Teburin Abubuwan Ciki
- 1. Bayanin Samfur
- 2. Bincike Mai Zurfi na Ma'auni na Fasaha
- 2.1 Matsakaicin Matsakaicin Matsayi
- 2.2 Halayen Lantarki da Na Gani
- 3. Bayanin Tsarin Rarraba (Binning)
- 4. Bincike na Lankwasa Ayyuka
- 5. Bayanin Injiniya da Kunshin
- 6. Jagororin Solder da Haɗawa
- 7. Shawarwari na Aikace-aikace
- 7.1 Yanayin Aikace-aikace na Yau da Kullun
- 7.2 Abubuwan da Ya Kamata a Yi la'akari da su a Zane
- 8. Kwatancen Fasaha da Bambance-bambance
- 9. Tambayoyin da Ake Yawan Yi (FAQs)
- 10. Misalin Amfani na Aiki
- 11. Ka'idar Aiki
- 12. Trends na Fasaha
1. Bayanin Samfur
LTH-1650-01 ƙaramin na'urar gano haske ne mai nau'in watsawa. Babban aikinsa shine gano katsewar hasken infrared tsakanin LED ɗin sa na fitar da hasken infrared da aka haɗa da fototransistor na silicon. Babban fa'idar zane shine nisa mai tsayi na 3mm da aka haɗa, wanda ke inganta hankali don gano abu a wannan tazara na musamman. A matsayin na'urar nau'in yanke infrared, an tsara shi don rage tsangwama daga hasken gani na yanayi, yana haɓaka amincin sa a cikin aikace-aikacen gano daban-daban. Kasuwar da aka yi niyya ta farko ta haɗa da kayan aikin sarrafa ofis, tsarin sarrafa masana'antu, da na'urorin lantarki na mabukaci waɗanda ke buƙatar gano matsayi ko abu ba tare da taɓawa ba.
2. Bincike Mai Zurfi na Ma'auni na Fasaha
2.1 Matsakaicin Matsakaicin Matsayi
Waɗannan ma'auni suna ayyana iyakokin damuwa waɗanda sama da su lalacewa na dindindin na na'urar zai iya faruwa. Ba a nufin su don aiki na yau da kullun ba.
- Yawan Wutar LED Mai Shigarwa (PD):Matsakaicin 75 mW. Wannan yana iyakance jimillar kayan zafi daga halin yanzu na gaba da faɗuwar ƙarfin lantarki.
- Matsakaicin Halin Yanzu na Gaba na LED (ICP):1 A a ƙarƙashin yanayin bugun jini (300 pps, faɗin bugun jini 10 µs). Wannan yana ba da damar ɗan gajeren bugun jini mai ƙarfi don ingantaccen gano sigina.
- Ci gaba da Halin Yanzu na Gaba na LED (IF):Matsakaicin 60 mA DC. Wannan shine iyaka mai aminci don aiki akai-akai.
- Ƙarfin Lantarki na LED Mai Juya Baya (VR):5 V. Wuce wannan zai iya lalata haɗin LED.
- Yawan Wutar Fototransistor (PC):Matsakaicin 100 mW, wanda aka ƙaddara ta hanyar halin yanzu na tara da ƙarfin lantarki mai tara-emitter.
- Ƙarfin Lantarki Mai Tara-Emitter (VCEO):Matsakaicin 30 V don fototransistor.
- Halin Yanzu Mai Tara (IC):Matsakaicin 20 mA don transistor na fitarwa.
- Zazzabi na Aiki (Topr):-25°C zuwa +85°C. Na'urar ta dace da yanayi mai faɗi na masana'antu da na kasuwanci.
- Zazzabin Solder na Jagora (TS):260°C na daƙiƙa 5 matsakaici, an ƙayyade don jagororin 1.6mm daga akwati. Wannan yana da mahimmanci ga hanyoyin solder na igiyar ruwa ko sake kwarara.
