Bayanin Fasaha na LED na Orange SMD LTST-C170KFKT - Girman Kunshin - Karfin Wutar Gaba 2.4V - Tsananin Haske 90mcd - Takardun Fasaha na Turanci

1. Bayanin Samfur

Wannan takarda tana ba da cikakkun ƙayyadaddun bayanai na fasaha don LED na Orange mai hawa sama mai inganci. Na'urar tana amfani da guntu na AlInGaP (Aluminum Indium Gallium Phosphide) mai tsananin haske, wanda aka sani da ingantaccen ingancin haske da ingantaccen launi a cikin bakan launin ruwan hoda-ja. An tsara shi azaman samfurin kore mai bin ka'idodin RoHS, yana tabbatar da amincin muhalli. Ana ba da LED a cikin kaset ɗin 8mm na masana'antu akan reels masu diamita 7-inch, wanda ya sa ya dace da kayan aikin haɗawa da saɓo da wuri da aka yi amfani da su wajen samar da na'urorin lantarki masu yawa. Tsarinsa ya dace da hanyoyin haɗa reflow na infrared (IR) da na tururi, waɗanda suke daidaitattun layukan haɗa PCB na zamani.

2. Zurfin Binciken Sigogi na Fasaha

2.1 Matsakaicin Iyaka na Cikakke

Iyakar aikin na'urar an ayyana ta a yanayin zafin muhalli (Ta) na 25°C. Wucewa waɗannan ƙimar na iya haifar da lalacewa na dindindin. Matsakaicin ci gaba na DC na yanzu shine 30 mA. Don aikin bugun jini, matsakaicin ƙarfin gaba na 80 mA yana yiwuwa a ƙarƙashin zagayowar aiki na 1/10 tare da faɗin bugun jini na 0.1ms. Matsakaicin ɓarnawar wutar lantarki shine 75 mW. Na'urar na iya jure ƙarfin juyawa har zuwa 5 V. An ƙayyade kewayon zafin aiki da ajiya daga -55°C zuwa +85°C, yana nuna dacewa ga yanayi iri-iri. An kuma ayyana yanayin haɗa mai mahimmanci: haɗa igiyar ruwa da infrared a 260°C na dakika 5, da haɗa tururi a 215°C na mintuna 3.

2.2 Halayen Wutar Lantarki & Gani

An auna sigogi masu mahimmanci na aiki a Ta=25°C da ƙarfin gaba (IF) na 20 mA. Tsananin haske (Iv) yana da ƙimar al'ada na 90.0 millicandelas (mcd) tare da mafi ƙarancin 45.0 mcd. Kallon kusurwa (2θ1/2), wanda aka ayyana azaman cikakken kusurwar da ƙarfin ya ragu zuwa rabin ƙimar axial, shine digiri 130, yana ba da tsarin fitarwa mai faɗi. Tsayin tsayin fitarwa (λP) yawanci shine 611 nm, kuma tsayin tsayin (λd) shine 605 nm, yana sanya fitarwa a cikin yankin launin ruwan hoda. Ramin rabin layin bakan (Δλ) shine 17 nm, yana nuna ƙunƙuntaccen bandwidth na bakan. Ƙarfin wutar gaba (VF) ya bambanta daga 2.0 V zuwa 2.4 V a 20 mA. Ƙarfin juyawa (IR) shine matsakaicin 100 µA a VR=5V, kuma ƙarfin haɗin gwiwa (C) yawanci shine 40 pF da aka auna a 0V da 1 MHz.

3. Bayanin Tsarin Rarraba

Samfurin yana amfani da tsarin rarraba don rarraba raka'a bisa tsananin haske. Wannan yana tabbatar da daidaiton haske don aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar haske iri ɗaya. Lambobin kwandon da kewayon ƙarfinsu a IF=20mA sune: Kwandon P (45.0 - 71.0 mcd), Kwandon Q (71.0 - 112.0 mcd), Kwandon R (112.0 - 180.0 mcd), da Kwandon S (180.0 - 280.0 mcd). An yi amfani da juzu'i na +/-15% ga kowane kwandon ƙarfi. Dole ne masu zane su ƙayyade lambar kwandon da ake buƙata lokacin yin oda don tabbatar da matakin haske da ake so don aikace-aikacensu.

