LTH-306-09S Photointerrupter Datasheet - Maye Gurbin Maɗaurin Injiniya - Takardar Fasaha ta Hausa

1. Bayanin Samfur

LTH-306-09S photointerrupter ne, nau'in na'urar gani da wuta da aka tsara don gano katsewar haske. Yana aiki azaman maye gurbin kai tsaye, mai ƙarfi na tsoffin maɗauran injiniya a cikin aikace-aikacen gano daban-daban. Babban fa'idar sa yana cikin aikin sa na rashin taɓawa, wanda ke kawar da matsalolin da suka shafi lalacewar injiniya, bouncin lamba, da lalacewar jiki bayan lokaci. Wannan yana sa ya zama abin dogaro sosai ga aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar yawan motsawa ko aiki a cikin yanayin da ƙura, danshi, ko girgiza zai iya lalata lambobin injiniya. Na'urar ta dace da kasuwa mai faɗi, ciki har da sarrafa kai (ganon matsayi, maɗauran iyaka), na'urorin lantarki na mabukaci (ganon takarda na firinta, gano tiren diski), da tsarin aminci (ganon kulle kofa).

2. Bincike Mai zurfi na Sigogi na Fasaha

2.1 Mafi Girman Ƙididdiga

Waɗannan ƙididdiga suna ayyana iyakokin damuwa waɗanda bayan su lalacewar dindindin ga na'urar na iya faruwa. Ba a garantin aiki a ƙarƙashin waɗannan sharuɗɗan ba.

• LED na Shigarwa:
  • Rushewar Wutar Lantarki:75 mW. Wannan shine mafi girman wutar lantarki mai ci gaba da LED zata iya ɗauka a ƙayyadadden zafin yanayi.
  • Matsakaicin Halin Gaba:1 A (ƙarƙashin sharuɗɗan bugun jini: 300 pps, 10 μs faɗin bugun jini). Wannan ƙididdiga yana da mahimmanci don tuƙi LED tare da gajerun bugun jini masu ƙarfi.
  • Ci Gaba da Halin Gaba:50 mA. Matsakaicin halin DC don aiki mai dogon lokaci mai dogaro.
  • Ƙarfin Lantarki na Baya:5 V. Wuce wannan zai iya lalata haɗin LED.
• Phototransistor na Fitowa:
  • Rushewar Wutar Lantarki:100 mW.
  • Ƙarfin Lantarki na Mai Tattara-Mai Fitowa (V_CE):30 V. Mafi girman ƙarfin lantarki da za'a iya amfani da shi a cikin mai tattara da mai fitowa.
  • Ƙarfin Lantarki na Mai Fitowa-Mai Tattara:5 V.
  • Halin Mai Tattara:20 mA. Mafi girman halin da fitowar phototransistor zata iya nutsewa.
• Yanayi:
  • Kewayon Zafin Aiki:-25°C zuwa +85°C. Kewayon zafin yanayi don aikin na'urar na al'ada.
  • Kewayon Zafin Ajiya:-40°C zuwa +100°C.
  • Zafin Solder na Jagora:260°C na dakika 5 (don jagororin 1.6mm daga akwati). Wannan yana ayyana ƙuntatawar bayanin solder na sake kwarara.

2.2 Halaye na Lantarki & Gani

Ana ƙayyade waɗannan sigogi a zafin yanayi (T_A) na 25°C kuma suna ayyana aikin na'urar na yau da kullun.