2.2 Halayen Lantarki da Na Gani
An ƙayyade waɗannan ma'auni a yanayin zafin yanayi (TA) na 25°C kuma suna ayyana aikin na'urar a ƙarƙashin yanayin aiki na yau da kullun.
- Ƙarfin Lantarki na Gaba na LED (VF):Yawanci 1.2V zuwa 1.6V a IF= 20 mA. Ana amfani da wannan don ƙididdige ƙimar resistor mai iyakance halin yanzu da ake buƙata.
- Halin Yanzu na Juya Baya na LED (IR):Matsakaicin 100 µA a VR=5V, yana nuna halin yanzu na ɓarna lokacin da LED ke da karkatar da baya.
- Halin Yanzu na Duhu Mai Tara-Emitter (ICEO):Matsakaicin 100 nA a VCE=10V ba tare da shigar da haske ba. Wannan shine halin yanzu na ɓarna na fototransistor, wanda ke shafar matakin sigina na "kashe-state".
- Ƙarfin Lantarki na Cikakken Tare-Emitter (VCE(SAT)):Yawanci 0.4V a IC=0.05mA da IF=20mA. Wannan shine ƙarfin lantarki a kan transistor lokacin da yake cikakken "kunna", yana da mahimmanci don haɗin matakin dabaru.
3. Bayanin Tsarin Rarraba (Binning)
Na'urar tana da tsarin rarraba aiki dangane da Halin Yanzu na Tare a cikin Jihar Kunna (IC(ON)), wanda aka auna a ƙarƙashin daidaitattun yanayi (VCE=5V, IF=20mA, tazara d=3.0mm). Wannan halin yanzu yana da alaƙa kai tsaye da hankalin mai haɗawa.
- BIN A: IC(ON)kewayo daga 100 µA zuwa 300 µA. Wannan shine daidaitaccen matakin hankali.
- BIN B: IC(ON)kewayo daga 260 µA zuwa 650 µA. Wannan rukunin yana ba da mafi girman hankali.
- BIN C: IC(ON)kewayo daga 400 µA zuwa 1200 µA. Wannan shine mafi girman matakin hankali da ake samu.
Wannan rarrabuwa yana ba masu zane damar zaɓar na'urar tare da daidaitaccen hankali don aikace-aikacen su, yana tabbatar da ingantattun ƙofofin faɗakarwa a cikin rukunin samarwa.
4. Bincike na Lankwasa Ayyuka
Bayanin bayanin yana nuni zuwa lankwasan halaye na yau da kullun waɗanda ke ba da haske mai hoto game da halayen na'urar a ƙarƙashin yanayi daban-daban. Duk da yake ba a ƙididdige takamaiman jadawali a cikin rubutun ba, daidaitattun lankwasai don irin wannan na'urar yawanci za su haɗa da:
- Halin Yanzu na Gaba vs. Ƙarfin Lantarki na Gaba (IF-VF):Yana nuna alaƙar da ba ta layi ba don LED na infrared, mai mahimmanci don zanen da'irar direba.
- Halin Yanzu Mai Tara vs. Ƙarfin Lantarki Mai Tara-Emitter (IC-VCE):Iyalin lankwasai tare da halin yanzu na gaba na LED (IF) a matsayin ma'auni, yana kwatanta halayen fitarwa na fototransistor.
- Halin Yanzu na Tare a cikin Jihar Kunna vs. Halin Yanzu na Gaba (IC(ON)-IF):Yana nuna halayen canja wuri da layi na haɗin gani.
- Halin Yanzu na Tare a cikin Jihar Kunna vs. Yanayin Yanayi (IC(ON)-TA):Yana nuna yadda hankali ke raguwa tare da haɓakar zafin jiki, wani muhimmin abu ne don sarrafa zafi a cikin zane.
- Halayen Lokacin Amsa:Bayanin bayanin ya ƙayyade Lokacin Tashi (TR) na 3-15 µs da Lokacin Faɗuwa (TF) na 4-20 µs a ƙarƙashin yanayin gwaji (VCE=5V, IC=2mA, RL=100Ω). Waɗannan ƙimomi suna ayyana matsakaicin iyawar saurin sauyawa na firikwensin.
