LTH-301-19 Photointerrupter Takardar Bayani - Sauya Ba tare da Tuntuɓawa ba - Takardar Fasaha ta Hausa

1. Bayanin Samfur

LTH-301-19 ƙaramin na'ura ne na sauya ba tare da tuntuɓawa da aka ƙera don aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar ingantaccen gano abu ko gano matsayi. Yana aiki bisa ka'idar diode mai fitar da hasken infrared (IR LED) wanda aka haɗa da phototransistor. Lokacin da wani abu ya katse hasken infrared tsakanin mai fitarwa da na'urar gano, yanayin fitarwa na phototransistor yana canzawa, yana ba da siginar sauya. Wannan na'urar ta dace da hawa kai tsaye akan PCB ko amfani da soket na layi biyu, tana ba da mafita mai sauri da amintacce don aikace-aikacen masana'antu da na'urorin lantarki na mabukaci daban-daban.

2. Fassarar Ma'anar Ma'auni na Fasaha

2.1 Iyakar Ma'auni na Gabaɗaya

Waɗannan ma'auni suna ayyana iyakokin da za su iya haifar da lalacewa ta dindindin ga na'urar. Diode na IR na iya ɗaukar ci gaba na gaba na 60 mA da kuma ƙarfin lantarki na baya na 5 V. Ƙarfin lantarki na mai tattarawa na phototransistor yana iyakance zuwa 20 mA tare da ɓarnawar wutar lantarki na 100 mW. Ga diode na IR, ƙarfin lantarki na gaba na kololuwa na 1 A yana yiwuwa a ƙarƙashin yanayin bugun jini (faɗin bugun jini 10 μs, 300 pps). An ƙididdige na'urar don kewayon zafin aiki na -25°C zuwa +85°C da kuma kewayon ajiya na -40°C zuwa +100°C. Zafin solder na gubar bai kamata ya wuce 260°C na tsawon dakika 5 ba idan aka auna 1.6mm daga jiki.

2.2 Halayen Lantarki da Na'urar Haske

Wannan sashe yana cikakken bayyana aikin na'urar a ƙarƙashin yanayin aiki na yau da kullun a zazzabin muhalli na 25°C.

2.2.1 Halayen LED na Shigarwa

Ƙarfin lantarki na gaba (VF) na IR LED yawanci 1.6V ne a ƙarfin lantarki na gaba (IF) na 20mA, tare da matsakaicin 1.6V. Ƙarfin lantarki na baya (IR) matsakaicin 100 μA ne a ƙarfin lantarki na baya (VR) na 5V.

2.2.2 Halayen Phototransistor na Fitowa

Ƙarfin lantarki na rushewar mai tattarawa-mai fitarwa (V(BR)CEO) mafi ƙanƙanta 30V ne. Ƙarfin lantarki na rushewar mai fitarwa-mai tattarawa (V(BR)ECO) mafi ƙanƙanta 5V ne. Ƙarfin lantarki na duhu na mai tattarawa-mai fitarwa (ICEO) matsakaicin 100 nA ne a VCE=10V, yana nuna ƙarfin lantarki na yoyo lokacin da LED ya kashe.

2.2.3 Halayen Haɗin Na'ura

Ƙarfin lantarki na cikar mai tattarawa-mai fitarwa (VCE(SAT)) matsakaicin 0.4V ne lokacin da aka tuka phototransistor zuwa cikar (IC=70μA, IF=1.4mA). Ƙarfin lantarki na mai tattarawa a yanayin kunna (IC(ON)) yawanci 70 μA ne a VCE=3.3V da IF=1.4mA, kuma yana iya kaiwa 10 mA a VCE=5V da IF=20mA, yana nuna hankalin na'urar da ikon fitarwa a ƙarƙashin yanayin tuƙi daban-daban.

