LTH-301-32 Photointerrupter Datasheet - Na'urar Kashewa ta Optical Slotted - 30V Collector-Emitter Voltage - Takardun Fasaha na Hausa

1. Bayanin Samfur

LTH-301-32 na'urar kashewa ta optical slotted ce, wacce aka fi sani da photointerrupter. Na'urar gano abu ce ba tare da taɓawa ba wacce ta haɗa LED mai fitar da haske infrared (IR LED) da phototransistor a cikin fakitin guda, an raba su da tazarar jiki. Babban aikin shine gano kasancewar ko rashin wani abu (kamar fale ko tuta) wanda ya ratsa wannan ramin, yana katse hasken infrared. Wannan ya sa ya dace da aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar gano matsayi, kashe iyaka, ko gano abu ba tare da taɓawa ba, don haka yana kawar da lalacewar injiniya kuma yana ba da damar aiki cikin sauri.

An ƙera na'urar don hawa kai tsaye akan allunan da'ira (PCBs) ko cikin soket ɗin dual-in-line (DIP) na yau da kullun, yana ba da sassauci a cikin haɗawa da haɗawa. Babban fa'idodinsa sun haɗa da amintaccen sauyawa ba tare da taɓawa ba, kariya daga bouncen injiniya, da saurin amsawa wanda ya dace da tsarin dijital.

2. Bincike Mai zurfi na Ma'auni na Fasaha

2.1 Cikakkun Ma'auni na Iyaka

Waɗannan ma'auni suna ayyana iyakokin damuwa waɗanda sama da su lalacewar dindindin na na'urar na iya faruwa. Ba a ba da garantin aiki a ƙarƙashin waɗannan sharuɗɗan ba.

• IR Diode Ci gaba na Yanzu na Ci gaba (I_F): 60 mA. Wannan shine matsakaicin yanayin yanzu wanda za'a iya wucewa ta hanyar LED infrared.
• IR Diode Juyawa Voltage (V_R): 5 V. Wuce wannan juyawar juyawa a kan LED na iya haifar da rushewa.
• Transistor Collector Current (I_C): 20 mA. Matsakaicin ci gaba na yanzu wanda mai tattara phototransistor zai iya ɗauka.
• Transistor Power Dissipation (P_D): 75 mW. Matsakaicin ikon da phototransistor zai iya watsawa, wanda aka lissafta kamar V_CE* I_C.
• IR Diode Kololuwar Ci gaba na Yanzu: 1 A (faɗin bugun jini = 10 μs, 300 pps). Wannan yana ba da damar ɗan gajeren bugun jini mai girma don cimma mafi girman fitowar haske na nan take, mai amfani don kariya daga hayaniya, amma dole ne a kiyaye cikakken zagayowar aiki.
• Diode Power Dissipation: 100 mW. Matsakaicin ikon da IR LED zai iya watsawa (V_F* I_F).
• Phototransistor Collector-Emitter Voltage (V_CEO): 30 V. Matsakaicin ƙarfin lantarki wanda za'a iya amfani da shi tsakanin mai tattara da mai fitarwa na phototransistor.
• Phototransistor Emitter-Collector Voltage (V_ECO): 5 V. Matsakaicin juyawar juyawa tsakanin mai fitarwa da mai tattara.
• Kewayon Zazzabi na Aiki: -25°C zuwa +85°C. Kewayon yanayin yanayi don aiki mai aminci.
• Kewayon Zazzabi na Ajiya: -40°C zuwa +100°C.
• Zazzabin Solder na Jagora: 260°C na dakika 5, an auna 1.6mm daga akwati. Wannan yana ayyana iyakokin bayyanar sake kunnawa ko solder na hannu.

2.2 Halaye na Lantarki & Optical

An ƙayyade waɗannan sigogi a yanayin zafin yanayi (T_A) na 25°C kuma suna ayyana matsakaicin aikin aiki.

2.2.1 Halayen LED na Shigarwa

• Gaba Voltage (V_F): 1.2V (Min), 1.6V (Typ) a I_F= 20mA. Wannan shine faɗuwar ƙarfin lantarki a kan IR LED lokacin da aka tuƙa shi tare da yanayin aiki na yau da kullun. Ana buƙatar resistor mai iyakancewa yanzu a jere tare da LED.
• Juyawa Yanzu (I_R): 100 μA (Max) a V_R= 5V. Ƙananan yanzun ɗigon ruwa lokacin da LED ke juyawa.