5. Bayanin Injiniya da Kunshin
Kunshin shine nau'in rami ta hanyar gama gari. Muhimman bayanan girma daga bayanin bayanin sun haɗa da:
- An ba da duk ma'auni a cikin milimita, tare da inci a cikin baka.
- Tolerance na tsoho shine ±0.25mm (±0.010") sai dai idan wani siffa na musamman yana da kiran daban.
- An ƙayyade nisa mai tsayi (madaidaicin tazara tsakanin fitilun fitarwa da na'urar ganowa don matsakaicin hankali) a matsayin 3 mm.
- Kunshin ya haɗa da ramukan da aka yi da su ko fasali waɗanda ke taimakawa wajen daidaita daidaitaccen hawan PCB da daidaitawa.
- An yiwa polarity alama a sarari a jikin kunshin, yawanci tare da dige ko kusurwar da aka yanka kusa da LED anode (ko fototransistor mai tara) fil. Daidaitaccen alkibla yana da mahimmanci don aikin da'ira.
6. Jagororin Solder da Haɗawa
Ana buƙatar kulawa mai kyau don kiyaye ingancin na'urar.
- Solder:Matsakaicin matsakaicin matsakaicin zazzabin solder na jagora shine 260°C na daƙiƙa 5, wanda aka auna 1.6mm (0.063") daga akwatin filastik. Wannan jagora yana taimakawa wajen hana lalacewar zafi ga haɗin mutuwa na ciki da kuma rufaffiyar filastik yayin solder na igiyar ruwa ko na hannu.
- Tsaftacewa:Yi amfani da kaushi na tsaftace PCB na yau da kullun waɗanda suka dace da kayan filastik na na'urar. Guji tsaftacewa ta ultrasonic tare da wutar lantarki mai yawa ko tsawaita bayyanawa.
- Ajiya:Ya kamata a adana na'urori a cikin yanayi a cikin Kewayon Zazzabin Ajiya (Tstg) na -40°C zuwa +100°C kuma a cikin yanayi mai ƙarancin zafi, yanayin hana tashin hankali don hana ɗaukar danshi da lalacewar fitar da tashin hankali (ESD).
7. Shawarwari na Aikace-aikace
7.1 Yanayin Aikace-aikace na Yau da Kullun
Kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin bayanin bayanin, aikace-aikacen farko sun haɗa da:
- Firintoci & Na'urorin Fax:Don gano fitar da takarda, gano matsi na takarda, gano buɗe murfi, da gano matsayin abin hawa.
- Maɓallan Gani:Ana amfani da su a cikin injinan sayar da kaya, sarrafa kai don masana'antu don ƙidaya, iyakance sauyawa, da gano faifan lambar juyawa.
- Kayan Lantarki na Mabukaci:Firikwensin ramin cakuda a cikin na'urorin faifai, kaset, ko wasu tsarin sarrafa kafofin watsa labarai.
7.2 Abubuwan da Ya Kamata a Yi la'akari da su a Zane
- Resistor Mai Iyakance Halin Yanzu (don LED):Dole ne a ƙididdige shi bisa ƙarfin lantarki mai wadata (VCC), ƙarfin lantarki na gaba na LED (VF~1.4V typ.), da kuma halin yanzu na gaba da ake so (IF). Kada ku wuce ci gaba da IFrating na 60 mA. Matsakaicin wurin aiki na yau da kullun shine 20 mA.
- Resistor na Kaya (don Fototransistor):Ƙimar resistor na ja sama (RL) da aka haɗa zuwa mai tara yana ƙayyade girman girman fitarwa kuma yana shafar saurin sauyawa. Karamin RLyana ba da saurin faɗuwa amma yana rage girman fitarwa. Yanayin gwaji yana amfani da RL=100Ω.
- Kariya daga Hayaniyar Lantarki:Don dogon zango na waya ko yanayi mai hayaniya, yi la'akari da ƙara ƙaramin capacitor na wucewa (misali, 0.1µF) a kan filayen wutar lantarki kusa da na'urar da kuma amfani da igiyoyin sulke.
