Lantarki Collector-Emitter Saturation (V_CE(sat)): Matsakaicin 0.4V a I_C=2mA da hasken haske na 1mW/cm². Ƙananan V_CE(sat)ya fi kyau ga aikace-aikacen sauyawa na dijital.
  • Ƙarfin Lantarki na Collector (I_C(ON)): Ya bambanta daga mafi ƙarancin 0.5mA zuwa matsakaicin 10mA a V_CE=5V da I_F=20mA. Wannan faɗin kewayon yana nuna yuwuwar bambance-bambance daga na'ura zuwa na'ura a cikin hankali.
• Amsa Mai Ƙarfi:
  • Lokacin Tashi (t_r) & Lokacin Faɗuwa (t_f): Yawanci 15 μs kowannensu a ƙarƙashin ƙayyadaddun yanayin gwaji (V_CE=5V, I_C=1mA, R_L=1kΩ). Wannan yana ayyana iyakar ƙarfin mitar sauyawa.

3. Bincike na Lankwasa Ayyuka

Bayanan hoto suna ba da zurfin fahimta game da halayen na'urar a ƙarƙashin yanayi daban-daban.

3.1 Halayen Mai Fitadar Infrared (IRED)

Takardar bayanai ta haɗa da lankwasai na yau da kullun don ɓangaren mai fitar da infrared.

• Ƙarfin Lantarki na Gaba vs. Ƙarfin Wutar Lantarki na Gaba (I_F-V_FLankwasa):Wannan lankwasa mai ma'ana daidai take ga diode. A wurin aiki na yau da kullun na I_F=20mA, V_Fyana kusan 1.2V. Lankwasa tana taimakawa wajen binciken sarrafa zafi, saboda V_Fyana da ƙimar zafi mara kyau.
• Rarraba Siffofi:Yana tabbatar da fitarwa mai kololuwa a 940nm tare da cikakken faɗi a rabin matsakaici (FWHM) na yau da kullun don LED na GaAlAs, yana nuna ƙaramin fitarwa a cikin siffar da ake iya gani.

3.2 Halayen Fototransista

• Hankali na Siffofi:Fototransista na silicon yana da kololuwar hankali a yankin kusa da infrared, wanda ya dace daidai da fitarwa na 940nm na IRED ɗin da aka haɗa. Wannan daidaitawa yana haɓaka ingancin haɗawa da rabon siginar zuwa hayaniya.
• Rushewar Wutar Lantarki na Collector vs. Yanayin Zafi na Kewaye:Lankwasa rage ƙima wanda ke nuna matsakaicin ƙarfin wutar lantarki da aka yarda yana raguwa a layi daya yayin da yanayin zafi ya karu sama da 25°C. Wannan yana da mahimmanci don lissafin dogaro a cikin yanayi mai zafi.

4. Bayanan Injiniya da Kunshi

4.1 Girman Kunshi

ITR9606-F yana da gida mai siffar rectangular mai ƙarami.

• Girman Gabaɗaya:Kusan 4.0mm a tsayi, 3.2mm a faɗi, da 2.5mm a tsayi (ban da ƙafafu).
• Tazarar Ƙafar:Matsakaicin tazarar ƙafar shine 2.54mm (0.1 inches), wanda ya dace da shirye-shiryen PCB na gama-gari.
• Siffar Ƙafar:An ƙera ƙafafun don ɗora ta cikin rami. Zanen girman yana ƙayyadad da wurin sandar ɗaure da wurin lanƙwasa da ake ba da shawarar.
• Ƙididdiga:Sai dai idan an faɗi daban, ƙididdigar girman shine ±0.3mm.

4.2 Gano Polarity da Dora

Gidan baƙar fata yana taimakawa hana tsangwama ta ciki. Ba a bayyana kayan aikin daidai daidai ba; zanen takardar bayanai yana nuna matsayin ɓangarorin mai fitarwa da mai gano. Daidaitaccen alkibla yana da mahimmanci don ginshiƙan gani mai haɗuwa ya yi aiki kamar yadda ake nufi. Matsayin ƙafar PCB dole ne ya daidaita daidai da matsayin ƙafar don guje wa matsin lamba na injiniya akan jikin epoxy yayin gyarawa.

5. Jagororin Gyarawa da Haɗawa

Daidaitaccen sarrafawa yana da mahimmanci don kiyaye ingancin na'urar da aiki.

5.1 Umarnin Siffantar Ƙafar

• Dole ne a yi lanƙwasa a nisa fiye da 3mm daga ƙasan jikin kunshin epoxy.
• Dole ne a kammala siffantar ƙafarkafintsarin gyarawa.
• Dole ne a tsare firam ɗin ƙafar a tsaye yayin lanƙwasa, kuma dole ne a guje wa matsin lamba akan jikin epoxy don hana fashewa ko lalacewa ta ciki.
• Yanke ƙafafu ya kamata a yi shi a yanayin daki.

