1608 PLCC-2 LED Amber Datasheet - Girman 1.6x0.8mm - Ƙarfin Wutar Lantarki 2.85V - Ƙarfin Haske 710mcd - Takardun Fasaha na Hausa

1. Bayanin Samfur

Wannan takarda tana cikakken bayani game da ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun LED mai ƙaramin girman da aka ƙera don aikace-aikace masu ƙarfi. Na'urar tana amfani da fasahar Phosphor Converted (PC) Amber a cikin kunshin PLCC-2 (Plastic Leaded Chip Carrier), wanda aka gane shi da girman ƙafa 1608 (1.6mm x 0.8mm). Babban abin da aka fi mayar da hankali a kan ƙirarsa shine hasken cikin mota, inda aikin da ya dace, ingancin launi, da dogon lokacin aminci a ƙarƙashin yanayi daban-daban suke da muhimmanci. Samfurin ya cancanci ma'aunin AEC-Q102 don na'urorin gani da aka ware a aikace-aikacen mota, yana tabbatar da cewa ya cika ƙaƙƙarfan buƙatun inganci da aminci don amfani a cikin motoci.

2. Bincike Mai Zurfi na Sigogi na Fasaha

2.1 Halayen Haske da Launi

Aikin LED yana bayyana ta hanyar fitowar sa na photometric. A ƙarƙashin daidaitattun yanayin gwaji (Ƙarfin Wutar Lantarki na Gaba, I_F= 10mA, zafin jikin solder = 25°C), matsakaicin ƙarfin haske shine 710 millicandelas (mcd). Ƙananan da mafi girman ƙima an ƙayyade su azaman 610 mcd da 970 mcd, bi da bi, tare da juzu'in ma'auni na ±8%. Launi mai rinjaye an bayyana shi ta hanyar Ma'auni na Chromaticity akan zane na CIE 1931, tare da ƙimar al'ada na x=0.56 da y=0.42, wanda ke wakiltar wani inuwa na amber. Juzu'in waɗannan ma'auni shine ±0.005, yana tabbatar da daidaiton launi mai ƙarfi tsakanin raka'a. Na'urar tana ba da faɗin kusurwar kallo na digiri 120 (na al'ada, tare da juzu'i na ±5°), yana ba da haske mai faɗi, daidai wanda ya dace da hasken panel da alamomi.

2.2 Sigogi na Lantarki da Zafin Jiki

Halayen lantarki suna bayyana taga aiki. Matsakaicin ƙarfin wutar lantarki na gaba (V_F) shine 2.85V a 10mA, tare da kewayon daga 2.5V (ƙarami) zuwa 3.5V (matsakaici). Matsakaicin ƙarfin wutar lantarki na gaba na ci gaba shine 20mA, tare da ƙarfin ƙarfin guguwa na 50mA don bugun jini ≤10μs. Ba a ƙera na'urar don aikin bias na baya ba. Gudanar da zafin jiki yana da mahimmanci ga tsawon rayuwar LED. Juriya na zafi daga haɗin semiconductor zuwa wurin solder an ƙayyade shi ta amfani da hanyoyi biyu: 160 K/W (na gaske, bisa ma'aunin gani) da 140 K/W (na lantarki, bisa V_Fma'auni). Matsakaicin yanayin zafin haɗin gwiwa (T_J) shine 125°C, tare da kewayon yanayin yanayi na aiki daga -40°C zuwa +110°C.

2.3 Matsakaicin Ƙimar Ƙimar da Aminci

Yin aiki fiye da waɗannan iyakoki na iya haifar da lalacewa ta dindindin. Manyan ƙima sun haɗa da ɓarnar wutar lantarki (P_d) na 70mW, ƙimar ƙarfin wutar lantarki da iyakokin zafin jiki da aka ambata, da ƙimar hankali na ESD na 2kV (Samfurin Jikin Mutum). An ƙididdige na'urar don yin solder a matsakaicin zafin jiki na 260°C na dakika 30. Ya bi da RoHS, EU REACH, kuma ba shi da halogen (Br <900ppm, Cl <900ppm, Br+Cl <1500ppm). Hakanan ya cika ƙa'idar Ƙarfin Lalle na Class B1 kuma yana da Matakin Hankali na Danshi (MSL) na 3.

