Takardar Bayani na ITR9707 Mai Katsewar Haske - Girman 7.0x4.0x3.0mm - Ƙarfin Wutar Gaba 1.2V - Tsawon Raɗaɗin Haske 940nm - Takardun Fasaha na Hausa

1. Bayyani Game da Samfur

ITR9707 wata ƙaramar na'urar katsewar haske ce, wadda aka fi sani da photo interrupter ko slot sensor. Tana haɗa diode mai fitar da hasken infrared (IRED) da silicon phototransistor a cikin gida ɗaya na thermoplastic baƙar fata. An sanya abubuwan a gefe ɗaya akan madaidaicin haske masu haɗuwa. Babban ƙa'idar aiki ta dogara ne akan katsewar hasken infrared. A yanayinta na yau da kullun, phototransistor yana karɓar hasken da ke fitowa daga LED infrared ɗin da ke wuri ɗaya. Lokacin da wani abu marar gani ya ratsa cikin tsaga tsakanin mai fitarwa da mai gano, hanyar haske tana toshewa, wanda ke haifar da canjin yanayin fitarwa na phototransistor. Wannan yana ba da ingantacciyar hanyar gano abu ba tare da taɓawa ba, don gano kasancewa, rashi, ko matsayin wani abu.

1.1 Siffofi da Fa'idodi na Cibiya

• Saurin Amsa:Yana ba da damar gano abubuwa masu sauri tare da lokutan tashi da faɗuwa na yau da kullun na microseconds 15.
• Hankali Mai Girma:Silicon phototransistor yana ba da amsa mai ƙarfi ta lantarki ga hasken infrared.
• Tsawon Raɗaɗi na Musamman:Yana amfani da LED infrared tare da tsayin fitarwa mafi girma (λp) na 940nm, wanda ke waje da tsarin haske da ake iya gani, yana rage tsangwama daga hasken muhalli.
• Yin Biyayya ga Muhalli:Samfurin ba shi da gubar, yana bin umarnin RoHS, kuma yana bin ka'idojin EU REACH.

1.2 Aikace-aikacen Da Ake Nufi

An ƙera wannan na'urar don nau'ikan aikace-aikacen gano abu ba tare da taɓawa ba da kuma sauya wuta, gami da amma ba'a iyakance ga: gano matsayi a cikin linzamin kwamfuta da na'urorin kwafi, gano gefe a cikin na'urorin sikanar da na'urorin faifai, sauya wuta na gama-gari ba tare da taɓawa ba, da kuma ɗora kai tsaye a kan allo a cikin tarin na'urorin lantarki daban-daban.

2. Ƙayyadaddun Bayanai na Fasaha da Fassarar Cikakke

2.1 Matsakaicin Matsayin Cikakke

Waɗannan matsayi suna ayyana iyakokin da za su iya haifar da lalacewa ta dindindin ga na'urar. Ba a ba da garantin aiki a ƙarƙashin waɗannan sharuɗɗan ba.

• Shigarwa (LED Infrared):Matsakaicin ci gaba na yanzu na ci gaba (IF) shine 50 mA. Matsakaicin ƙarfin wutar baya (VR) shine 5 V. Ragewar wutar lantarki (Pd) shine 75 mW a ko ƙasa da zafin iska 25°C.
• Fitarwa (Phototransistor):Matsakaicin yanzu na tara (IC) shine 20 mA. Ƙarfin wutar lantarki na tara-emitter (BVCEO) shine 30 V. Ragewar wutar lantarki (Pd) shine 75 mW.
• Zafi:Kewayon zafin aiki (Topr) shine -25°C zuwa +85°C. Kewayon zafin ajiya (Tstg) shine -40°C zuwa +85°C.
• Solder:Zafin solder na gubar (Tsol) bai kamata ya wuce 260°C ba na tsawon dakika 5 ko ƙasa da haka, wanda aka auna 3mm daga jikin fakitin.

2.2 Halayen Lantarki-Haske

Waɗannan su ne ma'auni na aiki na yau da kullun da aka auna a Ta=25°C, waɗanda ke ayyana yanayin aiki na na'urar.

