Takardun Bayani na PLCC-2 LED Blue - 65-11-UB0200L-AM - Na'urar Motoci - Kallon Kallon 120° - 3.1V - 20mA - Hausa

1. Bayanin Samfur LED 65-11-UB0200L-AM na'ura ce mai dogaro da gaske, ana haɗa ta a saman allon (surface-mount), wadda aka tsara da farko don aikace-aikacen mota da masana'antu masu ƙarfi. Tana amfani da kunshin PLCC-2 (Plastic Leaded Chip Carrier), wanda ke ba da tsari mai ƙarfi da ƙanƙanta wanda ya dace da tsarin haɗawa ta atomatik. Na'urar tana fitar da haske mai haske blue tare da matsakaicin tsayin zango (dominant wavelength) na 468 nm. Babban fa'idodinta sun haɗa da faɗin kusurwar kallo na digiri 120 don rarraba haske mai kyau, ingancin ma'aunin AEC-Q101 mai tsauri don sassan mota, da bin umarnin muhalli kamar RoHS da REACH. Kasuwar da aka yi niyya ta ƙunshi tsarin hasken cikin mota, hasken baya na maɓalli da allunan sarrafawa, da hasken na'urori inda aikin daidaitacce da dogon lokacin dogaro suke da muhimmanci.

2. Bincike Mai Zurfi na Ma'auni na Fasaha

2.1 Halayen Haske da Lantarki Ana ayyana ma'auni mafi mahimmanci a ƙarƙashin daidaitattun yanayin gwaji na halin yanzu na gaba (I_F) na 20 mA. Matsakaicin ƙarfin haske (luminous intensity) shine 355 millicandelas (mcd), tare da ƙayyadaddun mafi ƙanƙanta na 224 mcd da matsakaicin 560 mcd, wanda ke nuna yaduwar samarwa. Matsakaicin ƙarfin lantarki na gaba (V_F) yakan auna volts 3.1, daga 2.75V zuwa 3.75V. Wannan ma'auni yana da mahimmanci don ƙirar da'irar turawa don tabbatar da daidaitaccen ƙayyadaddun halin yanzu. Kusurwar kallo, wadda aka ayyana azaman cikakken kusurwar da ƙarfin ya ragu zuwa rabin ƙimar kololuwa, tana da faɗin digiri 120, yana ba da haske mai faɗi, daidai. Matsakaicin tsayin zango (dominant wavelength) yana kewaye da 468 nm, yana ayyana takamaiman inuwar blue da ake fitarwa.

2.2 Matsakaicin Matsakaici da Ma'aunin Lantarki Waɗannan ma'auni suna ayyana iyakokin aiki waɗanda sama da su lalacewa na dindindin na iya faruwa. Matsakaicin halin yanzu na ci gaba na gaba shine 30 mA, yayin da na'urar za ta iya ɗaukar ƙarfin igiyar ruwa (surge currents) har zuwa 300 mA don ƙananan bugun jini (<10 μs). Matsakaicin ɓarnawar wutar lantarki shine 112 mW. Mahimmancin gaske, ba a tsara na'urar don aikin lantarki na baya ba. Dole ne zafin haɗuwa (junction temperature) kada ya wuce 125°C, tare da kewayon zafin yanayi na aiki daga -40°C zuwa +110°C, yana tabbatar da dacewarta ga yanayin mota mai tsauri. Hakanan yana da ƙayyadadden ƙimar kariya ta ESD (Electrostatic Discharge) mai ƙarfi na 8 kV (Tsarin Jikin Mutum), yana haɓaka dogaron sarrafawa.