3. Bayanin Tsarin Binning

Don sarrafa bambance-bambancen samarwa da ba da damar zaɓi daidai, ana rarraba LED ɗin cikin kwandon shara don mahimman sigogi.

3.1 Binning Ƙarfin Haske

Ƙarfin haske an haɗa shi cikin kwandon shara da aka yiwa lakabi daga Q zuwa B, tare da kowane rukuni yana ɗauke da ƙananan kwandon shara X, Y, Z. Don wannan takamaiman lambar sashi (1608-PA0100M-AM), fitowar al'ada na 710 mcd ya faɗi cikin kwandon shara na VZ, wanda ya ƙunshi kewayon daga 970 mcd (ƙarami) zuwa 1120 mcd (matsakaici). Takardun bayanan ya nuna cewa "kwandon shara mai yuwuwar fitarwa" don wannan samfurin yana tsakiya a kusa da wannan kewayon VZ, kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin tebur.

3.2 Binning Launi

Launin Amber Phosphor Converted ana rarraba shi bisa takamaiman yankuna akan ginshiƙi na chromaticity na CIE. Takardun bayanan yana ba da iyakokin ma'auni don manyan kwandon shara guda uku: 8285, 8588, da 8891. Kowane kwandon shara an bayyana shi ta hanyar saitin ma'auni uku ko huɗu waɗanda suka zama polygon akan ginshiƙi na x,y. Matsakaicin ma'auni na launi (x=0.56, y=0.42) don wannan LED ya faɗi cikin kwandon shara na 8588, wanda ke da iyaka da maki (0.5448, 0.4544), (0.5633, 0.4361), (0.5250, 0.4450), da (0.5080, 0.4620). Juzu'in ma'auni na launi a cikin kwandon shara shine ±0.005.

3.3 Binning Ƙarfin Wutar Lantarki na Gaba

Ƙarfin wutar lantarki na gaba ana rarraba shi cikin matakan 0.25V, tare da lambobin kwandon shara daga 1012 (1.00V - 1.25V) har zuwa 6770 (6.75V - 7.00V). Matsakaicin V_Fna 2.85V don wannan LED zai sanya shi a cikin kwandon shara na 2730 (2.75V - 3.00V). Wannan binning yana ba masu ƙira damar zaɓar LED ɗin tare da daidaitattun faɗuwar wutar lantarki don raba halin yanzu a cikin jerin LED masu yawa.

4. Bincike na Lanƙwasa Aiki

4.1 Rarraba Spectral da Tsarin Radiation

Jadawalin rarraba spectral na dangi yana nuna babban fitowar fitowar halayen LED ɗin da aka canza phosphor. An samar da hasken amber ta hanyar guntu mai fitar da shuɗi wanda ke tada Layer na phosphor, wanda ke jujjuya ɓangaren hasken shuɗi zuwa tsayin raƙuman ruwa (rawaya/ja), wanda ke haifar da launin amber na ƙarshe. Tsarin radiation na al'ada yana kama da Lambertian, yana tabbatar da kusurwar kallo na 120° inda ƙarfi ya faɗi zuwa rabin ƙimar kololuwa a ±60° kashe-axis.

4.2 Ƙarfin Wutar Lantarki na Gaba da Ƙarfin Wutar Lantarki na Gaba (Lanƙwasa I-V)

Lanƙwasa I-V ba ta da layi, kamar yadda ake tsammani don diode. Jadawalin yana nuna alaƙa tsakanin ƙarfin wutar lantarki na gaba (I_F) da ƙarfin wutar lantarki na gaba (V_F). Wannan lanƙwasa tana da mahimmanci don ƙirar da'irar iyakance halin yanzu. Ƙarfin wutar lantarki yana ƙaruwa tare da halin yanzu, yana farawa a kusa da 2.4V a ƙananan halin yanzu kuma ya kai kusan 3.2V a matsakaicin ƙimar 20mA.