• Halayen LED na Shigarwa:
  • Ƙarfin Lantarki na Gaba (V_F):Yawanci 1.2V zuwa 1.6V a halin gaba (I_F) na 20 mA. Ana amfani da wannan don ƙididdige ƙimar resistor mai iyakance halin da ake buƙata: R_iyaka= (V_wadata- V_F) / I_F.
  • Halin Baya (I_R):Matsakaicin 100 μA a ƙarfin lantarki na baya na 5V.
• Halayen Phototransistor na Fitowa:
  • Halin Duhu na Mai Tattara-Mai Fitowa (I_CEO):Matsakaicin 100 nA a V_CE=10V. Wannan shine halin ɓarna lokacin da LED ya kashe (babu haske). Ƙimar ƙasa tana da kyau don ingantaccen rabo na sigina zuwa amo.
  • Ƙarfin Lantarki na Cikakken Mai Tattara-Mai Fitowa (V_CE(SAT)):Yawanci 0.4V a I_C=0.25mA da I_F=20mA. Wannan shine faɗuwar ƙarfin lantarki a cikin phototransistor lokacin da yake cikakken "kunna."
  • Halin Mai Tattara na Yanayin Kunna (I_C(ON)):Mafi ƙarancin 0.5 mA a V_CE=5V da I_F=20mA. Wannan yana ƙayyade mafi ƙarancin halin fitarwa lokacin da hanyar haske ba ta toshe ba.
• Halayen Mai Haɗawa:
  • Kusurwar Aiki:8° zuwa 14°. Wannan sigogi ne mai mahimmanci wanda ke ayyana canjin kusurwar abu mai katsewa (misali, hannun lever) da ake buƙata don canza yanayin fitarwa cikin aminci. Ƙaramin kusurwa yana nuna mafi girman hankali ga motsi.

3. Bincike na Lanƙwasa Aiki

Takardar bayanai tana nuni zuwa lanƙwasan halaye na lantarki/gani na yau da kullun. Duk da cewa ba a ba da takamaiman zane-zane a cikin rubutun ba, ana bincikin manufar su ta al'ada a ƙasa.

• Halin Gaba vs. Ƙarfin Lantarki na Gaba (I_F-V_FLanƙwasa):Wannan jadawalin yana nuna alaƙar da ba ta layi ba tsakanin halin LED da ƙarfin lantarki. Yana taimaka wa masu zane su fahimci juriya mai ƙarfi na LED kuma su tabbatar da tuƙin halin mai tsayi.
• Halin Mai Tattara vs. Ƙarfin Lantarki na Mai Tattara-Mai Fitowa (I_C-V_CELanƙwasa):Waɗannan lanƙwasan, waɗanda aka zana don halayen tuƙi na LED daban-daban (I_F), suna kwatanta halayen fitarwa na phototransistor. Suna nuna yankin cikakkiya (inda I_Cyana da ɗan tsayi) da yankin layi/mafi aiki, wanda yake da mahimmanci ga aikace-aikacen gano analog.
• Rashin Canja Halin Halin (CTR) vs. Halin Gaba:CTR shine rabon halin mai tattara phototransistor (I_C) zuwa halin gaba na LED (I_F), yawanci ana bayyana shi azaman kashi. Wannan lanƙwasa yana nuna yadda inganci ke canzawa tare da halin tuƙi kuma yana da mahimmanci don inganta da'irar tuƙi don ingantaccen motsi na fitarwa.
• Lanƙwasan Dogaro da Zazzabi:Zane-zane da ke nuna yadda sigogi kamar V_F, I_C(ON), da halin duhu suna bambanta tare da zafin yanayi suna da mahimmanci don ƙirar tsarin ƙarfi waɗanda ke aiki a cikin ƙayyadadden kewayon zafin jiki.

4. Bayanin Injiniya & Kunshin

Takardar bayanai ta haɗa da zanen girmen kunshin (ba a sake yin shi a nan ba). Muhimman abubuwan da suka shafi injiniya sun haɗa da:

• Girmen Ramin:Matsakaicin rami wanda abu mai katsewa ke wucewa. Faɗinsa da zurfinsa suna ƙayyade dacewa da abin da aka yi niyya.
• Tazarar Jagora da Siffa:Tsarin fil (mai yuwuwa daidaitaccen tsarin fil 4: anode, cathode na LED; mai tattara, mai fitowa na phototransistor) da tazararsu suna da mahimmanci don ƙirar sawun ƙafar PCB.
• Girman Kunshin Gabaɗaya:Tsawon waje, faɗi, da tsayi suna takura sanya na'urar a cikin taro.
• Gano Polariti:Kunshin zai sami alamomi (kamar digo ko gefen bevel) don gano Pin 1, wanda dole ne a daidaita shi daidai da sawun ƙafar PCB.
• Hannun Lever na Al'ada:Siffa da aka lura ita ce ikon ƙirar hannun lever na al'ada waɗanda ke manne da abu mai katsewa, yana ba da damar daidaita mai gano don takamaiman motsin injiniya da ƙara sassaucin aikace-aikacen sa.

