LTH-301-23P1 Photointerrupter Datasheet - Girman 7.62mm - Ƙarfin Wutar Lantarki 1.6V - Ƙarfi 60mW - Takardun Fasaha na Hausa

1. Bayanin Samfur

LTH-301-23P1 ƙaramin tsari ne na photointerrupter da aka hawa ta hanyar rami. Yana aiki azaman maɓalli na gani ba tare da taɓawa ba, yana amfani da diode mai haskaka infrared (IR LED) wanda aka haɗa da phototransistor. Babban ka'idar ta ƙunshi IR LED yana fitar da haske, wanda phototransistor ke gano shi. Lokacin da wani abu ya katse hanyar haske tsakanin mai fitarwa da mai gano, yanayin fitarwa na phototransistor yana canzawa, yana ba da damar daidaitaccen gano matsayi, gano abu, ko sauyawa iyaka ba tare da taɓawar jiki ba. Babban fa'idodinsa sun haɗa da saurin sauyawa, aiki mai dogaro ba tare da taɓawa ba, da ƙira mai dacewa don hawan PCB kai tsaye ko soket na biyu-a-layin, yana mai da shi kyakkyawan zaɓi don aikace-aikace a cikin na'urorin bugawa, na'urori, injinan sayar da kaya, da sarrafa masana'antu inda ake buƙatar ƙarfi da daidaito.

2. Bincike Mai zurfi na Sigogi na Fasaha

2.1 Matsakaicin Matsakaicin Matsakaici

Waɗannan ƙididdiga suna ayyana iyakokin da za su iya haifar da lalacewa na dindindin ga na'urar. Ba a ba da shawarar sarrafa na'urar akai-akai a ko kusa da waɗannan iyakokin ba.

• IR Diode Ci gaba da Ci gaba na Yanzu (I_F):50 mA. Wannan shine matsakaicin yanayin yanzu na tsayayye wanda za'a iya wucewa ta hanyar LED infrared.
• IR Diode Reverse Voltage (V_R):5 V. Wuce wannan ƙarfin lantarki na baya a kan LED na iya haifar da rushewa.
• Transistor Collector Current (I_C):20 mA. Matsakaicin ci gaba da yanzu da mai tattara phototransistor zai iya ɗauka.
• Transistor Power Dissipation (P_D):75 mW a 25°C, ana ragewa a layi a 1.33 mW/°C sama da 25°C. Wannan yana iyakance zafin da aka samar a cikin phototransistor.
• IR Diode Peak Forward Current:1 A (faɗin bugun jini = 10 µs, 300 pps). Yana ba da damar ɗan gajeren lokaci, manyan bugun jini na yanzu don aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar babban fitarwa na gani na nan take.
• Diode Power Dissipation (P_D):60 mW a 25°C, kuma an rage shi a 1.33 mW/°C. Wannan yana sarrafa iyakokin zafin jiki na IR LED.
• Phototransistor Collector-Emitter Voltage (V_CEO):30 V. Matsakaicin ƙarfin lantarki da za'a iya amfani da shi tsakanin mai tattara da mai fitarwa lokacin da transistor ya kashe.
• Phototransistor Emitter-Collector Voltage (V_ECO):5 V. Matsakaicin ƙarfin lantarki na baya a kan haɗin gwiwar mai tattara-mai fitarwa.
• Kewayon Zazzabi na Aiki:-25°C zuwa +85°C. Kewayon yanayin yanayi don aikin na'urar mai dogaro.
• Kewayon Zazzabi na Ajiya:-55°C zuwa +100°C. Kewayon zafin jiki don ajiyar da ba ta aiki ba.
• Zazzabin Solder na Jagora:260°C na dakika 5 a nisan 1.6mm daga akwati. Yana ayyana bayanin martaba na sake kunnawa ko solder na hannu don hana lalacewar kunshin.

2.2 Halaye na Wutar Lantarki & Na Gani

Ana auna waɗannan sigogi a ƙarƙashin daidaitattun yanayin gwaji (T_A= 25°C) kuma suna ayyana aikin na'urar na al'ada.