4.3 Ƙarfin Haske na Dangi da Ƙarfin Wutar Lantarki na Gaba

Wannan jadawalin yana nuna dogaron fitowar haske akan halin yanzu na tuƙi. Ƙarfin haske na dangi yana ƙaruwa da super-linear tare da halin yanzu har zuwa wani lokaci. Wannan alaƙa tana da mahimmanci don ƙirar duhu da sarrafa haske, yana nuna cewa fitarwa ba ta daidaita daidai da halin yanzu ba, musamman a ƙananan halin yanzu.

4.4 Halayen Dogaro da Zazzabi

Jadawalai da yawa suna kwatanta tasirin zafin jiki akan aiki. Ƙarfin Haske na Dangi da Zazzabin Haɗin gwiwajadawalin yana nuna cewa fitowar haske yana raguwa yayin da zafin haɗin gwiwa ya tashi. A 110°C, fitarwa shine kusan 60-70% na ƙimarsa a 25°C. Ƙarfin Wutar Lantarki na Gaba na Dangi da Zazzabin Haɗin gwiwajadawalin yana nuna V_Fyana raguwa da layi tare da ƙara yawan zafin jiki (kusan -2mV/°C), wanda za'a iya amfani dashi don ƙididdige zafin haɗin gwiwa. Canjin Chromaticity da Zazzabin Haɗin gwiwajadawalin yana nuna ƙananan amma ma'auni motsi a cikin ma'auni na launi (Δx, Δy) tare da zafin jiki, wanda yake da mahimmanci don aikace-aikacen mai mahimmanci na launi.

4.5 Ƙarfin Wutar Lantarki na Gaba Derating da Sarrafa Bugun Jini

Lanƙwasa Derating Ƙarfin Wutar Lantarki na Gabayana da mahimmanci ga aminci. Yana nuna matsakaicin halin yanzu na ci gaba da LED ɗin zai iya ɗauka a wani yanayin zafin aiki (zafin jikin solder). Yayin da zafin jikin yake ƙaruwa, matsakaicin halin yanzu mai aminci yana raguwa da layi. A matsakaicin zafin jikin aiki na 110°C, matsakaicin halin yanzu shine 20mA. Jadawalin kuma ya ƙayyade kada a yi amfani da halin yanzu ƙasa da 2mA. Ƙarfin Sarrafa Bugun Jini Mai Iziniginshiƙi yana bayyana matsakaicin halin yanzu da aka ba da izini don gajerun bugun jini a cikin zagayowar aiki daban-daban (D). Don gajerun bugun jini (misali, 0.1ms) a ƙananan zagayowar aiki (misali, 0.5%), halin yanzu da yawa fiye da matsakaicin DC (har zuwa ~55mA) ana iya jurewa.

5. Bayanin Injiniya, Tari, da Kunshin

5.1 Girman Injiniya da Polarity

LED yana amfani da daidaitaccen kunshin saman PLCC-2 tare da girman ƙafa 1608. Zanen injiniya (wanda aka nuna a cikin abubuwan) zai ƙayyade daidai tsawon, faɗin, tsayi, girman jagora, da juzu'i. Kunshin ya haɗa da ruwan tabarau da aka ƙera. An nuna polarity ta hanyar alamar cathode, yawanci notch, kore dot, ko wasu alama akan jikin kunshin, wanda dole ne a daidaita shi da madaidaicin alama akan silkscreen na PCB ko girman ƙafa.