2.2.4 Lokacin Amsawa

An siffanta saurin sauya da lokacin tashi (tr) da lokacin faɗuwa (tf). Lokacin tashi na yau da kullun shine 3 μs (matsakaicin 15 μs), kuma lokacin faɗuwa na yau da kullun shine 4 μs (matsakaicin 20 μs), an auna shi a ƙarƙashin takamaiman yanayin gwaji (VCE=5V, Ic=2mA, RL=100Ω). Wannan yana ayyana ikon na'urar don gano sauri.

3. Bayanin Injiniya da Kayan Aiki

3.1 Girman Kayan Aiki

Na'urar tana da kayan aiki na rami ta hanyar ƙa'ida. Duk girmen an ƙayyade su a cikin milimita tare da juzu'in da aka tsara na ±0.25mm sai dai idan an lura da haka. An ba da cikakken zanen girma a cikin takardar bayanan, yana cikakken bayyana girman jiki, tazarar jagora, da gabaɗayan sawun ƙafa don shimfidar PCB.

3.2 Gano Ƙarshen Lantarki

Daidaituwar daidaitawa yana da mahimmanci. Takardar bayanan ta haɗa da zane wanda ke nuna alamar anode da cathode na IR LED da kuma mai tattarawa da mai fitarwa na phototransistor. Haɗa na'urar ba daidai ba zai iya haifar da rashin aiki ko lalacewa.

4. Binciken Zane-zanen Aiki

Takardar bayanan ta haɗa da madaidaicin zane-zanen halayen lantarki da na'urar haske, waɗanda aka tsara a zazzabin muhalli na 25°C sai dai idan an ƙayyade su. Waɗannan zane-zane suna da mahimmanci don fahimtar halayen na'urar fiye da ƙididdiga mafi ƙanƙanta, na yau da kullun, da matsakaicin ƙima.

4.1 Halayen Canja wuri

Zane-zane suna nuna alaƙa tsakanin ƙarfin lantarki na gaba na LED na shigarwa (IF) da ƙarfin lantarki na mai tattarawa na phototransistor na fitowa (IC) a ƙarfin lantarki na mai tattarawa-mai fitarwa daban-daban (VCE). Wannan yana nuna rabon canja wurin ƙarfin lantarki (CTR), ma'auni mai mahimmanci don riba.

4.2 Halayen Cikar Fitowa

Zane-zanen da ke nuna VCE(SAT) da IC don matakan IF daban-daban suna taimaka wa masu zane su fahimci matakan ƙarfin lantarki na fitowa lokacin da phototransistor ya kunna gabaɗaya, wanda yake da mahimmanci don haɗawa da da'irori na dabaru.

4.3 Dogaro da Zazzabi

Yayin da bayanan farko suke a 25°C, zane-zanen halaye na iya nuna yadda ma'auni kamar ƙarfin lantarki na duhu (ICEO) da ƙarfin lantarki na fitowa suke bambanta da zazzabi, wanda yake da mahimmanci don ƙirar tsarin kwanciyar hankali a kan kewayon aiki da aka ƙayyade.

5. Jagororin Solder da Haɗawa

5.1 Ma'auni na Solder

Iyakar ma'auni na gabaɗaya ya ƙayyade cewa ana iya solder jagora a 260°C na matsakaicin dakika 5, tare da auna zazzabin 1.6mm (0.063") daga ginin filastik. Wannan yana da mahimmanci don hana lalacewar zafi ga abubuwan ciki da kayan aikin filastik.

5.2 Sarrafawa da Ajiyewa

Ya kamata a ajiye na'urar a cikin kewayon zazzabin da aka ƙayyade na -40°C zuwa +100°C. Ya kamata a kiyaye matakan kariya na ESD (sake fitar da lantarki) yayin sarrafawa da haɗawa don hana lalacewa ga haɗin gwiwar semiconductor.

6. Shawarwarin Aikace-aikace

6.1 Yanayin Aikace-aikace na Yau da Kullun

LTH-301-19 ya dace da gano ba tare da tuntuɓawa a cikin na'urorin buga (ganon toshewar takarda, matakin toner), na'urorin kwafi, injinan sayar da kayayyaki (ganon tsabar kudi/abu), sarrafa masana'antu (ganon matsayi, sauya iyaka), da na'urorin lantarki na mabukaci. Saurin saurin sauya sa ya sa ya dace da aikace-aikacen ƙidaya ko auna sauri.