- Abubuwan da Ya Kamata a Yi la'akari da su na Gani:Ka kiyaye hanyar gani (tazarar 3mm) ba tare da ƙura, datti, ko hazo ba. Tace yanke infrared yana taimakawa, amma tushen infrared na yanayi mai ƙarfi (kamar hasken rana ko kwan fitila) kusa da firikwensin na iya haifar da faɗakarwa na ƙarya.
8. Kwatancen Fasaha da Bambance-bambance
Idan aka kwatanta da fototransistor na asali ko photodiodes, wannan haɗaɗɗen photointerrupter yana ba da mahimman fa'idodi:
- Daidaitaccen Gani:An daidaita mai fitarwa da mai ganowa a cikin ƙayyadaddun kunshin, wanda ke kawar da buƙatar daidaitaccen daidaitawar injiniya yayin haɗawa, wanda ke da babbar fa'ida fiye da ɓangarorin daban-daban.
- Ingantacciyar Tazara:Nisa mai tsayi na 3mm an saita shi da masana'anta don mafi girman hankali a wannan tazara ta musamman.
- Ƙin Hasken Yanayi:Tace yanke infrared akan fototransistor yana rage hankali ga hasken gani sosai, yana inganta rabon sigina zuwa amo a cikin yanayin hasken cikin gida na yau da kullun.
- Siffar Siffa Mai Ƙarfi:Yana ba da cikakkiyar hanyar warwarewar sauyawar gani a cikin ƙaramin kunshin guda ɗaya.
9. Tambayoyin da Ake Yawan Yi (FAQs)
Q: Menene manufar rukunoni daban-daban (A, B, C)?
A: Rukunoni suna rarraba na'urori ta hankalin su (IC(ON)). Zaɓi mafi girman rukunin (B ko C) don aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar gano abubuwan da ba su da bambanci, dogon rayuwa (kamar yadda fitowar LED ke raguwa akan lokaci), ko aiki tare da matakan ƙura mafi girma. Bin A ya isa don daidaitattun aikace-aikace.
Q: Zan iya tuƙi LED tare da tushen ƙarfin lantarki kai tsaye?
A: A'a. LED na'urar da aka tuƙa halin yanzu ce. Dole ne ku yi amfani da resistor mai iyakance halin yanzu na jerin don saita halin yanzu na gaba (IF) zuwa ƙima mai aminci kuma mai daidaito, kamar yadda aka nuna a duk da'irorin aikace-aikace.
Q: Ta yaya zan haɗa fitarwa tare da microcontroller?
A: Fototransistor yana aiki azaman maɓalli. Haɗa emitter ɗinsa zuwa ƙasa, mai taronsa zuwa filin shigarwar lambobi ta hanyar resistor na ja sama (misali, 10kΩ). Lokacin da katako ba a katse shi ba, transistor yana kunne, yana jan filin ƙasa. Lokacin da aka katse shi, transistor yana kashewa, kuma resistor na ja sama yana jan filin sama. Tabbatar da matakan dabaru na shigarwar microcontroller sun dace da girman fitarwa (kusa da 0V don "kunna", kusa da VCCdon "kashe").
Q: Menene ke shafar lokacin amsawa?
A> Saurin asali na fototransistor, ƙimar resistor na kaya (RL), da ƙarfin da'irar da'irar. Don saurin sauyawa mafi sauri, yi amfani da ƙaramin RLkamar yadda halin yanzu da matakan ƙarfin lantarki da ake so suka yarda.
10. Misalin Amfani na Aiki
Yanayi: Firikwensin Fitowar Takarda a cikin Firinta na Desktop.