4. Binciken Lanƙwan Aiki

Bayanin bayanin yana nuni zuwa lanƙwan aiki na al'ada waɗanda ke da mahimmanci don fahimtar halayen na'urar a ƙarƙashin yanayi daban-daban. Waɗannan lanƙwan yawanci sun haɗa da alaƙar tsakanin ƙarfin gaba (IF) da ƙarfin wutar gaba (VF), suna nuna halayen kunna diode na ma'auni. Alakar tsakanin tsananin haske da ƙarfin gaba yana da mahimmanci don zaɓin ƙarfin tuƙi. Lanƙwan da ke nuna bambancin tsananin haske da tsayin tsayin tare da yanayin zafin muhalli suna da mahimmanci don sarrafa zafin jiki da binciken kwanciyar hankali na launi a cikin ƙira da aka fallasa ga sauye-sauyen zafin jiki. Tsarin rarraba ƙarfin kusurwa yana nuna ta ƙayyadaddun kallon kusurwa, yana nuna yadda ake fitar da haske a cikin mazugi mai digiri 130.

5. Bayanin Injiniya & Kunshi

5.1 Girman Kunshi

LED ya yi daidai da daidaitaccen tsarin kunshin hawa sama na EIA. An ba da duk mahimman girma don ƙirar sawun PCB a cikin milimita, tare da juzu'i na gabaɗaya na ±0.10 mm sai dai idan an ƙayyade in ba haka ba. An kwatanta ruwan tabarau a matsayin "Ruwa Bayyananne," wanda shine na al'ada ga LED masu ƙarfi marasa watsewa. Cikakkun zane-zanen injiniya za su nuna tsayin jiki, faɗi, tsayi, tazarar jagora, da lissafin ruwan tabarau.

5.2 Tsarin Tafin Haɗawa & Polariti

An ba da tsarin girman tafin haɗawa da aka ba da shawarar don tabbatar da ingantaccen samuwar haɗin gwiwa da daidaitawar da ta dace yayin reflow. Ƙirar tafin tana la'akari da taimakon zafi da samuwar fillet na solder. An nuna polaritin LED (anode da cathode) a fili a cikin zanen kunshi, yawanci ta hanyar alama akan jiki ko ƙirar tafin da ba ta daidaita ba, wanda ke da mahimmanci don ingantaccen haɗin PCB.

5.3 Ƙayyadaddun Kaset da Reel

An kunna na'urar a cikin kaset ɗin mai ɗaukar kaya mai faɗin 8mm da aka yi da shi akan reels masu diamita 7-inch (178mm). Daidaitaccen adadin reel shine guda 3000. Kunshi yana bin ƙayyadaddun ANSI/EIA 481-1-A-1994. Mahimman girma na kaset sun haɗa da tazarar aljihu, girman aljihu, da ƙayyadaddun kaset ɗin rufi. Bayanan sun ƙayyade cewa an rufe aljihu mara komai, mafi ƙarancin adadin shirya na ragowar shine guda 500, kuma matsakaicin adadin abubuwan da suka ɓace a jere shine biyu.

6. Jagororin Haɗawa & Haɗawa

6.1 Shahararrun Bayanan Reflow

An ba da shahararrun bayanan haɗa reflow na infrared (IR) guda biyu: ɗaya don daidaitaccen tsarin haɗa gubar tin-lead (SnPb) da ɗaya don tsarin haɗa maras gubar (Pb-free), yawanci ta amfani da gami na SAC (Sn-Ag-Cu). Bayanin maras gubar yana buƙatar mafi girman zafin jiki, kusan 260°C, kamar yadda ƙayyadaddun matsakaicin iyaka ya nuna. Bayanan sun ayyana sigogi masu mahimmanci: zafin jiki da lokacin preheat, ƙimar hawan zafin jiki, lokacin sama da ruwa (TAL), matsakaicin zafin jiki, da ƙimar sanyaya. Yin bin waɗannan bayanan yana da mahimmanci don hana lalacewar zafi ga kunshin filastik na LED da haɗin wayoyi na ciki.

6.2 Yanayin Ajiya

Ya kamata a adana LED a cikin muhallin da bai wuce 30°C da zafi na 70% ba. Da zarar an cire su daga ainihin kunshinsu na hana danshi, ana ba da shawarar kammala tsarin haɗa reflow na IR cikin sa'o'i 672 (kwanaki 28). Don ajiya mai tsawo a waje da ainihin jakar, ya kamata a adana LED a cikin akwati mai rufi tare da bushewa ko a cikin desiccator da aka tsarkake nitrogen. Ya kamata a gasa abubuwan da aka adana fiye da sa'o'i 672 a kusan 60°C na akalla awanni 24 kafin haɗawa don cire danshin da aka sha da hana "popcorning" yayin reflow.