2.2.2 Halayen Phototransistor na Fitowa

• Collector-Emitter Breakdown Voltage (V_(BR)CEO): 30V (Min). Yana da alaƙa da cikakken ma'auni na iyaka.
• Emitter-Collector Breakdown Voltage (V_(BR)ECO): 5V (Min).
• Collector-Emitter Dark Current (I_CEO): 100 nA (Max) a V_CE=10V. Wannan shine yanzun ɗigon ruwa na phototransistor lokacin da babu haske da ke faruwa (watau an toshe ramin). Yana ƙayyade matakin siginar "kashe"-state.

2.2.3 Halayen Coupler (Tsarin)

Waɗannan sigogi suna bayyana haɗin halayen LED da phototransistor.

• Collector-Emitter Saturation Voltage (V_CE(SAT)): 0.4V (Max) a I_C=0.2mA da I_F=20mA. Wannan shine ƙarfin lantarki a kan phototransistor lokacin da ya kasance cikakken "kunna" (haske mara cikas). Ƙananan V_CE(SAT)ya fi kyau don haɗawa da da'irori na dabaru.
• On-State Collector Current (I_C(ON)): 0.6 mA (Min) a V_CE=5V da I_F=20mA. Wannan shine mafi ƙarancin photocurrent da aka samar lokacin da hanyar haske ta kasance a bayyane. Ainihin yanzu na iya zama mafi girma kuma ya dogara da yanayin tuƙi na LED da ribar na'urar.
• Lokacin Amsa: Wannan yana ayyana saurin sauyawa.
  • Lokacin Tashi (t_r): 3 μS (Typ), 15 μS (Max). Lokacin da fitarwa zai tashi daga 10% zuwa 90% na ƙimar ƙarshe lokacin da aka buɗe hasken.
  • Lokacin Faɗuwa (t_f): 4 μS (Typ), 20 μS (Max). Lokacin da fitarwa zai tashi daga 90% zuwa 10% na ƙimar ƙarshe lokacin da aka toshe hasken.
  An auna waɗannan lokutan a ƙarƙashin takamaiman sharuɗɗan (V_CE=5V, I_C=2mA, R_L=100Ω) kuma suna ƙayyade matsakaicin mitar gano abu.

3. Binciken Lanƙwan Aiki

Takardun bayanai suna nuni zuwa lanƙwan aiki na yau da kullun waɗanda ke nuna mahimman alaƙa ta hoto. Duk da yake ba a ba da takamaiman zane-zane a cikin rubutun ba, abubuwan da suka dace da fassararsu kamar haka:

3.1 Halaye na Canja wuri

Zane na Fitowa Collector Current (I_C) vs. Shigar da LED Gaba Yanzu (I_F) a madaidaicin ƙarfin lantarki mai tattara-emitter (misali V_CE=5V). Wannan lanƙwan yana nuna yanayin rabon canja wuri na yanzu (CTR), wanda shine rabo I_C/ I_F. Yana taimaka wa masu ƙira zaɓi daidai yanayin tuƙi na LED don cimma matakin fitarwa da ake so don wani nauyi ko bakin kofa na dabaru.

3.2 Dogaro da Zazzabi

Lanƙwan da ke nuna yadda sigogi kamar I_C(ON)da duhu yanzu (I_CEO) suna bambanta akan kewayon zafin aiki (-25°C zuwa +85°C). Riba na phototransistor yawanci yana raguwa tare da ƙara zafin jiki, yayin da duhu yanzu ke ƙaruwa. Fahimtar waɗannan sauye-sauye yana da mahimmanci don ƙirar tsarin kwanciyar hankali a duk kewayon zafin jiki, sau da yawa yana buƙatar gefe a cikin zaɓin I_Fda matakan gano bakin kofa.

3.3 Fitowa Saturation Voltage

Makircin V_CE(SAT)vs. I_Cdon daban-daban I_Fƙimomi. Wannan yana da mahimmanci don ƙayyade mafi ƙarancin faɗuwar ƙarfin lantarki lokacin da transistor yana kunna, yana tabbatar da dacewa tare da iyalai na dabaru masu ƙarancin ƙarfin lantarki.

4. Bayanin Injiniya & Fakitin

4.1 Girmen Fakitin

LTH-301-32 yana zuwa a cikin daidaitaccen fakitin DIP mai ƙarami. Muhimman bayanan girma daga takardun bayanai:

• An ba da duk ma'auni a cikin millimeters, tare da inci a cikin baka.
• Tolerance na tsoho shine ±0.25mm (±0.010") sai dai idan wani fasali na musamman yana da kiran daban.