• Halayen Shigarwa:Ƙarfin wutar gaba (VF) na LED infrared yawanci shine 1.2V a yanzun kwarara (IF) na 20mA, tare da matsakaicin 1.5V. Yanzun baya (IR) shine matsakaicin 10 µA a VR=5V.
• Halayen Fitarwa:Yanzun duhu na tara (ICEO), wanda shine yanzun ɓarna ba tare da haske ba, shine matsakaicin 100 nA a VCE=20V. Matsakaicin ƙarfin wutar lantarki na tara-emitter (VCE(sat)) shine matsakaicin 0.4V lokacin da aka tura phototransistor cikin jikewa (IC=2mA, Ee=1mW/cm²).
• Halayen Canja wuri:Wannan yana ayyana alaƙa tsakanin shigarwa da fitarwa. Yanzun tara na yanayin kunna (IC(on)) an ba da garantin zai kasance aƙalla 0.5mA lokacin da aka kunna LED infrared tare da IF=20mA kuma aka kunna phototransistor tare da VCE=5V. Wannan ma'auni, wanda aka sani da rabon canja wurin yanzu (CTR), yana da mahimmanci don ƙira da'irar haɗin kai.
• Amsa Mai Ƙarfi:Duka lokacin tashi (tr) da lokacin faɗuwa (tf) yawanci 15 µs ne a ƙarƙashin ƙayyadaddun sharuɗɗan gwaji (VCE=5V, IC=1mA, RL=1kΩ). Wannan yana ƙayyade matsakaicin mitar sauya wuta.

3. Bincike na Lankwasa Aiki

3.1 Halayen LED Infrared

Takardar bayani tana ba da lankwasa na yau da kullun don ɓangaren mai fitar da infrared. TaswirarYanzun Gaba vs. Zafin Muhallita nuna yadda matsakaicin yanzun gaba da aka yarda yana raguwa yayin da zafin muhalli ya ƙaru sama da 25°C, wanda ke da mahimmanci ga sarrafa zafi. LankwasaYanzun Gaba vs. Ƙarfin Wutar Gabata kwatanta halayen IV na diode, mai mahimmanci don zaɓar resistor mai iyakance yanzu. TaswirarHankalin Raɗaɗita tabbatar da fitarwa mafi girma a 940nm da faɗin band ɗin fitarwa.

3.2 Halayen Phototransistor

LankwasaHankalin Raɗaɗina phototransistor yana nuna amsarsa a tsakanin tsayin raɗaɗi daban-daban. Yana kololuwa a yankin kusa da infrared, wanda ya dace daidai da fitarwa na 940nm na LED infrared ɗin da aka haɗa. Wannan daidaitawar raɗaɗi tana ƙara hankali kuma tana rage amsa ga tushen hasken muhalli da ba'a so.

4. Bayanin Injiniya da Fakitin

4.1 Girman Fakitin

An sanya ITR9707 a cikin daidaitaccen fakitin, ƙarami. Manyan girmansu sun haɗa da faɗin jiki gabaɗaya kusan 7.0mm, tsayi na 4.0mm, da zurfin 3.0mm. Faɗin tsagar tsaga, wanda ke ƙayyade girman abin da za'a iya gano, muhimmin girma ne. Tazarar gubar an daidaita ta don ɗora PCB ta hanyar rami. Duk ƙimar girmansu yawanci ±0.3mm ne sai dai idan an faɗi.

4.2 Gano Polarity da ɗora

Kayan yana da daidaitaccen fitar guda inda anode da cathode na LED infrared suke gefe ɗaya, kuma emitter da collector na phototransistor suke ɗayan gefen. Baƙar gida da takamaiman tsayin gubar ko alamun fakitin yawanci suna nuna alkibla. Dole ne a kiyaye daidaitaccen polarity yayin shimfidar PCB da haɗawa.

5. Jagororin Solder da Haɗawa

5.1 Kula da Siffar Gubar

Idan gubar tana buƙatar lanƙwasa don ɗora, dole ne a yi hakankafinsolder. Lanƙwasa bai kamata ya kasance kusa da 3mm daga gindin jikin fakitin epoxy ba don guje wa watsa damuwa wanda zai iya fashe gida ko lalata mutuwar ciki. Dole ne a tsare gubar yayin lanƙwasa, kuma a yi aikin a zafin daki.

5.2 Ma'auni na Solder da Aka Ba da Shawara

• Solder da Hannu:Zafin ƙarshen guntun ƙarfe bai kamata ya wuce 300°C ba (don ƙarfe 30W matsakaici). Lokacin solder kowace gubar ya kamata ya zama dakika 3 ko ƙasa da haka. Haɗin solder dole ne ya kasance aƙalla 3mm nesa da kwalliyar epoxy.
• Solder na Wave/Dip:Zafin preheat ya kamata ya zama 100°C matsakaici har zuwa dakika 60. Zafin wanka na solder bai kamata ya wuce 260°C ba, tare da lokacin zama a cikin igiyar ruwa na dakika 5 ko ƙasa da haka. Bugu da ƙari, kiyaye mafi ƙarancin nisa na 3mm daga fakitin.

An ba da shawarar bayanin martabar zafin solder, yana mai da hankali kan sarrafa haɓaka, daidaitaccen zafin kololuwa, da sarrafa sanyaya don hana girgiza zafi.