6.2 Abubuwan da Ya Kamata a Yi la'akari da su a Zane

Resistor Mai Iyakance Ƙarfin Lantarki:Dole ne a yi amfani da resistor na waje a jere tare da IR LED don iyakance ƙarfin lantarki na gaba (IF) zuwa ƙima mai aminci, yawanci tsakanin yanayin gwaji na 1.4mA da iyakar gabaɗaya na 60mA, yana daidaita haske da tsawon rayuwa.
Resistor na Kaya:Ƙimar resistor na kaya (RL) da aka haɗa zuwa mai tattarawa na phototransistor yana shafar duka jujjuyawar ƙarfin lantarki na fitowa da lokacin amsawa. Ƙaramin RL yana ba da sauya sauri amma ƙaramin jujjuyawar ƙarfin lantarki na fitowa.
Hasken Muhalli:A matsayin na'urar infrared, ba ta da saukin kamuwa da kutsawar hasken muhalli da ake iya gani. Duk da haka, don aikace-aikace masu mahimmanci, ana iya amfani da kariyar injiniya ko dabarun daidaitawa/daidaitawa don haɓaka juriyar amo.
Daidaituwa:Daidaituwar injiniya daidai tsakanin ramukan mai fitarwa da na'urar gano yana da mahimmanci don mafi kyawun aiki da matsakaicin nisan gano.

7. Kwatanta da Bambance-bambancen Fasaha

Idan aka kwatanta da masu sauya injiniya, LTH-301-19 yana ba da fa'idar mahimmanci na aiki ba tare da tuntuɓawa ba, wanda ke haifar da babu lalacewa, tsawon rayuwa, aiki shiru, da mafi girman yuwuwar saurin sauya. Idan aka kwatanta da sauran na'urori na gano haske, kayan aikin sa na rami da aka haɗa yana ba da hanyar haske da aka gina a ciki, yana sauƙaƙa ƙirar injiniya da inganta amincin daidaitawa idan aka kwatanta da abubuwan mai fitarwa da na'urar gano daban. Ƙayyadaddun ƙarfin lantarki na cikar (VCE(SAT))<0.4V) yana tabbatar da kyakkyawar dacewa da da'irori na dabaru na ƙarancin wutar lantarki.

8. Tambayoyin da ake yawan yi (Dangane da Ma'auni na Fasaha)

Q: Menene manufar ma'auni na ƙarfin lantarki na duhu (ICEO)?
A: Ƙarfin lantarki na duhu shine ƙaramin ƙarfin lantarki na yoyo wanda ke gudana ta cikin phototransistor lokacin da babu haske daga IR LED da ke faruwa (watau an toshe hasken ko LED ya kashe). Ƙaramin ƙarfin lantarki na duhu (matsakaicin 100 nA) yana da kyawawa saboda yana rage ƙarfin lantarki na "yanayin kashewa", wanda ke haifar da bambanci mai kyau tsakanin yanayin kunna da kashewa na sauya.

Q: Ta yaya zan zaɓi ƙimar resistor mai iyakance ƙarfin lantarki na LED?
A: Yi amfani da Dokar Ohm: R = (Vcc - VF) / IF. Vcc shine ƙarfin lantarkin ku, VF shine ƙarfin lantarki na gaba na LED (yi amfani da 1.6V don gefen zane), kuma IF shine ƙarfin lantarki na aiki da kuke so (misali, 20mA don cikakken fitarwa). Tabbatar da lalacewar wutar lantarki da aka ƙididdige a cikin resistor yana cikin ƙimar sa.