6.3 Tsaftacewa

Idan ana buƙatar tsaftacewa bayan haɗawa, kawai ya kamata a yi amfani da ƙayyadaddun kaushi. Sinadarai da ba a ƙayyade ba na iya lalata ruwan tabarau na epoxy na LED ko kunshi. Hanyar da aka ba da shawarar ita ce nutsar da LED a cikin barasa na ethyl ko isopropyl alcohol a daidaitaccen zafin ɗaki na ƙasa da minti ɗaya. Ba a ba da shawarar tsaftacewa mai ƙarfi ko na ultrasonic ba.

7. Shawarwarin Aikace-aikace

7.1 Yanayin Aikace-aikace na Al'ada

Wannan LED na Orange SMD mai tsananin haske ya dace da aikace-aikace iri-iri waɗanda ke buƙatar fitilun nuni masu bayyanawa. Amfanin gama gari sun haɗa da alamomin yanayi akan na'urorin lantarki na masu amfani (na'urorin hanyar sadarwa, firinta, masu caji), hasken baya don ƙananan nuni ko gumaka, hasken ciki na mota, alamun kasuwanci, da alamomin panel na gabaɗaya. Daidaitawarsa da wurin sa kai ya sa ya dace don ingantaccen farashi, samarwa mai yawa.

7.2 Ƙirar Da'irar Tuƙi

LEDs na'urori ne masu aiki da ƙarfin yanzu. Don tabbatar da daidaiton haske lokacin tuƙi da LED da yawa a layi daya, ana ba da shawarar sosai don amfani da resistor mai iyakancewa na yanzu a jere tare da kowane LED (Samfurin Da'ira A). Tuƙi da LED da yawa a layi daya kai tsaye daga tushen yanzu guda ɗaya (Samfurin Da'ira B) ba a ba da shawarar ba saboda ƙananan bambance-bambance a cikin halayen ƙarfin wutar gaba (Vf) na kowane LED na iya haifar da bambance-bambance masu yawa a cikin rabon yanzu, saboda haka, hasken da ake gani. Resistor na jeri yana daidaita yanzu ta kowane LED.

7.3 Kariya daga Zubar da Wutar Lantarki (ESD)

LED yana da hankali ga zubar da wutar lantarki. Lalacewar ESD na iya bayyana a matsayin babban yawan yawan juyawa, ƙarancin ƙarfin wutar gaba, ko gazawar haskakawa a ƙananan yanzu. Dole ne a aiwatar da matakan rigakafi yayin sarrafawa da haɗawa: ma'aikata ya kamata su sanya bel ɗin wuyan da aka kafa ko safofin hannu masu hana tashin hankali; duk kayan aiki, teburin aiki, da racks na ajiya dole ne a kafa su da kyau; kuma ya kamata a yi amfani da ionizer don kawar da cajin tsaye wanda zai iya taruwa akan ruwan tabarau na filastik saboda gogayyar sarrafawa. Tabbatar da "haske" da Vf a ƙananan yanzu na iya taimakawa gano raka'o'in da ESD ta lalata.

8. Kwatancen Fasaha & Bambance-bambance

Babban abin da ya bambanta wannan LED shine amfani da kayan semiconductor na AlInGaP, wanda ke ba da ingantacciyar inganci da kwanciyar hankali na launi idan aka kwatanta da tsofaffin fasahohi kamar daidaitaccen GaP don launin ruwan hoda/ja. Faɗin kallon kusurwa mai digiri 130 ya sa ya dace da aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar faɗin gani, sabanin LED masu ƙunƙuntaccen katako. Bin sa da ƙaƙƙarfan bayanan haɗa reflow (duka IR da tururi) yana nuna ingantaccen ginin kunshi wanda zai iya jurewa daidaitaccen damuwa na zafi na haɗin SMT. Cikakken tsarin rarraba yana ba masu zane sarrafa daidaiton haske a cikin samfuran su.

9. Tambayoyin da ake yawan yi (FAQs)

Q: Menene bambanci tsakanin tsayin tsayin tsayi da tsayin tsayin tsayi?

A: Tsayin tsayin tsayi (λP) shine tsayin tsayin tsayi guda ɗaya wanda ƙarfin hasken da aka fitar ya fi girma. Tsayin tsayin tsayi (λd) an samo shi daga zanen launi na CIE kuma yana wakiltar tsayin tsayin tsayi guda ɗaya wanda ya fi dacewa da launin hasken da ake gani. Don tushen launi ɗaya kamar wannan LED, suna kusa, amma λd ya fi dacewa don ƙayyadaddun launi.

Q: Shin zan iya tuƙi wannan LED a matsakaicin ƙarfin DC na 30mA akai-akai?

A: Duk da yana yiwuwa, ba a ba da shawarar don mafi kyawun rayuwa da aminci ba. Yin aiki a ko kusa da matsakaicin ƙimar iyaka yana ƙara zafin haɗin gwiwa da haɓaka lalacewa. Masu zane ya kamata su yi amfani da yanayin aiki na al'ada na 20mA ko ƙasa don mafi kyawun daidaiton haske da tsawon rai.