5.3 Sarrafa Bayan Solder

Kauce wa amfani da damuwa ko girgiza ga na'urar yayin da har yanzu tana da zafi daga solder. Bari ya sanyaya da kansa zuwa zafin daki. Dip ko solder da hannu bai kamata a maimaita fiye da sau ɗaya ba. Ba a ba da shawarar tsaftacewa ta ultrasonic don wannan na'urar ba.

6. Ajiya da Sarrafawa

Don ajiyar dogon lokaci wanda ya wuce daidaitaccen rayuwar shinge na watanni 3 daga jigilar kaya, ya kamata a adana na'urori a cikin akwati mai rufewa tare da yanayin nitrogen a 10°C~25°C da zafi na 20%~60%. Bayan buɗe fakitin mai hankali da danshi, ya kamata a yi amfani da abubuwan cikin sa'o'i 24 ko da wuri-wuri. Dole ne a guji sauye-sauyen zafi cikin sauri a cikin yanayi mai yawan danshi don hana hazo, wanda zai iya haifar da lalata ko wasu lalacewa yayin solder na gaba.

7. Bayanin Fakitin da Oda

Daidaitaccen tsarin fakitin shine guda 78 a kowace bututu. An tattara bututu arba'in da biyu cikin akwati ɗaya, kuma an tattara akwatuna huɗu cikin babban akwati ɗaya. Alamar da ke kan fakitin ta haɗa da filaye don Lambar Abokin Ciniki (CPN), Lambar Sashen Masana'anta (P/N), adadi (QTY), alamomin tunani (REF), da Lambar Rukuni (LOT No) don bin diddigin.

8. Abubuwan da Ake Yi la'akari da Ƙira na Aikace-aikace

8.1 Tsarin Da'irar Yau da Kullun

Da'irar aikace-aikace ta yau da kullun ta ƙunshi resistor mai iyakance yanzu a jere tare da anode na LED infrared. An ƙididdige ƙimar bisa ga ƙarfin wutar lantarki (Vcc), ƙarfin wutar gaba na LED (VF ~1.2V), da yanzun gaba da ake so (IF, misali, 20mA). Ana amfani da phototransistor a yanayin sauya wuta, ana haɗa shi azaman na'urar ja-ƙasa tare da tara zuwa Vcc (ta hanyar resistor mai ja sama idan an buƙata) da emitter ɗinsa zuwa ƙasa. Ƙarfin wutar lantarki a cikin kumburin tara zai yi ƙasa lokacin da hasken ba a katse shi ba (transistor YANA KUNNA) kuma zai yi girma lokacin da aka toshe hasken (transistor YANA KASHE).

8.2 Abubuwan Ƙira

• Gano Abu:Na'urar tana gano abubuwa marasa gani waɗanda ke katse hasken infrared gabaɗaya a cikin tsaga. Kayan nuni ko masu wucewa haske bazai haifar da ingantaccen canjin yanayi ba.
• Kariya daga Hasken Muhalli:Tsawon raɗaɗi na 940nm da amsawar raɗaɗi masu dacewa suna ba da kyakkyawar ƙin yarda da hasken muhalli na gama-gari da ake iya gani. Duk da haka, tushen hasken infrared mai ƙarfi (misali, hasken rana, kwan fitila) na iya haifar da tsangwama kuma yana iya buƙatar garkuwar gani ko dabarun daidaitawa/daidaitawa don aikace-aikace masu mahimmanci.
• Saurin Amsa:Lokacin amsa na 15 µs yana ba da damar gano abubuwa masu motsi cikin sauri sosai, wanda ya dace da masu ɓoye bayanai da na'urori masu auna sauri.
• Daidaituwa:Na'urorin gani na ciki masu haɗuwa suna sauƙaƙa daidaitawa, amma dole ne a ƙira PCB ta yadda gubar za ta shiga ba tare da damuwa ba, kuma tsagar dole ne ta kasance ba tare da toshewa ba.

9. Kwatancen Fasaha da Matsayi

ITR9707 tana wakiltar daidaitaccen mafita mai tsada don ɗora ta hanyar rami. Babban abin da ya bambanta shi ne takamaiman tsayin raɗaɗi na 940nm, wanda shine daidaitaccen ma'auni na masana'antu, da kuma ingantaccen gini. Idan aka kwatanta da na'urori masu nuni, masu katsewa suna ba da ingantaccen gano abu da daidaito saboda ba su da sauƙin kamuwa da bambance-bambance a cikin nuni na saman manufa. Idan aka kwatanta da na'urorin zamani na ɗora saman, fakitin ta hanyar rami yana ba da ƙarfin injiniya a cikin aikace-aikacen da ke ƙarƙashin girgiza ko inda ake amfani da haɗawa da hannu.