2.2.1 Halayen LED na Shigarwa

• Ƙarfin Lantarki na Gaba (V_F):Yawanci 1.2V zuwa 1.6V a I_F= 20 mA. Wannan shine faɗuwar ƙarfin lantarki a kan IR LED lokacin da aka tuƙa shi da daidaitaccen yanayin gwaji na yanzu. Dole ne a ƙididdige resistor mai iyakance yanzu bisa wannan ƙima da ƙarfin wutar lantarki.
• Reverse Current (I_R):Matsakaicin 100 µA a V_R= 5V. Wannan shine ƙaramin yanzu na ɓarna lokacin da LED ke baya-baya.

2.2.2 Halayen Phototransistor na Fitarwa

• Collector-Emitter Breakdown Voltage (V_(BR)CEO):Mafi ƙarancin 30V a I_C= 1mA. Wannan babban ƙarfin lantarki na rushewa yana ba da damar amfani da manyan ƙarfin wutar lantarki a cikin da'irar mai tattara.
• Emitter-Collector Breakdown Voltage (V_(BR)ECO):Mafi ƙarancin 5V a I_E= 100µA.
• Collector-Emitter Dark Current (I_CEO):Matsakaicin 100 nA a V_CE= 10V. Wannan shine yanzu na ɓarna lokacin da phototransistor yana cikin duhu gaba ɗaya (babu hasken IR). Ƙimar ƙasa tana da mahimmanci don kyakkyawan rabo na sigina zuwa amo a aikace-aikacen gano.

2.2.3 Halayen Haɗaɗɗiyar Na'ura (Cikakken Na'ura)

• Collector-Emitter Saturation Voltage (V_CE(SAT)):Matsakaicin 0.4V a I_C= 0.2mA da I_F= 20mA. Wannan shine ƙarfin lantarki a kan phototransistor lokacin da yake cikakken "kunne" (cikakke). Ƙimar ƙasa ta fi kyau yayin da take rage asarar wutar lantarki.
• On-State Collector Current (I_C(ON)):Mafi ƙarancin 0.4 mA a V_CE= 5V da I_F= 20mA. Wannan yana ƙayyade mafi ƙarancin photocurrent da aka samar lokacin da aka tuƙa IR LED kuma hanyar haske ba ta da cikas. Wannan sigogi yana da alaƙa kai tsaye da hankalin na'urar.
• Rise Time (T_r):Na al'ada 25 µs a ƙarƙashin yanayin gwaji (I_C=2mA, R_L=1kΩ, V_CE=5V). Wannan shine lokacin da fitarwa na phototransistor zai canza daga 10% zuwa 90% na ƙimar sa ta ƙarshe lokacin da aka kunna IR LED.
• Fall Time (T_f):Na al'ada 26 µs a ƙarƙashin irin wannan yanayin. Wannan shine lokacin canzawa lokacin da aka kashe IR LED. Waɗannan lokutan sauyawa suna ayyana matsakaicin mitar da na'urar za ta iya aiki da dogaro.

3. Bayanin Injiniya & Kunshin

3.1 Girman Kunshin

An sanya na'urar a cikin daidaitaccen kunshin layi biyu mai ƙafafu 4. Muhimman bayanan girma daga takardar bayanan sun haɗa da:

• Ana ba da duk girma a cikin milimita, tare da inci a cikin baka.
• Matsakaicin haƙuri shine ±0.25mm (±0.010") sai dai idan takamaiman bayanin fasali ya faɗi akasin haka.
• Faɗin jiki yana kusan 7.62mm, kuma tazarar fil ɗin tana bin daidaitaccen tsarin grid na inci 0.1 (2.54mm) don hawan PCB ta hanyar rami.