Fakitin yana da jikin da aka ƙera tare da madaidaicin rami. Jagororin suna kan daidaitaccen 0.1" (2.54mm) pitch, mai dacewa da soket ɗin DIP da shimfidar PCB. An ayyana ainihin tsayi, faɗi, tsayi, faɗin rami, da matsayin jagora a cikin zanen girma da aka ambata a cikin takardun bayanai.

4.2 Gano Polarity

Don aiki mai kyau, gano fil ɗin daidai yana da mahimmanci. Fakitin yana amfani da alamar yau da kullun: cathode na IR LED da mai fitarwa na phototransistor yawanci suna haɗe zuwa fil ɗin gama gari ko kusa. Dole ne a duba zanen pinout na takardun bayanai don gano:

1. Anode na IR LED.
2. Cathode na IR LED.
3. Mai tattara phototransistor.
4. Mai fitarwa na phototransistor.

Haɗin da ba daidai ba zai iya hana aiki ko lalata na'urar.

5. Jagororin Solder & Taro

5.1 Bayyanar Solder

Cikakken ma'auni na iyaka ya ƙayyade solder na jagora a 260°C na dakika 5, an auna 1.6mm daga akwatin filastik. Wannan sigogi ne mai mahimmanci don solder na igiyar ruwa ko solder na hannu.

• Reflow Soldering: Idan aka yi amfani da shi a cikin tsarin sake kunnawa, ana ba da shawarar bayyanar tare da matsakaicin zazzabi wanda bai wuce 260°C ba kuma lokacin sama da 240°C (T_L) na ƙasa da dakika 10 gabaɗaya. Jikin filastik yana da hankali ga damuwa na zafi.
• Solder na Hannu: Yi amfani da ƙarfe mai sarrafa zafin jiki. Aiwatar da zafi ga jagora, ba jiki ba, kuma a kammala haɗin a cikin dakika 3-5 kowace jagora don guje wa zafi ya shiga cikin fakitin.

5.2 Tsaftacewa & Sarrafawa

Tsarin tsaftace PCB na yau da kullun ta amfani da barasa isopropyl ko kaushi masu kama da haka yawanci ana yarda da su. Guji tsaftacewa ta ultrasonic sai dai idan an tabbatar, saboda yana iya haifar da ƙananan tsage-tsage a cikin filastik ko haɗin mutuwa na ciki. Sarrafa na'urar ta jiki, ba jagororin ba, don hana damuwa na injiniya akan hatimi.

5.3 Yanayin Ajiya

Ajiye a cikin yanayi mai bushewa, anti-static a cikin ƙayyadadden kewayon zafin ajiya (-40°C zuwa +100°C). Ba a bayyana matakin hankali na danshi (MSL) a cikin rubutun da aka bayar ba, amma don ajiyar dogon lokaci, ajiye abubuwan a cikin jakunkunan shinge na danshi na asali kyakkyawan aiki ne.

6. Shawarwari na Aikace-aikace

6.1 Da'irori na Aikace-aikacen Yau da Kullun

Mafi yawan tsarin shine amfani da photointerrupter azaman sauyi na dijital.

1. LED Drive Circuit: An haɗa resistor mai iyakancewa yanzu (R_LIMIT) a jere tare da IR LED. R_LIMIT= (V_CC- V_F) / I_F. Don samar da 5V da I_F=20mA, R_LIMIT≈ (5V - 1.6V) / 0.02A = 170Ω (amfani da ƙimar ma'auni 180Ω).
2. Phototransistor Output Circuit: Ana iya amfani da phototransistor a cikin tsari guda biyu na yau da kullun:
   • Tsarin Resistor na Ja sama: Haɗa resistor (R_LOAD) daga mai tattara zuwa V_CC. An haɗa mai fitarwa zuwa ƙasa. Ana ɗaukar fitarwa daga mai tattara. Lokacin da aka toshe haske, transistor yana kashewa, kuma an ja fitarwa sama (V_CC). Lokacin da haske ya kasance, transistor yana kunna, yana ja fitarwa ƙasa (kusa da V_CE(SAT)). R_LOADana zaɓar ƙimar bisa ga I_Cda sauri; 1kΩ zuwa 10kΩ na kowa.
   • Tsarin Canja Yanzu zuwa Voltage: Haɗa phototransistor a cikin tsarin mai fitarwa gama gari tare da babban mai aiki a cikin saitin transimpedance don canza photocurrent zuwa madaidaicin ƙarfin lantarki. Ana amfani da wannan don ganowa na analog.