2.3 Halayen Zafi Sarrafa zafi yana da mahimmanci ga tsawon rayuwar LED da kwanciyar hankali na aiki. Takardun bayani ya ƙayyade ƙimar juriyar zafi guda biyu: ainihin juriyar zafi (R_th JS real) daga haɗuwa zuwa wurin solder shine matsakaicin 120 K/W, yayin da ƙimar da aka samo ta hanyar lantarki (R_th JS el) shine 95 K/W. Wannan bambanci yana nuna mahimmancin dabarar aunawa. Ƙaramin juriyar zafi yana nuna ingantaccen canja wurin zafi daga haɗuwar semiconductor zuwa PCB, yana taimakawa wajen kiyaye ƙananan yanayin zafi don haka mafi girman fitowar haske da tsawon rayuwa._F3. Bayanin Tsarin Rarraba (Binning) Tsarin samarwa yana haifar da bambance-bambance na halitta a cikin ma'auni masu mahimmanci. Don tabbatar da daidaito ga mai amfani na ƙarshe, ana rarraba LED zuwa rukunoni (bins)._F3.1 Rarraba Ƙarfin Haske Ana rarraba ƙarfin haske zuwa cikakken tsarin rarraba haruffa da lambobi, daga L1 (11.2-14 mcd) har zuwa GA (18000-22400 mcd). Kashi na 65-11-UB0200L-AM, tare da matsakaicin sa na 355 mcd, ya faɗi cikin rukunin T1 (280-355 mcd). Masu zane dole ne su ƙayyade rukunin da ake buƙata ko kewayon da aka yarda lokacin yin oda don tabbatar da matakin haske da ake so a aikace-aikacensu.

3.2 Rarraba Tsawon Zango (Wavelength) Hakazalika, ana sarrafa inuwar blue ta hanyar rarraba tsayin zango (wavelength). Ana ayyana rukunoni ta lambobi huɗu waɗanda ke wakiltar mafi ƙarancin tsayin zango a cikin nanometers. Misali, rukunin '6367' ya ƙunshi tsayin zango daga 463 nm zuwa 467 nm. Na'urar matsakaicin 468 nm za ta kasance a cikin rukunin '6771' (467-471 nm) ko '7175' (471-475 nm). Wannan yana tabbatar da daidaiton launi a cikin LED da yawa a cikin haɗa guda.

4. Binciken Lissafin Aiki Zane-zanen da aka bayar suna ba da haske mai zurfi game da halayen na'urar a ƙarƙashin yanayi daban-daban.

4.1 Lissafin IV da Ingantaccen Haske Zanen Halin Yanzu na Gaba vs. Ƙarfin Lantarki na Gaba yana nuna alaƙar alaƙa mai ma'ana. Lissafin Ƙarfin Haske Dangane da Halin Yanzu na Gaba yana nuna cewa fitar da haske yana ƙaruwa tare da halin yanzu amma ya fara nuna alamun jikewa yayin da halin yanzu ya tashi, yana jaddada buƙatar turawa daidai maimakon turawa ƙarfin lantarki. Matsakaicin wurin aiki na 20 mA an zaɓe shi da kyau don daidaita inganci da fitarwa.