An ƙera kunshin don kunnawa igiyar ruwa ko hanyoyin solder na hannu. Zanen girma a cikin takardar bayanan yana ba da ma'auni mai mahimmanci don ƙirar sawun PCB, gami da diamita na jagora, tazarar fil (tsakanin layuka da ginshiƙai), tsayin jiki da faɗi, da faɗin ramin ramin wanda ke ayyana buɗaɗɗen gani.

3.2 Pinout da Gano Polarity

Na'urar tana da ƙafafu huɗu. Yawanci, ƙafafu biyu suna don anode da cathode na IR LED, sauran biyun kuma suna don mai tattara da mai fitarwa na phototransistor. Zanen takardar bayanan yana nuna fil 1, wanda yake da mahimmanci don daidaitaccen fuskantarwa. IR LED na'ura ce da aka tuƙa anode, kuma phototransistor nau'in NPN ne inda ya kamata a haɗa mai tattara zuwa wadataccen wutar lantarki ta hanyar resistor na kaya, kuma mai fitarwa zuwa ƙasa. Haɗin da bai dace ba zuwa LED zai hana shi fitar da haske, kuma haɗin da bai dace ba zuwa phototransistor zai haifar da babu siginar fitarwa.

4. Jagororin Solder & Taro

Takardar bayanan ta ƙayyade mahimmin sigogi na solder: ana iya sanya jagororin zuwa zazzabi na 260°C na iyakar dakika 5, ana auna shi a nisan 1.6mm (0.063") daga akwatin filastik. Wannan jagora tana da mahimmanci don hana lalacewar zafi ga die na semiconductor na ciki da kayan kunshin filastik yayin ayyukan kunnawa igiyar ruwa ko solder na hannu. Don sake kunnawa solder, ya kamata a yi amfani da daidaitaccen bayanin martaba tare da matsakaicin zazzabi wanda bai wuce 260°C ba kuma lokacin da ya wuce ruwa (TAL) ya sarrafa. Yana da kyau a bi ma'auni na JEDEC ko IPC don solder na abubuwan rami.

5. Shawarwarin Aikace-aikace

5.1 Da'irorin Aikace-aikace na Al'ada

Mafi yawan tsarin da'ira ya ƙunshi tuƙa IR LED tare da tushen yanzu na dindindin ko, mafi sauƙi, tushen ƙarfin lantarki a cikin jerin tare da resistor mai iyakance yanzu (R_limit). R_limit= (V_CC- V_F) / I_F. Don wadataccen wutar lantarki 5V da I_Fna 20mA, tare da V_F= 1.4V, R_limit= (5 - 1.4) / 0.02 = 180 Ω. Ana haɗa fitarwa na phototransistor yawanci azaman maɓalli: ana haɗa mai tattara zuwa V_CCta hanyar resistor na ja sama (R_load), kuma ana haɗa mai fitarwa zuwa ƙasa. Ana ɗaukar siginar fitarwa daga kumburin mai tattara. Lokacin da haske ya faɗi akan transistor, yana kunna, yana ja ƙarfin lantarki mai tattara ƙasa (kusa da V_CE(SAT)). Lokacin da aka toshe hanyar haske, transistor yana kashewa, kuma ƙarfin lantarki mai tattara yana ja sama zuwa V_CCta R_load. Ƙimar R_loadyana shafar saurin sauyawa da amfani da yanzu; ƙaramin resistor yana ba da saurin sauyawa amma mafi girman ɓarnawar wutar lantarki a cikin yanayin 'kunne'.