Q: Me yasa ake buƙatar tsarin gasa kafin haɗawa idan an adana sassan na dogon lokaci?

A> Kunshin SMD na filastik na iya sha danshi daga sararin samaniya. A lokacin babban zafin jiki na haɗa reflow, wannan danshin da aka kama zai iya yin tururi da sauri, yana haifar da matsin lamba na ciki wanda zai iya fashe kunshi ko raba fuskokin ciki ("popcorning"). Gasasshen yana fitar da wannan danshin da aka sha.

Q: Ta yaya zan zaɓi daidaitaccen ƙimar resistor mai iyakancewa yanzu?

A> Yi amfani da Dokar Ohm: R = (Vsupply - Vf_LED) / I_LED. Don samar da 5V, Vf na al'ada na 2.4V, da yanzu da ake so na 20mA: R = (5 - 2.4) / 0.02 = 130 Ohms. Koyaushe yi amfani da matsakaicin Vf daga bayanin bayanin (2.4V) don wannan lissafin don tabbatar da cewa yanzu bai wuce ƙimar da ake so a ƙarƙashin duk yanayi ba.

10: Nazarin Shari'ar Ƙira

Yi la'akari da ƙirar allon nuni na yanayi don sauya hanyar sadarwa tare da alamun LED na orange iri ɗaya goma. Don tabbatar da daidaiton haske, mai zane ya ƙayyade Kwandon Q (71-112 mcd) daga mai samarwa. An ƙera da'irar tuƙi ta amfani da layin dogo na 5V. Lissafin resistor na jeri ta amfani da matsakaicin Vf na 2.4V da manufar yanzu na 18mA (kadan ƙasa da na al'ada don gefe) ya ba R = (5V - 2.4V) / 0.018A ≈ 144 Ohms. An zaɓi daidaitaccen 150 Ohm, resistor mai juzu'i na 1%. An shimfiɗa da'irori iri ɗaya goma akan PCB, kowannensu yana da nasa resistor. Sawun PCB yana bin ƙayyadaddun girman tafin da aka ba da shawarar. Gidan haɗawa yana amfani da bayanin reflow maras gubar da aka bayar. Bayan haɗawa, duk LED goma suna nuna daidaitaccen haske a cikin kewayon Kwandon Q da ake tsammani, yana tabbatar da hanyar ƙira ta amfani da resistors masu iyakancewa na yanzu da zaɓin kwandon a hankali.

11. Ka'idar Aiki

Wannan LED yana aiki bisa ka'idar electroluminescence a cikin haɗin gwiwar p-n semiconductor. Yankin aiki ya ƙunshi AlInGaP. Lokacin da aka yi amfani da ƙarfin wutar gaba wanda ya wuce ƙarfin kunna diode (kusan 2.0V), electrons daga yankin n-type da ramuka daga yankin p-type ana shigar da su cikin yankin aiki. Lokacin da waɗannan masu ɗaukar caji suka sake haɗuwa, suna sakin makamashi a cikin nau'in photons (haske). Takamaiman abun da ke cikin gami na AlInGaP yana ƙayyade ƙarfin bandgap, wanda kai tsaye yana ƙayyade tsayin tsayi (launi) na hasken da aka fitar—a wannan yanayin, orange a kusa da 605-611 nm. Ruwan tabarau "ruwa bayyananne" yana ba da damar hasken ya fita daga kunshi tare da ƙanƙanta scattering, yana haifar da tsananin ƙarfi na axial.

12. Trends na Fasaha

Amfani da kayan AlInGaP yana wakiltar ingantacciyar fasaha mai inganci don LED na amber, orange, da ja. Ci gaba da ci gaba a cikin masana'antu sun haɗa da ci gaba da turawa don mafi girman ingancin haske (ƙarin fitowar haske a kowace wutar lantarki), wanda ke inganta ingancin makamashi. Hakanan an mayar da hankali kan haɓaka kwanciyar hankali na launi akan zafin jiki da rayuwar aiki. Trends na kunshi suna nufin ƙananan siffofi yayin kiyayewa ko inganta aikin zafin jiki don sarrafa mafi girman ƙarfin tuƙi. Bugu da ƙari, haɗin kai tare da direbobi masu hankali da haɓaka LED masu dacewa da mafi girman zafin jiki, hanyoyin haɗawa marasa gubar sun kasance wuraren ci gaba masu aiki don saduwa da ka'idojin muhalli da buƙatun masana'antu masu canzawa.