An ɗora photointerrupter akan firam ɗin firinta ta yadda tarin takarda a cikin tire ya kasance a cikin tazarar gani na 3mm, yana toshe katakon infrared. Ana iya amfani da lever ko tuta da aka haɗa da mai bin tire na takarda. Lokacin da takarda ta kasance, an toshe katako, fototransistor yana kashewa, kuma fitarwarsa tana da girma. Lokacin da aka ciyar da takarda ta ƙarshe, mai bin ya motsa, yana buɗe katako. Fototransistor yana kunna, yana jan fitarwa ƙasa. Babban mai sarrafa firinta yana gano wannan canjin dabaru, wanda sai ya kunna gargadin "Takarda Ta fita" akan mu'amalar mai amfani. Tace yanke infrared yana hana faɗakarwa na ƙarya daga hasken ciki na firinta ko fitilun ɗaki.
11. Ka'idar Aiki
Na'urar tana aiki akan ka'idar haɗin gani mai daidaitawa. LED na infrared na ciki yana fitar da haske lokacin da aka yi masa karkatar da gaba tare da halin yanzu da ya dace. Kai tsaye akasin haka, a cikin kunshin ɗaya, akwai fototransistor na silicon NPN. Yankin tushe na fototransistor yana fallasa ga haske. Lokacin da photons na infrared daga LED suka bugi haɗin tushe-mai tara, suna haifar da nau'ikan electron-ramuwa. Wannan halin yanzu na hoto yana aiki azaman halin yanzu na tushe, yana sa transistor ya gudanar da mafi girman halin yanzu na tara (IC), daidai da ƙarfin haske. Wani abu da ke wucewa ta cikin ramin 3mm tsakanin su yana katse wannan katakon haske, yana sa fototransistor ya kashe. Wannan yana ba da tsaftataccen sigina na sauyawa mai keɓancewar lantarki bisa ga wani abu na zahiri.
12. Trends na Fasaha
Photointerrupters sun kasance mahimman abubuwan haɗin gwiwa a cikin gano matsayi. Trends na yanzu a fagen sun haɗa da:
- Ƙananan Girma:Haɓaka ƙananan ƙananan kunshin na'urar hawa saman (SMD) don adana sararin PCB a cikin ƙananan kayan lantarki na mabukaci.
- Haɗin kai:Haɗa ƙarin da'ira akan guntu, kamar masu faɗakarwa na Schmitt don hysteresis, masu haɓakawa don raunana sigina, ko ma hanyoyin sadarwa na lambobi (I2C) don samar da tsaftataccen fitarwa na lambobi da aka sarrafa, yana sauƙaƙe mu'amalar microcontroller.
- Ingantaccen Aiki:Ingantattun ingancin LED da hankalin mai ganowa suna ba da damar aiki a ƙananan halin yanzu, yana rage amfani da wutar lantarki da samar da zafi.
- Bambance-bambancen Musamman:Na'urori tare da ƙafafun rami don lambar juyawa, ko nau'ikan nunawa inda mai fitarwa da mai ganowa suka fuskanci alkibla ɗaya don gano alamun nunawa.
Ka'idar asali na katsewar gani ta kasance mai ƙarfi saboda yanayin da ba ta taɓawa ba, amincin, da sauƙi, yana tabbatar da ci gaba da dacewarsa a cikin ƙirar tsarin mechatronic.