6.2 Abubuwan ƙira

• Kariya daga Hayaniya: Don wuraren da ke da hasken yanayi (musamman infrared), yi amfani da siginar tuƙi na LED da aka daidaita da ganowa na aiki tare, ko tabbatar da cewa an rufe ramin ta jiki.
• Debouncing: Duk da yake na'urar kanta ba ta da bouncen injiniya, siginar fitarwa na iya buƙatar debouncing software idan abin da aka gane zai iya yin hira a cikin ramin.
• Kayan Abu: Dole ne abin da ke katse hasken ya zama marar ganuwa ga hasken infrared. Siraran ko kayan da ba a iya gani ba ƙila ba za a iya gano su da aminci ba.
• Daidaituwa: Daidaitaccen daidaitawar injiniya na abin da ke ratsa ramin yana da mahimmanci don aiki mai daidaito.

6.3 Yanayin Aikace-aikacen Gama gari

• Firintoci & Masu Kwafi: Gano fitar takarda, ganewar matakin toner, matsugunan matsayin karusar.
• Kai da kai na Masana'antu: Kashe iyaka akan masu aiki na layi, gano kasancewar sassa akan bel ɗin jigilar kaya, ganewar fale akan sandunan juyawa (tachometer).
• Kayan Lantarki na Masu Amfani:
• Tsarin Tsaro: Gano matsayin ƙofa/taga.
• Injin Sayarwa: Tabbatar da tsabar kuɗi ko fitar da samfur.

7. Kwatancen Fasaha & Jagoran Zaɓi

Lokacin zaɓar photointerrupter, mahimman abubuwan banbanta sun haɗa da:

• Faɗin Rami & Rami: Yana ƙayyade girman abin da za'a iya gane. LTH-301-32 yana da takamaiman girma na rami.
• Nau'in Fitowa: Phototransistor (kamar a nan) vs. Photodarlington (mafi girman riba, saurin sauri) vs. Fitowar Dabaru (Schmitt trigger na gini).
• Rashin Canja wuri na Yanzu (CTR): Mafi girma CTR yana ba da ƙarin fitarwa na yanzu don wani yanayin shigarwa, yana ba da damar mafi girman ƙimar resistors na ja sama ko dogon gudanar da kebul.
• Sauri (t_r, t_f): Mai mahimmanci don ƙididdigewa mai sauri ko aikace-aikacen ɓoyewa.
• Fakitin & Hawa: Ramin rami (DIP) vs. hawa saman (SMD). LTH-301-32 na'urar rami ce.
• Ƙarfin Lantarki na Aiki: V_(BR)CEOna 30V yana ba shi damar haɗawa tare da kewayon ƙarfin lantarki, daga tsarin 3.3V zuwa 24V.

LTH-301-32 ya tsara kansa azaman na'urar gama gari, amintacce tare da daidaitaccen saitin halaye wanda ya dace da faɗin kewayon aikace-aikacen ganowa na dijital na matsakaicin sauri.

8. Tambayoyin da ake yawan yi (Dangane da Ma'auni na Fasaha)

8.1 Menene manufar ma'auni na kololuwar gaba na yanzu don LED?

Ma'auni na kololuwar 1A yana ba LED damar bugun jini tare da mafi girman yanzu fiye da ma'aunin DC (60mA). Ana iya amfani da wannan don samar da bugun jini mai haske, inganta rabon siginar zuwa hayaniya a cikin wurare masu hayaniya ko ba da damar ƙaramin zagayowar aiki don adana wutar lantarki. Dole ne a bi ƙaƙƙarfan iyakoki akan faɗin bugun jini (10μs) da mitar maimaitawa (300 pps) don hana yin zafi sosai.