5. Jagororin Solder da Haɗawa

Kula da yadda ya kamata yana da mahimmanci don dogaro.

• Solder na Sake Kwarara:Ƙayyadadden iyaka shine 260°C na dakika 5, wanda aka auna 1.6mm daga jikin kunshin. Wannan yayi daidai da bayanan sake kwarara na yau da kullun maras gubar. Dole ne masu zane su tabbatar cewa bayanan zafi na tanda na sake kwarara ba ya wuce wannan iyaka don hana lalacewa ga epoxy na ciki ko haɗin semiconductor.
• Solder na Hannu:Idan solder na hannu ya zama dole, yakamata a yi amfani da ƙarfe mai sarrafa zafin jiki, kuma a rage lokacin solder kowane jagora (yawanci < dakika 3).
• Tsaftacewa:Yi amfani da abubuwan tsaftacewa masu dacewa, marasa lalata waɗanda suka dace da kunshin filastik na na'urar.
• Yanayin Ajiya:Ajiye a cikin yanayi mai bushewa, mai hana tashin hankali a cikin ƙayyadadden kewayon -40°C zuwa +100°C don hana shan danshi (wanda zai iya haifar da "popcorning" yayin sake kwarara) da lalacewar fitar da tashin hankali (ESD).

6. Shawarwari na Aikace-aikace & Abubuwan Ɗauka a Zukata

6.1 Da'irori na Aikace-aikace na Yau da Kullun

Mafi yawan tsarin shine maɓalli na dijital. Ana tuƙi LED tare da halin tsayi (misali, 20mA ta hanyar resistor na jerin). Mai tattara phototransistor yana haɗe da resistor na ja sama (R_{ja sama}) zuwa ƙarfin lantarki na dabaru (misali, 5V), kuma mai fitowa yana ƙasa. Ana ɗaukar siginar fitarwa daga kumburin mai tattara.

• Hasken da ba a katse ba (Abu Babu):Hasken ya faɗi a kan tushen phototransistor, yana sa shi ya gudanar. Ƙarfin lantarki na mai tattara an ja shi ƙasa (kusa da V_CE(SAT)).
• Katsewar Hasken (Abu Yana Nan):Phototransistor yana kashewa. Resistor na ja sama yana ja ƙarfin lantarki na mai tattara sama (zuwa ƙarfin lantarki).

Ƙimar R_{ja sama}ciniki ne: ƙimar ƙasa tana ba da lokutan tashi da sauri da mafi kyawun kariya daga amo amma yana jawo ƙarin halin lokacin da fitarwa ta kasance ƙasa. Yakamata a zaɓi shi dangane da saurin canzawa da ake buƙata da halayen shigarwa na matakin dabaru na gaba.