5.2 Tsarin Ƙafafun Solder da Shawarar Shawara da Tsarin Reflow

An ba da shawarar tsarin ƙasa (ƙirar ƙafafun solder) don tabbatar da ingantaccen solder, kwanciyar hankali na injiniya, da aikin zafi. Wannan tsarin yawanci ya haɗa da ƙafafun don lambobin lantarki guda biyu kuma yana iya haɗawa da haɗin taimako na zafi. Tsarin Solder Reflowya ƙayyade buƙatun lokaci-zazzabi don yin solder. Babban sigogi shine matsakaicin zafin jiki na 260°C na dakika 30 matsakaici. Tsarin kuma zai haɗa da dumama, jiƙa, da ƙimar gangarowa don hana girgizar zafi da tabbatar da haɗin gwiwar solder.

5.3 Kunshin da Matakan Kula

Bayanin kunshin yana cikakken bayani game da ƙayyadaddun tef da reel da aka yi amfani da su don haɗawa ta atomatik, gami da girman reel, tazarar aljihu, da karkata. Saboda ƙimar sa na MSL 3, dole ne a gasa na'urar idan an buɗe jakar shinge na danshi kuma an fallasa abubuwan zuwa yanayin yanayi na tsawon lokaci fiye da ƙayyadaddun rayuwar bene (yawanci sa'o'i 168) kafin yin solder reflow. Gabaɗaya matakan kariya sun haɗa da guje wa matsin lamba na injiniya akan ruwan tabarau, amfani da ingantattun hanyoyin sarrafa ESD, da bin shawarar shawarar yin solder don hana lalacewa.

6. Jagororin Aikace-aikace da Abubuwan Ƙira

6.1 Aikace-aikace na Farko: Hasken Cikin Mota

Aikace-aikacen da aka bayyana shine hasken cikin mota. Wannan ya ƙunshi fa'idodi masu yawa kamar hasken baya na dashboard, hasken canji, hasken yanayi, fitilun ƙafafu, da alamomin kwamfuta. Ingantaccen AEC-Q102, faɗin kewayon zafin jiki (-40°C zuwa +110°C), da juriya ga lalata sun sa ya dace da mummunan yanayi a cikin mota.

6.2 Abubuwan Ƙira na Da'ira

Halin Yanzu na Tuƙi:LED ɗin na'urori ne masu tuƙi na halin yanzu. Tushen halin yanzu na yau da kullun ko resistor mai iyakance halin yanzu a cikin jerin tare da tushen wutar lantarki wajibi ne. Ƙirar dole ne ta tabbatar da cewa ƙarfin wutar lantarki na gaba bai wuce matsakaicin ƙimar ƙimar ba, la'akari da lanƙwasa derating a manyan yanayin zafi.
Gudanar da Zafin Jiki:Juriya na zafi daga haɗin gwiwa zuwa wurin solder yana da mahimmanci (140-160 K/W). Don kiyaye ƙaramin zafin haɗin gwiwa da tabbatar da dogon rai da kwanciyar hankali na launi, PCB dole ne ya zama ingantaccen nutsewar zafi. Wannan ya haɗa da amfani da isasshen yanki na tagulla a ƙarƙashin da kewaye da ƙafafun LED, hanyoyin zafi zuwa matakan ciki, da yuwuwar haɗawa zuwa ainihin ƙarfe ko chassis.
Kariya ta ESD:Tare da ƙimar ESD na 2kV HBM, matakan kariya na ESD na asali yayin sarrafawa da haɗawa sun isa. Don aikace-aikace a cikin yanayi tare da haɗarin ESD mafi girma, ana iya la'akari da ƙarin da'irar kariya akan PCB.
Duhu:Don sarrafa haske, Ana fifita Modulation Faɗin Bugun Jini (PWM) akan duhu na halin yanzu na analog. PWM yana kiyaye halin yanzu na yau da kullun yayin bugun jini na "kunna", yana adana chromaticity na LED, yayin da duhu na analog (rage halin yanzu) zai iya haifar da canjin launi mai ban mamaki, kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin Jadawalin Canjin Chromaticity da Ƙarfin Wutar Lantarki na Gaba.