Q: Za a iya amfani da wannan na'urar gano a waje?
A: Kewayon zafin aiki shine -25°C zuwa +85°C, wanda ya ƙunshi yanayi da yawa. Duk da haka, hasken rana kai tsaye yana ɗauke da ƙaƙƙarfan hasken infrared wanda zai iya cika na'urar gano. Rufe muhalli daga ƙura da danshi ba ya cikin ƙayyadaddun kayan aiki kuma yana buƙatar la'akari da shi daban.

Q: Menene ke shafar nisan gano ko tazara?
A> Tazarar gano tana tasiri ne ta hanyar ƙarfin lantarki na tuƙi na LED (IF), hankalin phototransistor, daidaitawa, da rashin gani na abin da ke katse hasken. Takardar bayanan ba ta ƙayyade matsakaicin tazara ba; dole ne a ƙayyade shi ta hanyar gwaji don takamaiman abu da buƙatun gefen siginar.

9. Misalin Amfani na Aiki

Harka: Gano Takarda a cikin Na'urar Buga na Tebur.Ana iya hawa LTH-301-19 ta yadda hanyar takarda za ta bi ta cikin raminta. Fil ɗin GPIO na microcontroller, wanda aka tsara tare da resistor na ja sama, yana sa ido kan mai tattarawa na phototransistor. Lokacin da babu takarda, hasken infrared ya isa na'urar gano, yana kunna phototransistor kuma yana ja ƙarfin lantarki na mai tattarawa ƙasa (kusa da VCE(SAT)). Lokacin da takarda ta shiga cikin rami, tana toshe hasken, tana kashe phototransistor, yana barin resistor na ja sama ya ja ƙarfin lantarki na mai tattarawa sama zuwa Vcc. Microcontroller yana gano wannan canjin ƙarfin lantarki don tabbatar da kasancewar takarda ko faɗakar da faɗakarwar takarda. Saurin lokacin amsawa yana tabbatar da gano ko da takarda mai sauri.

10. Gabatar da Ka'idar Aiki

LTH-301-19 na'urar gano haske ce ta watsawa da aka sanya a cikin kayan aikin filastik mai siffar U. A gefe ɗaya, diode mai fitar da hasken infrared (IR LED) yana fitar da haske a tsayin raƙuman ruwa yawanci kusan 940nm. A gaba kai tsaye, a ɗayan gefen rami, phototransistor na silicon NPN yana aiki azaman mai karɓa. An ƙera phototransistor ta yadda hasken da ke faruwa a yankin tushe yana haifar da nau'ikan electron-ramuwa, waɗanda ke aiki azaman ƙarfin lantarki na tushe, ta haka yana sarrafa ƙarfin lantarki na mai tattarawa-mai fitarwa mafi girma. Lokacin da babu wani abu a cikin rami, hasken daga IR LED yana buga phototransistor, yana sa shi ya gudana (yanayin KUNNA). Lokacin da wani abu ya shiga cikin rami, yana toshe hanyar haske, yana rage hasken akan phototransistor sosai, yana sa shi ya daina gudana (yanayin KASHE). Ana amfani da wannan canjin ƙarfin lantarki/ƙarfin lantarki azaman siginar sauya.

11. Trends na Fasaha

Masu katse hoto kamar LTH-301-19 suna wakiltar fasaha mai girma kuma amintacce. Trends na yanzu a fagen sun haɗa da ƙananan kayan aiki don hawa PCB mafi girma, haɓaka nau'ikan na'urar hawa saman (SMD) don sauƙaƙe haɗa kai ta atomatik, da haɗa ƙarin da'ira kamar masu faɗakarwa na Schmitt ko masu ƙara ƙarfi a cikin kayan aiki don samar da tsaftataccen siginar lambobi da inganta juriyar amo. Hakanan ana mayar da hankali kan rage amfani da wutar lantarki, musamman don aikace-aikacen da ke da baturi, ta hanyar inganta ingancin LED da hankalin phototransistor. Bugu da ƙari, wasu bambance-bambancen ci-gaba sun haɗa da masu fitarwa ko na'urori masu gano abubuwa da yawa a cikin kayan aiki guda ɗaya don gano matsayi da aka ɓoye ko don samar da redundancy.