5.2 Abubuwan Tunani na Ƙira

• Kariya daga Hasken Yanayi:Tun da na'urar tana amfani da hasken infrared, tana da ɗan kariya daga hasken yanayi da ake iya gani. Duk da haka, manyan tushen hasken IR (misali, hasken rana, ƙwan fitila) na iya haifar da faɗuwar ƙarya. Yin amfani da siginar IR da aka daidaita da ganowa na aiki tare zai iya inganta kariya sosai.
• Daidaitawa:Daidaitaccen daidaitawar injiniya tsakanin ramukan mai fitarwa da mai gano yana da mahimmanci don matsakaicin ƙarfin sigina. Sawun PCB da hawa ya kamata su tabbatar da wannan daidaitawar.
• Halayen Abu:Abun da ke katse katako ya kamata ya zama marar ganuwa ga tsayin raƙuman IR da aka yi amfani da shi. Abubuwa masu haske ko masu wucewa na iya zama ba su da dogaro don kunna firikwensin.
• Bukatun Gudu:Lokutan tashi da faɗuwa (~25 µs) suna iyakance matsakaicin mitar sauyawa zuwa kusan 1/(Tr+Tf) ≈ 20 kHz don murabba'in igiyar ruwa, kodayake iyakokin aiki suna ƙasa don tabbatar da cikakken canji.

6. Bincike na Lanƙwasa Aiki

Takardar bayanan tana nufin wani sashe don "Da'irorin Halaye na Wutar Lantarki / Na Gani na Al'ada." Waɗannan jadawali, waɗanda galibi ake haɗa su a cikin irin waɗannan takardu, suna ba da hotunan yadda mahimman sigogi ke bambanta da yanayi. Ana tsammanin lanƙwasa sun haɗa da:

• Forward Current vs. Forward Voltage (I_F-V_F):Yana nuna alaƙar ma'auni don IR LED, yana taimakawa wajen tantance V_Fa yanzu banda yanayin gwaji.
• Collector Current vs. Collector-Emitter Voltage (I_C-V_CE):Iyalin lanƙwasa don phototransistor tare da ƙarfin hasken da ya faru (ko tuƙi na LED) azaman siga, yana nuna yankunan jikewa da aiki.
• Matsakaicin Canja wurin Yanzu (CTR) vs. Forward Current:CTR = (I_C/ I_F) * 100%. Wannan jadawalin yana nuna ingancin haɗin gani, wanda yawanci yana raguwa a I_F.
• On-State Collector Current vs. Temperature (I_C(ON)-T_A):Yana kwatanta yadda hankalin phototransistor ke canzawa tare da zafin yanayi, yawanci yana nuna raguwa a yanayin zafi.
• Dark Current vs. Temperature (I_CEO-T_A):Yana nuna haɓakar yanzu na ɓarna tare da zazzabi, wanda ke da mahimmanci don aiki mai zafi.

Binciken waɗannan lanƙwasa yana ba masu ƙira damar inganta wuraren aiki, fahimtar cinikin aiki a duk faɗin zazzabi, da kuma hasashen hali a ƙarƙashin yanayin da ba na daidaitattun ba.

7. Kwatancen Fasaha & Bambanci

Idan aka kwatanta da maɓallan micro-switch na injiniya, LTH-301-23P1 yana ba da fa'idodi daban-daban: babu tashi taɓawa, tsawon rayuwar aiki (miliyoyin vs. dubunnan zagayowar), kariya daga gurɓata daga ƙura ko mai (kamar yadda yake kunshin da aka rufe), da saurin sauyawa. Idan aka kwatanta da firikwensin gani masu nuni, masu katse hoto masu watsawa kamar wannan suna ba da gano madaidaici da dogaro yayin da ba su da hankali ga launi ko haske na abin da aka yi niyya; kawai suna gano kasancewar ko rashin wani abu a cikin ramin. Babban abin da ya bambanta ga wannan takamaiman sashi shine daidaiton sa na daidaitaccen kunshin rami, ƙaƙƙarfan ƙididdiga na wutar lantarki (30V V_CEO, 50mA I_F), da ƙayyadaddun saurin sauyawa, yana mai da shi zaɓi na gabaɗaya mai fa'ida.

8. Tambayoyin da ake yawan yi (FAQ)

Q: Menene matsakaicin nisan gano ko faɗin rami?

A: "Nisa" na gano shine a zahiri faɗin ramin da ke cikin kunshin. Dole ne abubuwa su wuce ta wannan ramin na jiki don katse katako. Zanen girma na takardar bayanan yana ba da daidai faɗin ramin.