10. Tambayoyin da Ake Yawan Yi (FAQ)

Q: Menene nisa ko tsaga na aiki na yau da kullun?

A: "Tsagar" aikin ita ce tsagar jiki a cikin jikin fakitin da kansa. Na'urar tana gano duk wani abu marar gani da ya shiga kuma ya toshe wannan tsagar ciki. Ba a amfani da shi don gano abubuwa a nesa da fakitin ba.

Q: Zan iya kunna LED infrared da tushen wutar lantarki kai tsaye?

A: A'a. LED na'urar da aka kunna ta yanzu ce. Dole ne a sami resistor mai iyakance yanzu a jere don hana yanzu mai yawa wanda zai lalata LED, ko da ƙarfin wutar lantarki yana da ƙasa.

Q: Ta yaya zan fassara mafi ƙarancin ƙimar IC(on) na 0.5mA?

A> Wannan shine garantin mafi ƙarancin yanzun fitarwa lokacin da aka kunna shigarwa a ƙarƙashin daidaitattun sharuɗɗan gwaji (IF=20mA, VCE=5V). Ƙirar da'irar ku ya kamata ta yi aiki daidai ko da ainihin na'urar tana a wannan mafi ƙarancin ƙayyadaddun bayanai, yana tabbatar da ƙarfi akan bambance-bambancen samarwa.

Q: Wannan na'urar gano tana kariya daga hasken rana?

A> Duk da cewa tace na 940nm yana taimakawa, hasken rana kai tsaye yana ɗauke da adadi mai yawa na hasken infrared kuma zai iya cika na'urar gano. Don amfani a waje ko a cikin wuraren ciki masu haske sosai, ana ba da shawarar ƙarin garkuwar gani ko tacewa ta lantarki (misali, hasken da aka daidaita).

11. Misalan Aikace-aikace na Aiki

Misali na 1: Gano Matsalar Takarda a cikin Na'urar Buga.An ɗora mai katsewa ta yadda tutar takarda ko takarda da kanta ta ratsa cikin tsagarta. Lokacin da takarda ta kasance, an toshe hasken, kuma phototransistor yana kashe. Matsalar takarda ko yanayin rashin takarda (babu toshewa) yana haifar da transistor ya kunna, yana nuna alama ga microcontroller.

Misali na 2: Mai ɓoye Bayanai na Juyawa don Saurin Motor.Faifai mai tsaga da aka haɗa zuwa gatari na mota yana juyawa tsakanin hannayen mai katsewa. Yayin da kowane tsaga ya ratsa, hasken yana katsewa kuma ana barin shi ya wuce, yana haifar da jerin bugun jini mai siffar murabba'i. Mitar wannan siginar yana daidai daidai da saurin juyawa na motar.

12. Ƙa'idar Aiki

ITR9707 tana aiki bisa ƙa'idar katsewar hasken da aka watsa. Ana samar da hasken infrared ta LED na GaAlAs. Wannan hasken yana tafiya a kan ƙaramin tazarar iska a cikin gidan na'urar kuma an mayar da hankali kan yanki mai hankali na silicon NPN phototransistor. Phototransistor yana aiki azaman tushen yanzu; photons masu faruwa suna haifar da nau'i-nau'i na electron-ramu a yankin tushensa, suna haifar da yanzun tushe wanda aka ƙara ƙarfafa shi ta hanyar ribar transistor, wanda ke haifar da yanzun tara mafi girma. Lokacin da wani abu ya toshe hasken, ƙwayoyin photon sun faɗi zuwa sifili, yanzun tushe ya daina, kuma yanzun tara ya faɗi zuwa matakin yanzun duhu mai ƙasa sosai. Ana amfani da wannan babban canji a cikin yanzun fitarwa azaman siginar lambobi da ke nuna kasancewar abu.

13. Trends na Fasaha

Masu katsewar haske sun kasance muhimman abubuwa a cikin gano matsayi da motsi. Trends na yanzu sun haɗa da haɓaka nau'ikan na'urar ɗora saman (SMD) don haɗawa ta atomatik, waɗanda ke ba da ƙananan ƙafafu da ƙananan bayanai. Hakanan akwai motsi zuwa haɗa ƙarin da'ira akan guntu, kamar masu faɗakarwa na Schmitt don fitarwa ta lambobi tare da jinkiri, masu ƙara ƙarfi don fitarwa na analog, ko ma cikakkiyar dabaru na ɓoye bayanai. Bugu da ƙari, ci gaban a cikin kayan fakitin yana nufin inganta aikin zafi da juriya ga hanyoyin wanke allo. Duk da haka, ana ci gaba da daraja babban ƙa'idar katsewar gani saboda sauƙinsa, amincinsa, da yanayin rashin taɓawa.