Kalmomin Ƙayyadaddun LED
Cikakken bayanin kalmomin fasaha na LED
Aikin Hasken Wutar Lantarki
| Kalma | Naúrar/Wakilci | Bayanin Sauri | Me yasa yake da muhimmanci |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ingancin Hasken Wuta | lm/W (lumen kowace watt) | Fitowar haske kowace watt na wutar lantarki, mafi girma yana nufin mafi ingancin kuzari. | Kai tsaye yana ƙayyade matakin ingancin kuzari da farashin wutar lantarki. |
| Gudun Hasken Wuta | lm (lumen) | Jimillar hasken da tushe ke fitarwa, ana kiransa "haske". | Yana ƙayyade ko hasken yana da haske sosai. |
| Kusurwar Dubawa | ° (digiri), misali 120° | Kusurwar da ƙarfin haske ya ragu zuwa rabi, yana ƙayyade faɗin haske. | Yana shafar kewar haskakawa da daidaito. |
| Zafin Launi (CCT) | K (Kelvin), misali 2700K/6500K | Zafi/sanyin haske, ƙananan ƙimomi rawaya/zafi, mafi girma fari/sanyi. | Yana ƙayyade yanayin haskakawa da yanayin da suka dace. |
| CI / Ra | Ba naúrar, 0–100 | Ikon ba da launukan abubuwa daidai, Ra≥80 yana da kyau. | Yana shafar sahihancin launi, ana amfani dashi a wurare masu buƙatu kamar shaguna, gidajen tarihi. |
| SDCM | Matakan ellipse MacAdam, misali "5-mataki" | Ma'aunin daidaiton launi, ƙananan matakai suna nufin mafi daidaiton launi. | Yana tabbatar da daidaiton launi a cikin rukunin LED iri ɗaya. |
| Matsakaicin Tsawon Raɗaɗin Hasken | nm (nanomita), misali 620nm (ja) | Tsawon raɗaɗin haske daidai da launin LED masu launi. | Yana ƙayyade launin ja, rawaya, kore LED masu launi ɗaya. |
| Rarraba Bakan Hasken | Layin tsawon raɗaɗi da ƙarfi | Yana nuna rarraba ƙarfi a cikin tsawon raɗaɗin haske. | Yana shafar ba da launi da ingancin launi. |
Ma'auni na Lantarki
| Kalma | Alamar | Bayanin Sauri | Abubuwan ƙira |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ƙarfin lantarki na gaba | Vf | Mafi ƙarancin ƙarfin lantarki don kunna LED, kamar "maƙallan farawa". | Ƙarfin lantarki na injin dole ya zama ≥Vf, ƙarfin lantarki yana ƙara don LED a jere. |
| Ƙarfin lantarki na gaba | If | Ƙimar ƙarfin lantarki don aikin LED na yau da kullun. | Yawanci tuƙi mai ƙarfi akai-akai, ƙarfin lantarki yana ƙayyade haske da tsawon rai. |
| Matsakaicin Ƙarfin lantarki na bugun jini | Ifp | Matsakaicin ƙarfin lantarki mai jurewa na ɗan lokaci, ana amfani dashi don duhu ko walƙiya. | Fadin bugun jini da sake zagayowar aiki dole ne a sarrafa su sosai don guje wa lalacewa. |
| Ƙarfin lantarki na baya | Vr | Matsakaicin ƙarfin lantarki na baya da LED zai iya jurewa, wanda ya wuce zai iya haifar da rushewa. | Dangane dole ne ya hana haɗin baya ko ƙarfin lantarki. |
| Juriya na zafi | Rth (°C/W) | Juriya ga canja wurin zafi daga guntu zuwa solder, ƙasa yana da kyau. | Babban juriya na zafi yana buƙatar zubar da zafi mai ƙarfi. |
| Rigakafin ESD | V (HBM), misali 1000V | Ikon jurewa zubar da wutar lantarki, mafi girma yana nufin ƙasa mai rauni. | Ana buƙatar matakan hana wutar lantarki a cikin samarwa, musamman ga LED masu hankali. |
Gudanar da Zafi & Amincewa
| Kalma | Ma'aunin maɓalli | Bayanin Sauri | Tasiri |
|---|---|---|---|
| Zazzabin Haɗin gwiwa | Tj (°C) | Ainihin yanayin aiki a cikin guntun LED. | Kowane raguwa 10°C na iya ninka tsawon rai; yayi yawa yana haifar da lalacewar haske, canjin launi. |