6.2 Abubuwan Ɗauka a Zukata na Zane

• Zaɓin Halin LED:Aiki a yawanci 20mA yana ba da ingantaccen halin fitarwa. Ƙananan halayen suna adana wutar lantarki amma suna rage I_C(ON)da gefen amo. Kada ku wuce ƙimar halin gaba mai ci gaba.
• Kariya daga Hasken Yanayi:Na'urar tana da hankali ga takamaiman tsawon zangon LED ɗinta na ciki. Duk da haka, a cikin yanayi mai ƙarfi na hasken yanayi (musamman hasken rana mai ɗauke da IR), siginar tuƙi na LED mai daidaitawa (bugun jini) tare da gano aiki tare a cikin da'irar karɓa na iya inganta kariya sosai.
• Lokacin Amsa:Saurin canzawa (lokacin tashi/faɗuwa) yana iyakance ta ƙarfin ƙarfin phototransistor da ƙimar resistor na ja sama. Don aikace-aikacen sauri, tuntubi takamaiman zane-zane na halaye masu ƙarfi idan akwai.
• Halayen Abu:Rashin gani na abu mai katsewa, kauri, da launi suna shafar adadin hasken da aka toshe. Don aiki mai dogaro, yakamata abu ya zama isasshe maras gani don rage halin phototransistor ƙasa da bakin kofa don yanayin "kashe."
• Daidaituwa:Daidaituwar injiniya daidai na abu a cikin ramin mai gano yana da mahimmanci don aiki mai daidaito, musamman idan aka yi la'akari da ƙayyadadden kusurwar aiki.

7. Kwatancen Fasaha & Fa'idodi

Idan aka kwatanta da maɓallan micro-switch na injiniya, LTH-306-09S photointerrupter yana ba da fa'idodi masu mahimmanci da yawa:

• Tsawon Rayuwa & Dogaro:Babu lambobin motsi da za su lalace, baka, ko yin oxidize. Tsawon rayuwa yawanci yana da tsari mai yawa.
• Aiki Mai Sauri:Yana iya canzawa da sauri fiye da maɓallan injiniya, waɗanda ke iyakance ta hanyar bouncin lamba da rashin kuzari na injiniya.
• Aiki Mai Daidaito:Juriya lamba ba abu bane. Halayen fitarwa suna tsayawa tsayayye bayan lokaci.
• Kulle Yanayi:Ana iya kulle kunshin filastik cikin sauƙi daga ƙura da danshi idan aka kwatanta da maɓalli na injiniya tare da mai kunnawa na waje.
• Aikin Shiru:Cikakken shiru, ba kamar ƙarar ƙarar maɓalli na injiniya ba.

Cinikin shine buƙatar tallafawa na'urorin lantarki (tushen halin yanzu don LED da resistor na ja sama) da yuwuwar hankali ga matsanancin hasken yanayi ko gurɓata hanyar gani.

8. Tambayoyin da ake yawan yi (Dangane da Sigogi na Fasaha)

• Q: Zan iya tuƙi LED kai tsaye daga fil ɗin microcontroller na 5V?A: A'a. Dole ne ka yi amfani da resistor mai iyakance halin yanzu. Misali, tare da V_CC=5V, V_F~1.4V, da I_F=20mA: R = (5V - 1.4V) / 0.02A = 180Ω. Resistor 180Ω ko 220Ω na yau da kullun.
• Q: Me "Kusurwar Aiki" na 8-14 digiri ke nufi ga zanena?A: Yana nufin lever na zahiri ko tuta wanda ke katse hasken dole ne ya juya ko motsa ta aƙalla digiri 8 (kuma yawanci har zuwa digiri 14) yayin da yake wucewa ta cikin rami don garantin maɓalli mai dogaro daga yanayin "kunna" zuwa "kashe." Dole ne ƙirar injiniyarka ta tabbatar da wannan tafiyar kusurwa.
• Q: Halin mai tattara fitarwa (I_C(ON)) shine 0.5mA kawai min. Shin wannan ya isa tuƙi shigar dabaru?A: Ee, don daidaitattun shigarwar dabaru na CMOS ko TTL, waɗanda ke da babban juriya na shigarwa (yana buƙatar microamps kawai), ikon nutsewa na 0.5mA ya fi isa. Matsayin ƙarfin lantarki (ƙasa = ~0.4V) shine sigogi mai mahimmanci.
• Q: Ta yaya zan kare na'urar daga ƙararrakin ƙarfin lantarki akan layukan wadata?A: Yi amfani da capacitors na raba layi na al'ada na allon (misali, 100nF yumbu) kusa da na'urar. Don yanayi masu tsauri, ana iya la'akari da ƙarin diodes na murƙushe ƙarfin lantarki na wucin gadi (TVS) akan layin wadata.