4.2 Dogaro da Zafin Jiki Halayen zafin jiki suna da mahimmanci ga aikin ainihi. Zanen Ƙarfin Haske Dangane da Zafin Haɗuwa yana nuna cewa fitar da haske yana raguwa yayin da zafin jiki ya ƙaru—wani halin yau da kullun na LED. Lissafin Ƙarfin Lantarki na Gaba Dangane da Zafin Haɗuwa yana nuna ƙimar zafin jiki mara kyau, inda V_F ke raguwa yayin da zafin jiki ya tashi. Ana iya amfani da wannan don ƙididdige zafin haɗuwa a wasu da'irori na sa ido. Zanen Canjin Tsayin Zango yana nuna ɗan ƙaramin ƙaruwa a cikin tsayin zango (ja-juyi) tare da hawan zafin jiki._{4.3 Tsarin Bakan Haske da Rarraba Watsawa Zanen Rarraba Bakan Dangane yana tabbatar da kololuwar fitar da haske blue mai launi ɗaya a kusa da 468 nm tare da ƙaramin fitarwa a wasu tsayin zango. Zanen Tsarin Watsawa yana wakiltar kusurwar kallon digiri 120 a zahiri, yana nuna rarraba kamar Lambertian wanda ya zama ruwan dare ga irin wannan nau'in kunshin, yana ba da haske mai faɗi, daidai.}4.4 Ragewa da Aikin Bugun Jini (Pulse) Lissafin Rage Halin Yanzu na Gaba yana da mahimmanci don ƙirar zafi. Yana ƙayyade matsakaicin halin yanzu na ci gaba da aka yarda bisa zafin jiki a wurin solder (T_S). Misali, a T_S na 110°C, matsakaicin halin yanzu shine 30 mA. Jadawalin Ƙarfin ɗaukar Bugun Jini da Aka Yard da shi yana ba masu zane damar fahimtar matakan aminci na halin yanzu don aikin bugun jini a cikin zagayawa daban-daban da faɗin bugun jini, mai amfani don tsarin haɗawa da yawa ko duhu._{5. Bayanin Injiniya da Kunshin Kunshin PLCC-2 ƙirar ƙira ce ta saman allon (surface-mount) na masana'antu. Zanen injiniya (wanda aka nuna ta sashin 'Girman Injiniya') yawanci zai nuna ra'ayoyin sama da gefe tare da mahimman girma kamar tsayin gabaɗaya, faɗi, tsayi, tazarar jagora, da matsayin gindi. Tabbatar da asalin polarity (yawanci alamar cathode ta hanyar tsaga, ɗigo, ko yanke kusurwa) yana da mahimmanci don daidaitaccen alkiblar PCB. An tsara kunshin don dacewa da hanyoyin solder reflow na infrared.}6. Jagororin Solder da Haɗawa

6.1 Bayanin Yanayin Solder Reflow An ƙididdige na'urar don matsakaicin zafin reflow na 260°C na matsakaicin dakika 30. Shahararriyar bayanin reflow za ta haɗa da matakin preheat don ɗaga zafin jiki a hankali kuma a kunna flux, yankin jikewa don tabbatar da dumama iri ɗaya, ɗan gajeren kololuwa sama da zafin ruwan solder liquidus, da kuma lokacin sanyaya da aka sarrafa. Yin bin wannan bayanin yana hana girgizar zafi kuma yana tabbatar da haɗin gwiwar solder.

6.2 Tsarin Gindin Solder da Ake Shawarta Takardun bayani ya haɗa da shahararriyar ƙafar gindin solder. Wannan ƙirar tana inganta samuwar fillet ɗin solder, yana ba da isasshen ƙarfin injiniya, kuma yana taimakawa tare da ɓarkewar zafi daga gindin zafin na'urar (idan akwai) zuwa tagulla na PCB. Bin wannan shimfidar yana da mahimmanci don samun kyakkyawan yawan amfanin solder da dogon lokacin dogaro.

6.3 Abubuwan Kariya don Amfani Abubuwan kariya na gabaɗaya sun haɗa da guje wa matsin lamba na injiniya akan ruwan tabarau na LED, hana fallasa ga kaushi waɗanda zasu iya lalata filastik, da aiwatar da daidaitattun hanyoyin sarrafa ESD yayin haɗawa. Ya kamata a adana na'urar a cikin yanayi mai bushewa, mai sarrafawa kuma a yi amfani da ita a cikin ƙayyadaddun ƙimar da aka ƙayyade.

7. Bayanin Kunshin da Oda Sashen 'Bayanin Kunshin' ya ƙididdige yadda ake samar da LED, yawanci a cikin tsarin tef da reel wanda ya dace da injunan ɗauka da sanyawa ta atomatik. Cikakkun bayanai sun haɗa da girman reel, tazarar aljihu, da alkibla a cikin tef ɗin. Sasun 'Lambar Sashi' da 'Bayanin Oda' suna bayyana tsarin lambar samfur. Lambar '65-11-UB0200L-AM' mai yiwuwa tana ɓoye bayani game da nau'in kunshin (PLCC-2), launi (Blue), rukunin haske, da sauran cikakkun bayanai na bambance-bambance, yana ba da damar ƙayyadaddun bayani.