8.2 Ta yaya zan zaɓi ƙimar resistor na ja sama (R_LOAD)?

Zaɓin ya ƙunshi ciniki tsakanin amfani da wutar lantarki, saurin sauyawa, da kariya daga hayaniya. Ƙananan resistor (misali 1kΩ) yana ba da lokutan tashi da sauri (ƙananan lokaci na RC) da mafi kyawun kariya daga hayaniya amma yana jawo ƙarin yanzu lokacin da transistor yake kunna (I_C= V_CC/R_LOAD). Babban resistor (misali 10kΩ) yana adana wutar lantarki amma yana da sauri kuma yana da sauƙin kamuwa da hayaniya. Tabbatar cewa zaɓaɓɓen R_LOAD, a mafi ƙarancin ƙarfin lantarki, har yanzu yana ba da damar isasshen I_Cdon ja fitarwa ƙasa da bakin kofa na ƙananan dabaru na da'irar karɓa, la'akari da mafi ƙarancin I_C(ON) specification.

._L8.3 Me ya sa aka ƙayyade lokacin amsawa tare da resistor nauyi (R

=100Ω)?_{Saurin sauyawa na phototransistor yana iyakance ta hanyar capacitance na haɗin sa da juriya wanda yake caji/ɗaukar caji. Ƙayyade shi tare da ƙaramin resistor nauyi (100Ω) yana nuna iyakar saurin asali na na'urar. A cikin ainihin da'ira tare da babban resistor na ja sama, lokacin tashi zai kasance a hankali saboda babban RC akai (t}tashi_LOAD≈ R

* C). Lokacin faɗuwa yana ƙarƙashin ikon sake haɗuwar jigilar ciki kuma ba ya dogara da resistor na waje.

8.4 Ta yaya zazzabi ke shafar aiki?

• Yayin da zazzabi ya karu:_{Riba na phototransistor (don haka I}C(ON)_F) yana raguwa. Kuna iya buƙatar ƙara I
• don ramawa._CEODuhu yanzu (I
• ) yana ƙaruwa. Wannan yana ɗaga matakin ƙarfin lantarki "kashe", yana iya haifar da faɗuwar ƙarya idan an saita bakin kofa na ganowa da yawa._FGaba Voltage na LED (V

) yana raguwa kadan._{Ƙirar don faɗin kewayon zafin jiki dole ne su yi la'akari da waɗannan sauye-sauye, sau da yawa ta hanyar rage amfani da I}C(ON)_CEO.

da ba da gefe don I

.

9. Ka'idar Aiki

Photointerrupter yana aiki akan ka'idar haɗin gani da lantarki. Na'urar ta ƙunshi abubuwa daban-daban guda biyu a cikin gida guda: diode mai fitar da haske infrared (IR LED) da phototransistor silicon. Suna fuskantar juna a kan tazarar iska (ramin). Lokacin da aka yi amfani da wutar lantarki ga IR LED, yana fitar da hasken infrared da ba a iya gani ba. Wannan hasken yana tafiya a kan ramin kuma ya bugi yankin tushe na phototransistor. Photons suna samar da nau'ikan rami na electron a cikin tushe, waɗanda ke aiki azaman yanzu na tushe, suna kunna transistor. Wannan yana ba da damar mafi girma mai tattara yanzu ya gudana, yana iyakance ta hanyar da'irar waje.

Lokacin da aka shigar da wani abu marar ganuwa a cikin ramin, yana toshe hanyar haske. Samar da tushe na tushe yana ƙarewa, kuma phototransistor yana kashewa, yana dakatar da yanzu mai tattara. Don haka, yanayin lantarki na fitarwa (kunna/kashe) ana sarrafa shi kai tsaye ta hanyar yanayin injiniya na ramin (bayyana/toshe), ba tare da wani haɗin lantarki tsakanin shigarwa (bangaren LED) da fitarwa (bangaren transistor) ba. Wannan yana ba da keɓancewar lantarki mai kyau, yawanci a cikin kewayon ɗaruruwan zuwa dubunnan volts.

• 10. Trends na Masana'antu & MahallinPhotointerrupters kamar LTH-301-32 suna wakiltar fasahar ganowa mai girma da tushe. Manyan abubuwan da ke tasiri wannan sashe sun haɗa da:
• Ƙananan:
• : Bukatu mai ƙarfi don ƙananan fakitin na'urar hawa saman (SMD) don adana sararin PCB a cikin kayan lantarki na zamani.Haɗawa
• Mafi Girman Sauri: Haɓaka na'urori tare da lokutan amsawa da sauri (kewayon nanosecond) don masu ɓoyewa masu ƙuduri mai girma da aikace-aikacen sadarwar bayanai.
• Ingantaccen Daidaito: Matsaloli masu ƙarfi akan girmen rami da daidaitawar gani don mafi ingantaccen ganowa matsayi.

Madadin Fasahohi