9. Misalai na Aikace-aikace na Aiki

• Ganon Takarda na Firinta:Tuta da ke manne da lever ɗin tiren takarda yana juyawa ta cikin ramin photointerrupter. Lokacin da takarda ta kasance, tuta tana cikin matsayi ɗaya (haske ba a katse ba); lokacin da babu kowa, yana motsawa zuwa wani matsayi (haske ya katse), yana nuna alamar tsarin sarrafawa.
• Ƙidaya Abubuwa na Bel ɗin Jigilar Masana'antu:Abubuwa akan bel ɗin jigilar suna wucewa ta ƙofar da ke da photointerrupter. Kowane abu yana karya hasken, yana haifar da bugun jini wanda PLC ko microcontroller ke ƙidaya.
• Kulle Kofa na Aminci:Ana sanya photointerrupter akan firam ɗin kofa, kuma ana sanya shafin akan kofa. Lokacin da aka rufe kofa yadda ya kamata, shafin yana shiga cikin rami, yana ba da damar hasken ya wuce kuma yana nuna alamar yanayin "amintacce." Idan kofa ta buɗe, an toshe hasken, yana nuna alamar yanayin "maras aminci" wanda zai iya kashe injina.
• Gano Diski na Mai Rufe Juyi:Diski mai rami da ke manne da gatari na mota yana juyawa tsakanin mai fitarwa da mai gano. Jerin bugun jini na haske da aka samar yayin da ramuka ke wucewa ana amfani da su don ƙayyade sauri da matsayi.

10. Ka'idar Aiki

Photointerrupter optocoupler ne tare da tazarar jiki tsakanin mai fitarwa da mai gano. Ya ƙunshi Diode mai Fitowa da Hasken Infrared (LED) a gefe ɗaya da Phototransistor na Silicon a gefe gaba, an daidaita su a kan buɗaɗɗen rami. Lokacin da aka yi amfani da halin yanzu ga LED, yana fitar da hasken infrared. Wannan hasken yana tafiya a kan tazarar kuma ya bugi yankin tushen phototransistor. Photons suna haifar da nau'i-nau'i na electron-ramuwa a cikin tushe, yana aiki yadda ya kamata azaman halin yanzu na tushe. Wannan halin yanzu na hoto daga nan ana haɓaka shi ta hanyar ribar transistor, yana ba da damar mafi girma halin mai tattara ya gudana. Lokacin da wani abu maras gani ya shiga cikin rami, yana toshe hanyar haske. Halin yanzu na tushe na hoto yana ƙarewa, yana kashe phototransistor kuma yana dakatar da halin mai tattara. Don haka, kasancewar ko rashin wani abu a cikin rami yana sarrafa ƙarfin lantarki na phototransistor na fitarwa ta hanyar dijital.

11. Trends na Fasaha

Tushen fasahar photointerrupters ya balaga. Trends na yanzu suna mai da hankali kan haɗawa da ƙanƙanta. Na'urori suna zama ƙanana a cikin girman kunshin (nau'in SMD) yayin da suke kiyayewa ko inganta aiki. Hakanan akwai wani yanayi zuwa haɗa ƙarin da'irori akan guntu, kamar masu faɗakarwa na Schmitt don hysteresis (don samar da tsaftataccen canjin dijital ba tare da abubuwan waje ba), masu haɓakawa don fitarwa na analog, ko ma cikakkun hanyoyin sadarwa na dijital (I2C). Wannan yana rage adadin abubuwan waje kuma yana sauƙaƙa zane. Bugu da ƙari, na'urori masu mafi girman hankali suna ba da damar aiki tare da ƙananan halayen LED, yana rage yawan amfani da wutar lantarki na tsarin, wanda ke da mahimmanci ga aikace-aikacen da ke da baturi. Haɓaka kayan don hanyar gani (ruwan tabarau, masu tacewa) kuma yana ci gaba da inganta ƙin hasken yanayi da daidaiton gano.