8. Shawarwari na Aikace-aikace

8.1 Yanayin Aikace-aikace na Yau da Kullun Kamar yadda aka jera, aikace-aikacen farko sune: Hasken Cikin Mota: Don fitilun taswira, fitilun bangon ƙofa, ko hasken yanayi. Ingancin AEC-Q101 ya zama dole a nan. Maɓalli: Hasken baya na maɓallin turawa ko dutsen dutse, yana buƙatar daidaitaccen launi da haske. Na'urori: Hasken don gumakan allon kayan aiki ko alamomi, suna amfana da faɗin kusurwar kallo.

8.2 Abubuwan da Ya Kamata a Yi la'akari da su a Zance Turawa Halin Yanzu: Koyaushe yi amfani da direban halin yanzu na akai-akai ko resistor mai iyakance halin yanzu a jere tare da tushen ƙarfin lantarki don saita I_F zuwa ƙimar da ake so (misali, 20 mA). Ƙirar Zafi: Tabbatar cewa PCB yana da isasshen taimakon zafi, musamman idan ana aiki a yanayin zafi mai girma ko kusa da matsakaicin halin yanzu. Yi amfani da lissafin ragewa. Ƙirar Haske: Kusurwar kallon 120° na iya buƙatar masu watsawa ko jagororin haske don cimma takamaiman tsarin katako ko don ɓoye maki LED ɗaya a wasu aikace-aikace. Kariyar ESD: Duk da yake LED tana da kariyar ESD da aka gina, haɗa ƙarin kariya akan layukan shigarwar PCB kyakkyawan aiki ne don ƙarfi.

9. Kwatancen Fasaha da Bambance-bambance Idan aka kwatanta da LED blue na PLCC-2 na gabaɗaya, 65-11-UB0200L-AM ya bambanta kansa ta hanyar cancantar sa na matakin mota (AEC-Q101). Wannan ya ƙunshi ƙarin gwaji mai tsauri don zagayawar zafin jiki, juriyar ɗanɗano, da tsawon rayuwar aiki a ƙarƙashin yanayi na damuwa. Ƙayyadadden ƙimar ESD na 8kV shima ya fi yawa fiye da yawancin sassan matakin kasuwanci. Cikakken tsarin rarraba (binning) da cikakken takardun bayani tare da faffadan zane-zane masu siffofi suna ba masu zane tsinkayar da ake buƙata don aikace-aikacen dogaro mai girma, sabanin sassa masu arha tare da ƙananan ƙayyadaddun bayanai.

10. Tambayoyin da Ake Yawan Yi (Dangane da Ma'auni na Fasaha) Q: Shin zan iya turawa wannan LED da 3.3V kai tsaye? A: Ba tare da dogaro ba. Matsakaicin V_F shine 3.1V, amma yana iya zama har zuwa 3.75V. Wadata 3.3V bazai iya cin nasara akan matsakaicin V_F ba, musamman a ƙananan yanayin zafi inda V_F ke ƙaruwa. Koyaushe yi amfani da da'irar iyakance halin yanzu da aka saita don 20mA. Q: Menene bambanci tsakanin ainihin juriyar zafi da na lantarki? A: Ainihin juriyar zafi (R_th JS real) ana auna shi ta amfani da na'urar auna zafin jiki ta zahiri. Juriyar zafi ta lantarki (R_th JS el) ana ƙididdige ta ta amfani da ƙarfin lantarki na gaba na LED a matsayin ma'auni mai mahimmanci ga zafin jiki. Na ƙarshe sau da yawa yana ƙasa. Don ƙirar zafi mai ra'ayin mazan jiya, yi amfani da mafi girman ƙimar (ainihi) na 120 K/W. Q: Ta yaya zan fassara lambar rarraba ƙarfin haske? A: Lambar haruffa da lambobi (misali, T1) ta dace da takamaiman kewayon millicandela. Dole ne ku ƙayyade rukunin da ake buƙata lokacin yin oda don tabbatar da daidaiton haske. Takardun bayani yana ba da cikakken teburin juyawa. Q: Shin wannan LED ya dace da amfani a waje? A: Kewayon zafin yanayi na aiki (-40°C zuwa +110°C) yana nuna cewa zai iya ɗaukar faɗuwar yanayi mai faɗi. Duk da haka, don fallasa kai tsaye a waje, yi la'akari da ƙarin kariya daga lalacewar UV na ruwan tabarau da shigar danshi, waɗanda ba a rufe su da kunshin daidaitaccen ba.