5.2 Ma'aunin Gyarawa da Ake Shawarar

• Gyarar Hannu:Matsakaicin zafin ƙarshen guntun ƙarfe 300°C (don ƙarfe na 30W), matsakaicin lokacin gyarawa 3 seconds kowace ƙafa. Kiyaye mafi ƙarancin nisa 3mm daga haɗin gyarawa zuwa kwararan fitila na epoxy.
• Gyarar Wave/Dip:Matsakaicin zafin preheat 100°C (har zuwa 60 seconds). Matsakaicin zafin wanka na gyarawa 260°C, tare da matsakaicin lokacin zama 5 seconds. Kiyaye ƙa'idar nisa 3mm.
• Mahimman Bayanin Kula:
  • Guci amfani da matsin lamba akan ƙafafu yayin da na'urar ke da zafi.
  • Kada a yi gyarar dip/hannu fiye da sau ɗaya.
  • Kare na'urar daga girgiza na injiniya har sai ta yi sanyi zuwa yanayin daki.
  • Kada a yi amfani da hanyoyin tsaftacewa na ultrasonic.

5.3 Yanayin Ajiya

• Gajeren Lokaci (≤3 watanni):Ajiye a 10-30°C tare da ≤70% Yanayin Zafi (RH).
• Dogon Lokaci (≥3 watanni):Ajiye a cikin akwati mai rufaffiyar iska tare da yanayin nitrogen a 10-25°C da 20-60% RH.
• Bayan Buɗewa:Yi amfani da na'urori cikin sa'o'i 24 idan zai yiwu. Ajiye ragowar a 10-25°C, 20-60% RH, kuma a sake rufe jakar kunshi da sauri.
• Guci saurin canjin yanayin zafi a cikin yanayi mai ɗanɗano don hana hazo.

6. Bayanan Tattarawa da Oda

6.1 Ƙayyadaddun Tattarawa

• 90 guda a kowace bututu.
• 48 bututu a kowace akwati.
• 4 akwatuna a kowace akwatin.

6.2 Bayanan Alama

Alamar tattarawa ta haɗa da filayen daidaitattun don bin sawu: Lambar Sashen Abokin Ciniki (CPN), Lambar Sashen Masana'anta (P/N), Yawa (QTY), Matsayi (CAT), Magana (REF), da Lambar Rukuni (LOT No.).

7. Abubuwan Da Ake Yi La'akari Da Su Lokacin Ƙira

7.1 Tsarin Da'irar Aiki Na Yau Da Kullun

Da'irar aikace-aikace ta asali ta ƙunshi resistor mai iyakance ƙarfin lantarki a jere tare da anode na IRED. Yawanci ana haɗa fototransista tare da resistor mai ja a collector ɗinsa, yana samar da tsarin mai fitarwa na gama-gari. Ana fitar da fitarwa daga collector, wanda za a ja shi ƙasa lokacin da aka gano hasken IR (abu babu) kuma babba lokacin da aka katse hanyar haske (abu yana nan). Ƙimar resistor mai ja da ƙarfin lantarki na IRED za su ƙayyade motsin ƙarfin wutar lantarki da saurin amsawa.

7.2 Mafi Kyawun Ayyuka na Ƙira da Shiri

• Hanyar Gani:Tabbatar cewa abin da za a gano ya wuce tsafta ta cikin rami tsakanin mai fitarwa da mai gano. Yi la'akari da girman abu, haske, da sauri.
• Kariya daga Hasken Kewaye:Duk da cewa tace 940nm da gida suna ba da ɗan kariya, ƙirar tsarin don daidaita ƙarfin lantarki na IRED da amfani da gano aiki tare a cikin da'irar mai karɓa na iya haɓaka kariya daga hasken kewaye da hayaniyar lantarki sosai.
• Gudanar da Zafi:Ku bi lankwasa rage ƙimar wutar lantarki. A cikin yanayi mai zafi ko aikace-aikacen babban aiki, rage ƙarfin lantarki na aiki (I_F) daidai.
• Dora Injiniya:Tsare na'urar a tsaye zuwa PCB don rage girgiza, wanda zai iya shafar dogaro. Tabbatar cewa babu matsin lamba da aka canjawa zuwa kunshi ta hanyar ƙafafu.

8. Kwatance da Bambance-bambancen Fasaha

ITR9606-F na cikin rukunin na'urori masu katsewar haske masu kallon gefe. Mahimman abubuwan da suka bambanta sun haɗa da daidaitaccen tsayin zango na 940nm, matsakaicin lokacin amsa na 15μs, da ƙaramin kunshin rami. Idan aka kwatanta da masu gano watsawa tare da tazarar jiki, wannan tsari mai kama da juna yana ba da damar gano abu ba tare da tazara ba amma yana iya samun ɗan gajeren nisa na gano aiki kuma yana iya zama mai hankali ga hasken abin da ake nufi.

9. Tambayoyin da Ake Yawan Yi (FAQ)

9.1 Dangane da Ma'aunin Fasaha

Q: Menene matsakaicin nisa ko tazara na gano wannan mai katsewa?