7. Kwatancen Fasaha da Bambance-bambance

Idan aka kwatanta da daidaitaccen guntun LED Amber ba tare da canjin phosphor ba, wannan LED ɗin PC Amber yawanci yana ba da mafi faɗin bakan kuma yana iya zama mafi girman launi a yankin amber, wanda zai iya zama abin sha'awa don wasu kyawawan hasken ciki. Kunshin PLCC-2 yana ba da mafi ƙarfi da sauƙin sarrafa maganin SMT idan aka kwatanta da kunshin ma'aunin guntu (CSP), tare da mafi kyawun cire haske saboda ruwan tabarau da aka ƙera. Ingantaccen AEC-Q102 da ƙayyadaddun ma'aunin gwajin sulfur (wanda aka ambata a cikin abubuwan) sune manyan abubuwan banbance don amfani da mota da LED ɗin matakin kasuwanci, suna magance dogon lokacin aminci a ƙarƙashin zagayowar zafi, ɗanɗano, da fallasa sinadarai da ake samu a cikin motoci.

8. Tambayoyin da ake yawan yi (Bisa Sigogi na Fasaha)

Q: Menene matsakaicin halin yanzu na tuƙi don wannan LED?
A: An ba da daidaitaccen yanayin gwaji da bayanan aikin al'ada a I_F= 10mA. Ana iya aiki da shi a ko'ina tsakanin ƙananan (2mA) da matsakaicin (20mA) ƙima, tare da fitarwa da inganci suna bambanta da haka.

Q: Ta yaya zan sarrafa haske?
A: An sarrafa haske da farko ta hanyar ƙarfin wutar lantarki na gaba. Don duhu mai santsi a kan babban kewayon ba tare da canjin launi ba, ana ba da shawarar Modulation Faɗin Bugun Jini (PWM). Duba Jadawalin Ƙarfin Haske na Dangi da Ƙarfin Wutar Lantarki na Gaba don alaƙar.

Q: Me yasa aka ba da ƙarfin haske azaman kewayon (kwandon shara)?
A: Saboda bambance-bambancen da ke tattare da samar da semiconductor da phosphor, ana rarraba LED ɗin (kwandon shara) bayan samarwa. Ƙayyade kwandon shara (misali VZ) yana ba da garantin cewa ƙarfin haske zai faɗi cikin sanannen kewayon mai ƙarfi, yana ba da damar daidaitaccen ƙirar tsarin.

Q: Zan iya amfani da wannan LED a waje?
A: Duk da yana da faɗin kewayon zafin jiki, babban cancantarsa da mayar da hankali aikace-aikace shine hasken cikin mota. Don amfani da waje, ƙarin la'akari kamar juriya ga UV na ruwan tabarau, hana ruwa, da yuwuwar manyan yanayin zafi za su buƙaci kimantawa.

Q: Menene manufar "Lanƙwasa Derating Ƙarfin Wutar Lantarki na Gaba"?
A: Wannan lanƙwasa tana da mahimmanci ga aminci. Yana bayyana matsakaicin halin yanzu na ci gaba mai aminci wanda LED ɗin zai iya ɗauka a wani yanayin zafin aiki (zafin jikin solder). Wucewa wannan lanƙwasa yana ƙara zafin haɗin gwiwa fiye da matsakaicin ƙimarsa (125°C), yana rage tsawon rayuwa sosai kuma yana iya haifar da gazawa nan da nan.