11. Nazarin Aikin Zance na Ainihi Yanayi: Zanen hasken baya na maɓallin dashboard na mota. Bukatu: Daidaitaccen haske blue a kan maɓallai 4, yana aiki daga tsarin mota na 12V, tsayayyen haske a kan kewayon zafin ɗaki daga -30°C zuwa 85°C. Aiwa: Zaɓin LED: Yi amfani da LED 65-11-UB0200L-AM guda huɗu, duk daga rukunin ƙarfin haske iri ɗaya (misali, T1) da tsayin zango (misali, 6771). Ƙirar Da'ira: Haɗa LED a jere tare da resistor mai iyakance halin yanzu. Ƙididdige ƙimar resistor: R = (V_supply - 4 * V_F) / I_F. Ta amfani da 12V na al'ada (mota), matsakaicin V_F na 3.1V, da I_F na 20mA: R = (12 - 12.4) / 0.02 = Ƙimar mara kyau. Wannan yana nuna jerin jerin 4 ba zai yiwu ba tare da 12V. Yi amfani da LED 3 a jere ko, mafi yawanci, kowane LED tare da nasa resistor da aka turawa daga layin 5V ko 3.3V da aka sarrafa. La'akari da Zafi: A yanayin zafi na 85°C, koma zuwa lissafin ragewa. Tabbatar cewa ana sarrafa zafin gindin solder ta hanyar shimfidar PCB. Ƙirar Haske: Yi amfani da jagorar haske ko fim mai watsawa sama da LED don haɗa haske daga tushe huɗu daban-daban zuwa yanki iri ɗaya a bayan kowace alamar maɓalli.

12. Gabatarwa da Ka'idar Aiki LEDs (Light Emitting Diodes) na'urorin semiconductor ne waɗanda ke fitar da haske ta hanyar electroluminescence. Lokacin da aka yi amfani da ƙarfin lantarki na gaba a kan haɗuwar p-n, electrons daga kayan n-type suna sake haɗuwa tare da ramuka daga kayan p-type a cikin yanki mai aiki. Wannan tsarin sake haɗuwa yana sakin makamashi a cikin nau'in photons (haske). Takamaiman tsayin zango (launi) na hasken da aka fitar ana ƙaddara shi ta hanyar tazarar bandgap na kayan semiconductor da aka yi amfani da su. Don LED blue, yawanci ana amfani da kayan kamar indium gallium nitride (InGaN). Kunshin PLCC-2 yana ɗauke da ƙaramin guntu na semiconductor, yana ba da haɗin lantarki ta hanyar jagora biyu, kuma ya haɗa da ruwan tabarau na filastik da aka ƙera wanda ke siffanta fitar da haske kuma yana kare guntun.

13. Trends na Fasaha Trend a cikin LED don aikace-aikacen mota da masana'antu yana ci gaba zuwa mafi inganci (ƙarin lumens kowace watt), ingantaccen dogaro a ƙarƙashin yanayi masu tsauri, da ƙananan girman kunshin da ke ba da damar ƙira mai yawa da sassauƙa. Hakanan ana ƙara mai da hankali kan sarrafa launi daidai da ƙaramin rarraba (binning) don biyan buƙatun aikace-aikace kamar nunin cikakken launi da ci-gaba na mu'amala tsakanin mutum da na'ura. Bugu da ƙari, haɗa na'urorin lantarki na sarrafawa (misali, direbobi, na'urori masu auna zafi) a cikin kunshin LED wani sabon salo ne, yana sauƙaƙa ƙirar tsarin ga mai amfani na ƙarshe. 65-11-UB0200L-AM yana wakiltar mafita mai girma, mai dogaro a cikin wannan yanayin da ke ci gaba, yana daidaita aiki, farashi, da ingantaccen dogaro ga kasuwannin da aka yi niyya._Fdrops as temperature rises. This can be used for junction temperature estimation in some monitoring circuits. The Wavelength Shift graph shows a slight increase in dominant wavelength (red-shift) with rising temperature.