Q: Zan iya tuƙa IR LED kai tsaye daga fil ɗin microcontroller?

A: Mai yiwuwa, amma dole ne ku duba ƙarfin samar da yanzu na fil ɗin. Filin MCU na al'ada zai iya samar da 20-25mA, wanda ya dace da yanayin gwaji. Duk da haka, Dole ne ku haɗa da resistor mai iyakance yanzu na jerin kamar yadda aka ƙididdige a cikin bayanan aikace-aikace. Tuƙa LED ba tare da resistor ba zai iya lalata duka LED da fil ɗin MCU.

Q: Ta yaya zan haɗa fitarwa na phototransistor zuwa microcontroller?

A: Mafi sauƙin hanya ita ce amfani da phototransistor azaman shigarwar lamba. Haɗa mai tattara zuwa fil ɗin I/O na lamba na MCU (wanda yawanci yana da resistor na ja sama na ciki wanda za'a iya kunna shi) kuma zuwa V_CCta hanyar resistor na ja sama na waje (misali, 10kΩ). Mai fitarwa yana haɗawa da ƙasa. Lokacin da katako ba ya karye, transistor yana kunna, yana ja fil ɗin ƙasa. Lokacin da ya karye, ana ja fil ɗin sama. Tabbatar da matakan shigarwar ƙarfin lantarki na MCU sun dace da V_CC used.

Q: Me ke shafar saurin sauyawa?

A> Haƙiƙanin lokutan tashi/faɗuwa na phototransistor (~25µs) shine babban iyaka. Duk da haka, abubuwan da'ira na iya rage shi ƙarin. Babban resistor na kaya (R_L) yana ƙara lokacin RC don caji/ɗaukar kowane ƙarfin parasitic, yana rage saurin tashi. Hakazalika, tuƙa IR LED tare da yanzu mai yawa na iya haifar da jinkirin kashewa saboda tasirin ajiyar mai ɗaukar hoto. Don matsakaicin gudu, yi amfani da I_Fda R_L.

9. Ka'idar Aiki

Photointerrupter na'urar gani ce mai watsawa. Ya ƙunshi abubuwa biyu daban-daban a cikin kunshi ɗaya: tushen hasken infrared (IR LED) da mai gano haske (phototransistor), suna fuskantar juna a kan ƙaramin ramin iska ko rami. IR LED yana da baya-baya tare da yanzu mai dacewa, yana sa shi fitar da photons na infrared. Waɗannan photons suna tafiya a kan ramin kuma suna buga yankin tushe na phototransistor na NPN. Ƙarfin photon yana haifar da nau'i-nau'i na electron-rami a cikin tushe, yana haifar da yanzu na tushe yadda ya kamata. Wannan yanzu na tushe da aka samar da hoto yana haɓaka ta hanyar ribar transistor, yana haifar da babban yanzu mai tattara wanda zai iya gudana daga mai tattara zuwa mai fitarwa, yana kunna transistor "kunne." Lokacin da aka shigar da wani abu marar ganuwa a cikin ramin, yana toshe hanyar haske. Samar da yanzu na tushe na hoto yana tsayawa, transistor ya daina zama mai baya-baya, kuma yanzu mai tattara ya faɗi zuwa ƙima mai ƙasa sosai (yanzu na duhu), yana kashe transistor "kashe." Wannan aikin kunne/kashe yana ba da siginar lamba mai tsabta daidai da kasancewar ko rashin wani abu.

10. Bayanin Kunshin da Oda

Lambar sashi ita ce LTH-301-23P1. Takardar bayanan ba ta ƙayyade cikakkun bayanan kunshin (misali, tef da reel, adadin bututu) ba. Don samarwa, ya kamata a tuntubi ƙayyadaddun kunshin na masana'anta ko mai rarrabawa. "Spec No." DS-55-96-0025 da lambar takarda BNS-OD-C131/A4 bayanan ciki ne don takardar bayanan kanta. Kwanan wata mai tasiri na wannan bita na takarda shine 08/03/2000.