9: Misalin Ƙira da Amfani

Yanayi: Ƙirar hasken baya na dashboard na mota don alamar gargaɗi.
Mataki 1 - Ƙirar Lantarki:Ƙarfin wutar lantarki na tsarin shine 12V (baturin mota). Don cimma hasken da ake so, an zaɓi halin yanzu na tuƙi na 10mA. Amfani da matsakaicin V_Fna 2.85V, an ƙididdige resistor mai iyakance halin yanzu na jerin: R = (V_wadata- V_F) / I_F= (12V - 2.85V) / 0.01A = 915 Ohms. An zaɓi daidaitaccen resistor na 910 Ohm. Ƙimar wutar lantarki na resistor shine P = I²R = (0.01)²* 910 = 0.091W, don haka resistor 1/8W ko 1/10W ya isa.
Mataki 2 - Ƙirar Zafin Jiki:An ƙiyasta matsakaicin yanayin yanayi kusa da PCB na dashboard a 85°C. Ta amfani da lanƙwasa derating, matsakaicin halin yanzu da aka ba da izini a zafin jikin 85°C shine kusan 22mA. Tunda halin yanzu na aiki (10mA) yana ƙasa da wannan, ƙirar zafin jiki ya isa. Duk da haka, an ƙara ƙaramin zubar da tagulla da aka haɗa zuwa ƙafafun zafi na LED zuwa shimfidar PCB don taimakawa wajen watsar da zafi.
Mataki 3 - Shimfidawa:An yi amfani da shawarar girman ƙafafun solder. Silkscreen na PCB yana nuna alamar gefen cathode na girman ƙafa don dacewa da notch akan kunshin LED. An bi hanyoyin haɗawa masu hankali na ESD.

10. Gabatarwar Ƙa'idar Fasaha

Wannan LED ya dogara ne akanFasahar Canjin Phosphor (PC)Cibiyar na'urar ita ce guntun semiconductor, yawanci an yi shi da Indium Gallium Nitride (InGaN), wanda ke fitar da haske a cikin bakan shuɗi lokacin da wutar lantarki ta wuce ta cikinsa. Wannan hasken shuɗi ba shine fitarwa na ƙarshe ba. A maimakon haka, an karkatar da shi zuwa Layer na kayan phosphor da aka ajiye a cikin kunshin. Phosphors sinadarai ne na inorganic waɗanda ke nuna photoluminescence. Lokacin da manyan photons shuɗi suka bugi phosphor, an sha su, suna tada electrons na phosphor. Yayin da waɗannan electrons suka koma yanayin ƙasarsu, suna fitar da ƙananan photons, da farko a cikin yankuna na rawaya da ja na bakan. Haɗin hasken shuɗin da ba a canza ba daga guntu da canza hasken rawaya/ja daga phosphor yana haɗuwa don samar da launin amber da ake gani. Wannan hanyar tana ba da damar ƙirar takamaiman maki launi (kamar ƙayyadaddun kwandon shara na amber) waɗanda ke da wahala ko rashin inganci don cimma su tare da fitar da semiconductor kai tsaye.

11. Trends na Masana'antu da Ci gaba

Kasuwar LED ɗin hasken cikin mota tana motsa ta ta hanyar manyan trends da yawa. Akwai ci gaba na turawa donmafi girman inganci (lumens kowace watt)don rage amfani da wutar lantarki da kayan aikin zafi, musamman yayin da motoci suka haɗa da ƙarin fasalin lantarki.Ƙanananya kasance mai mahimmanci, tare da kunshin kamar 1608 (da ƙarami) yana ba da damar ƙira mai santsi, mafi haɗaka.Ingantaccen ingancin launi da daidaitosuna da mahimmanci don kyawawan kyawawan ciki, suna haifar da ƙaramin binning launi da ingantaccen fasahar phosphor don kwanciyar hankali akan zafin jiki da tsawon rai.Ƙara aikiyana fitowa, kamar haɗa LED ɗin launi da yawa (misali RGB) cikin kunshin guda don tsarin hasken yanayi mai ƙarfi. Bugu da ƙari, ƙa'idodin aminci kamar AEC-Q102 suna zama tsammanin tushe, tare da ci gaba na gaba mai yiwuwa yana mai da hankali kan ƙarin gwaji mai tsauri don tsawon rayuwa da mafi munin yanayin muhalli, gami da juriya ga sabbin nau'ikan gurɓataccen abu da ake samu a cikin motoci na zamani.