.3 Spectral and Radiation Patterns

The Relative Spectral Distribution graph confirms the monochromatic blue emission peak around 468 nm with minimal emission in other wavelengths. The Radiation Pattern diagram visually represents the 120-degree viewing angle, showing a Lambertian-like distribution which is common for this package type, providing wide, uniform illumination.

.4 Derating and Pulse Operation

The Forward Current Derating Curve is essential for thermal design. It dictates the maximum allowable continuous current based on the temperature at the solder pad (T_S). For instance, at a T_Sof 110°C, the maximum current is 30 mA. The Permissible Pulse Handling Capability chart allows designers to understand safe current levels for pulsed operation at various duty cycles and pulse widths, useful for multiplexing or dimming schemes.

. Mechanical and Package Information

The PLCC-2 package is a industry-standard surface-mount design. The mechanical drawing (implied by the 'Mechanical Dimension' section reference) would typically show the top and side views with critical dimensions such as overall length, width, height, lead spacing, and pad positions. Clear polarity identification (usually a cathode mark via a notch, dot, or cut corner) is essential for correct PCB orientation. The package is designed for compatibility with infrared reflow soldering processes.

. Soldering and Assembly Guidelines

.1 Reflow Soldering Profile

The device is rated for a peak reflow temperature of 260°C for a maximum of 30 seconds. A recommended reflow profile would include a preheat stage to gradually raise the temperature and activate flux, a soak zone to ensure uniform heating, a brief peak above the solder liquidus temperature, and a controlled cooling phase. Adherence to this profile prevents thermal shock and ensures reliable solder joints.

.2 Recommended Solder Pad Layout

The datasheet includes a recommended solder pad footprint. This design optimizes solder fillet formation, provides adequate mechanical strength, and helps with heat dissipation from the device's thermal pad (if present) to the PCB copper. Following this layout is crucial for achieving good soldering yield and long-term reliability.

.3 Precautions for Use

General precautions include avoiding mechanical stress on the LED lens, preventing exposure to solvents that may damage the plastic, and implementing proper ESD handling procedures during assembly. The device should be stored in a dry, controlled environment and used within its specified ratings.

. Packaging and Ordering Information

The 'Packaging Information' section details how the LEDs are supplied, typically in tape-and-reel format compatible with automated pick-and-place machines. Key details include reel dimensions, pocket spacing, and orientation within the tape. The 'Part Number' and 'Ordering Information' sections explain the product code structure. The code '65-11-UB0200L-AM' likely encodes information about the package type (PLCC-2), color (Blue), brightness bin, and other variant-specific details, allowing precise specification.

. Application Recommendations

.1 Typical Application Scenarios

As listed, primary applications are:
Automotive Interior Lighting:For map lights, door panel lights, or ambient lighting. The AEC-Q101 qualification is mandatory here.
Switches:Backlighting for push-button or rocker switches, requiring consistent color and brightness.
Clusters:Illumination for instrument panel icons or indicators, benefiting from the wide viewing angle.

.2 Design Considerations

1. Current Drive:Always use a constant current driver or a current-limiting resistor in series with a voltage source to set I_Fto the desired value (e.g., 20 mA).
2. Thermal Design:Ensure the PCB has adequate thermal relief, especially if operating at high ambient temperatures or near maximum current. Use the derating curve.
3. Optical Design:The 120° viewing angle may require diffusers or light guides to achieve specific beam patterns or to hide individual LED points in some applications.
4. ESD Protection:While the LED has built-in ESD protection, incorporating additional protection on the PCB input lines is good practice for robustness.