A: Takardar bayanai ba ta ƙayyade matsakaicin tazarar gano ba. Wannan ya dogara sosai da ƙarfin lantarki na tuƙi na IRED, ribar fototransista, da haske/girman abin da ake nufi. An ƙera shi don kusanci ko katsewar hanyar gani ta ciki kai tsaye maimakon gano nisa mai nisa.

Q: Me yasa aka ƙayyade Ƙarfin Lantarki na Collector (I_C(ON)) tare da irin wannan faɗin kewayon (0.5mA zuwa 10mA)?

A: Wannan kewayon yana lissafin bambance-bambancen halitta a cikin rabon canja wurin ƙarfin lantarki (CTR) na optocoupler, wanda shine rabon ƙarfin lantarki na fitarwa na fototransista zuwa ƙarfin lantarki na shigarwa na IRED. Ƙirar da'irori don yin aiki da dogaro tare da mafi ƙarancin ƙayyadaddun I_C(ON)don tabbatar da aiki a duk rukunin samarwa.

Q: Zan iya tuƙi IRED tare da ƙarfin lantarki mai bugun jini sama da 20mA?

A: Iyakar Ƙimar Ƙididdiga don ci gaba da ƙarfin lantarki na gaba shine 50mA. Duk da yake gajerun bugun jini sama da 20mA na iya yiwuwa, matsakaicin ƙarfin wutar lantarki dole ne kada ya wuce ƙimar 75mW, la'akari da aikin aiki da yanayin zafi. Wucewa da ƙididdiga yana haifar da haɗarin rage tsawon rayuwa ko gazawar nan take.

10. Misalan Aikace-aikace na Aiki

10.1 Gano Takarda a cikin Firinta

A cikin tiren takarda na firinta, ana iya ɗora ITR9606-F ta yadda tarin takarda ya zauna a cikin hanyar gani tsakanin mai fitarwa da mai gano. Lokacin da takarda ta kasance, tana nuna hasken IR zuwa fototransista, yana nuna "an loda takarda." Lokacin da tire ya kasance fanko, rashin filin haske yana haifar da canjin yanayin fitarwa na fototransista, yana haifar da faɗakarwar "ƙananan takarda." Saurin amsa yana ba da damar gano ko da takarda ta ciyar da sauri.

10.2 Mai Ƙidaya Juyawa don Gudun Injin

Faifan rami da aka haɗa zuwa gat injin na iya wucewa ta yankin gano na mai gano. Yayin da ramuka da maganganu ke wucewa a jere, suna katse katakon IR, suna haifar da jerin bugun jini na dijital a fitarwa na fototransista. Mitar wannan siginar yana daidai daidai da saurin injin. Lokacin amsa na 15μs yana saita iyaka sama ga matsakaicin saurin da za a iya warwarewa dangane da yawan ramuka.

11. Ka'idar Aiki

ITR9606-F yana aiki bisa ka'idar hasken infrared da aka daidaita. IRED na ciki yana fitar da haske a 940nm. A cikin yanayinsa na asali (babu abin da ake nufi), wannan hasken yana haskakawa daga siffar gida na gida ko bayanan asali kuma ana gano shi ta hanyar fototransista ɗaya, yana kunna shi. Lokacin da wani abu ya shiga yankin gano, yana canza wannan hanyar hasken da aka haskaka—yawanci ta hanyar sha ko watsar da hasken IR—yana haifar da raguwa mai aunawa a cikin hasken da fototransista ya karɓa don haka ƙarfin lantarki na fitarwa. Ana amfani da wannan canjin fitarwa azaman siginar dijital ko analog wanda ke nuna kasancewar abu ko matsayi.

12. Trends na Fasaha

Masu katsewar haske kamar ITR9606-F suna wakiltar fasaha mai girma, abin dogaro. Trends na yanzu a wannan fanni suna mai da hankali kan yankuna da yawa:

• Ƙananan Girma:Haɓaka ƙananan ƙananan kunshin na'urar (SMD) don ceton sararin PCB a cikin na'urorin lantarki na zamani.
• Haɗawa:Haɗa ƙarin da'irori, kamar masu faɗakarwa na Schmitt, masu ƙara ƙarfi, ko fitarwa na dabaru, cikin kunshin mai gano don sauƙaƙe ƙirar waje da inganta kariya daga hayaniya.
• Ingantaccen Aiki:Inganta lokutan amsa don aikace-aikace masu sauri da haɓaka hankali don amfani tare da ƙananan ƙarfin tuƙi don ceton wutar lantarki.
• Ƙwarewa:Ƙirƙirar bambance-bambance tare da tsayin zango daban-daban, nisa na gano, ko nau'ikan fitarwa (dijital, analog) don takamaiman sassan kasuwa kamar motoci ko sarrafa masana'antu.

Duk da waɗannan trends, ƙirar asali mai kama da juna ta kasance mafita mai tsada da ƙarfi don ƙididdiga na kusanci da gano matsayi.