| Ragewar Lumen | L70 / L80 (sa'o'i) | Lokacin da haske ya ragu zuwa 70% ko 80% na farko. | Kai tsaye yana ayyana "tsawon sabis" na LED. |
| Kula da Lumen | % (misali 70%) | Kashi na hasken da aka riƙe bayan lokaci. | Yana nuna riƙon haske akan amfani na dogon lokaci. |
| Canjin Launi | Δu′v′ ko ellipse MacAdam | Matsakaicin canjin launi yayin amfani. | Yana shafar daidaiton launi a cikin yanayin haskakawa. |
| Tsufa na Zafi | Lalacewar kayan aiki | Lalacewa saboda yanayin zafi na dogon lokaci. | Zai iya haifar da raguwar haske, canjin launi, ko gazawar buɗe kewaye. |
Tufafi & Kayan Aiki
| Kalma | Nau'ikan gama gari | Bayanin Sauri | Siffofi & Aikace-aikace |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nau'in Kunshin | EMC, PPA, Yumbu | Kayan gida masu kare guntu, samar da hanyar sadarwa ta gani/zafi. | EMC: juriya mai kyau na zafi, farashi mai rahusa; Yumbu: mafi kyawun zubar da zafi, tsawon rai. |
| Tsarin Guntu | Gaba, Guntu Juyawa | Tsarin na'urorin lantarki na guntu. | Juyawar guntu: mafi kyawun zubar da zafi, inganci mafi girma, don ƙarfi mai ƙarfi. |
| Rufin Phosphor | YAG, Silicate, Nitride | Yana rufe guntu shuɗi, yana canza wasu zuwa rawaya/ja, yana haɗa su zuwa fari. | Phosphor daban-daban suna shafar inganci, CCT, da CRI. |
| Ruwan tabarau/Optics | Lefi, Microlens, TIR | Tsarin gani a saman yana sarrafa rarraba haske. | Yana ƙayyade kusurwar dubawa da layin rarraba haske. |
Kula da Inganci & Rarraba
| Kalma | Abun rarraba | Bayanin Sauri | Manufa |
|---|---|---|---|
| Kwalin Gudun Hasken | Lambar misali 2G, 2H | An tattara su ta hanyar haske, kowace ƙungiya tana da ƙananan/matsakaicin ƙimar lumen. | Yana tabbatar da daidaiton haske a cikin jeri ɗaya. |
| Kwalin Ƙarfin lantarki | Lambar misali 6W, 6X | An tattara su ta hanyar kewayon ƙarfin lantarki na gaba. | Yana sauƙaƙe daidaitawar tuƙi, yana inganta ingancin tsarin. |
| Kwalin Launi | Ellipse MacAdam 5-mataki | An tattara su ta hanyar daidaitattun launi, yana tabbatar da ƙuntataccen kewayon. | Yana ba da garantin daidaiton launi, yana guje wa launi mara daidaituwa a cikin kayan aikin. |
| Kwalin CCT | 2700K, 3000K da sauransu | An tattara su ta hanyar CCT, kowanne yana da madaidaicin kewayon daidaitawa. | Yana cika buƙatun CCT na yanayi daban-daban. |
Gwaji & Takaddun Shaida
| Kalma | Matsakaicin/Gwaji | Bayanin Sauri | Muhimmanci |
|---|---|---|---|
| LM-80 | Gwajin kula da lumen | Haskakawa na dogon lokaci a yanayin zafi akai-akai, yana rikodin lalacewar haske. | Ana amfani dashi don kimanta rayuwar LED (tare da TM-21). |
| TM-21 | Matsakaicin kimanta rayuwa | Yana kimanta rayuwa a ƙarƙashin yanayi na ainihi bisa bayanan LM-80. | Yana ba da hasashen kimiyya na rayuwa. |
| IESNA | Ƙungiyar Injiniyoyin Haskakawa | Yana rufe hanyoyin gwajin gani, lantarki, zafi. | Tushen gwaji da masana'antu suka amince. |
| RoHS / REACH | Tabbatarwar muhalli | Yana tabbatar da babu abubuwa masu cutarwa (darma, mercury). | Bukatar shiga kasuwa a duniya. |
| ENERGY STAR / DLC | Tabbatarwar ingancin kuzari | Tabbatarwar ingancin kuzari da aiki don samfuran haskakawa. | Ana amfani dashi a cikin sayayyan gwamnati, shirye-shiryen tallafi, yana haɓaka gasa. |