. Technical Comparison and Differentiation

Compared to generic PLCC-2 blue LEDs, the 65-11-UB0200L-AM differentiates itself through its automotive-grade qualification (AEC-Q101). This involves more rigorous testing for temperature cycling, humidity resistance, and long-term operational life under stress conditions. The specified 8kV ESD rating is also higher than many commercial-grade parts. The detailed binning structure and comprehensive datasheet with extensive characterization graphs provide designers with the predictability needed for high-reliability applications, unlike cheaper parts with minimal specifications.

. Frequently Asked Questions (Based on Technical Parameters)

Q: Can I drive this LED with 3.3V directly?
A: Not reliably. The typical V_Fis 3.1V, but it can be as high as 3.75V. A 3.3V supply may not overcome the maximum V_F, especially at low temperatures where V_Fincreases. Always use a current-limiting circuit set for 20mA.

Q: What is the difference between real and electrical thermal resistance?
A: Real thermal resistance (R_{th JS real}) is measured using a physical temperature sensor. Electrical thermal resistance (R_{th JS el}) is calculated using the LED's own forward voltage as a temperature-sensitive parameter. The latter is often lower. For conservative thermal design, use the higher (real) value of 120 K/W.

Q: How do I interpret the luminous intensity binning code?
A: The alphanumeric code (e.g., T1) corresponds to a specific millicandela range. You must specify the required bin when ordering to ensure brightness uniformity. The datasheet provides the full conversion table.

Q: Is this LED suitable for outdoor use?
A: The operating temperature range (-40°C to +110°C) suggests it can handle wide ambient swings. However, for direct outdoor exposure, consider additional protection against UV degradation of the lens and moisture ingress, which are not covered by the standard package.

. Practical Design Case Study

Scenario:Designing an automotive dashboard button backlight.
Requirements:Uniform blue illumination across 4 buttons, operating from a vehicle's 12V system, stable brightness over a -30°C to 85°C cabin temperature range.
Implementation:
1. LED Selection:Use four 65-11-UB0200L-AM LEDs, all from the same luminous intensity (e.g., T1) and wavelength (e.g., 6771) bins.
2. Circuit Design:Connect the LEDs in series with a current-limiting resistor. Calculate resistor value: R = (V_supply- 4 * V_F) / I_F. Using nominal 12V (vehicle), typical V_Fof 3.1V, and I_Fof 20mA: R = (12 - 12.4) / 0.02 = Negative value. This shows a series string of 4 is not feasible with 12V. Use 3 LEDs in series or, more commonly, each LED with its own resistor driven from a regulated 5V or 3.3V rail.
3. Thermal Consideration:At 85°C ambient, refer to derating curve. Ensure solder pad temperature is managed via PCB layout.
4. Optical Design:Use a light guide or diffuser film above the LEDs to blend the light from the four discrete sources into a uniform area behind each button symbol.

. Operating Principle Introduction

Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs) are semiconductor devices that emit light through electroluminescence. When a forward voltage is applied across the p-n junction, electrons from the n-type material recombine with holes from the p-type material in the active region. This recombination process releases energy in the form of photons (light). The specific wavelength (color) of the emitted light is determined by the energy bandgap of the semiconductor materials used. For blue LEDs, materials like indium gallium nitride (InGaN) are typically employed. The PLCC-2 package houses the tiny semiconductor chip, provides electrical connections via two leads, and incorporates a molded plastic lens that shapes the light output and protects the chip.

. Technology Trends

The trend in LEDs for automotive and industrial applications continues towards higher efficiency (more lumens per watt), improved reliability under harsh conditions, and smaller package sizes enabling denser and more flexible designs. There is also a growing emphasis on precise color control and tighter binning to meet the demands of applications like full-color displays and advanced human-machine interfaces. Furthermore, integration of control electronics (e.g., drivers, thermal sensors) within the LED package is an emerging trend, simplifying system design for the end user. The 65-11-UB0200L-AM represents a mature, reliable solution within this evolving landscape, balancing performance, cost, and proven reliability for its target markets.