Takardar Bayanin Fasaha na PLCC-2 LED Mai Launin Kankara - Nau'in Motoci - Kallon 120° - 355mcd @ 10mA - 3.0V

1. Bayyani Game da Samfur

Wannan takarda ta bayyana cikakkun ƙayyadaddun fasaha na ingantaccen LED mai launin kankara wanda aka ɗora a saman allo a cikin kunshin PLCC-2. An ƙera shi da farko don aikace-aikacen cikin mota masu ƙarfi, wannan ɓangaren ya haɗa ingantaccen aikin gani tare da ƙarfin gini wanda ya dace da yanayi masu tsauri. Babban fa'idodinsa sun haɗa da cancantar ma'aunin AEC-Q101 na kayan mota, bin ka'idojin muhalli na RoHS da REACH, da daidaitaccen sifofin haske da na lantarki. Kasuwar da aka yi niyya ita ce na'urorin lantarki na mota, musamman don hasken yanayi na ciki, hasken baya don maɓallai, alamomi, da sauran abubuwan hulɗar mutum da na'ura inda aminci da daidaitaccen launin fitarwa suke da muhimmanci.

2. Bincike Mai zurfi na Ma'auni na Fasaha

2.1 Halayen Hasken Gani da Na Lantarki

An ayyana ainihin aikin a ƙarƙashin daidaitaccen yanayin gwaji na 10mA na halin yanzu na gaba (IF). A wannan halin yanzu, matsakaicin ƙarfin haske shine 355 millicandelas (mcd), tare da mafi ƙarancin 140 mcd da matsakaicin 560 mcd bisa tsarin rarrabawa. Matsakaicin ƙarfin lantarki na gaba (VF) yana auna 3.00V, daga 2.75V zuwa 3.75V. Na'urar tana fitar da launin kankara, tare da daidaitattun ma'auni na launi na CIE 1931 na x=0.19 da y=0.25. Faɗin kusurwar kallo na digiri 120 yana tabbatar da kyakkyawan gani daga mahangar daban-daban. Ma'aunin ƙarfin haske yana da ƙimar kuskure na ±8%, kuma ƙimar kuskuren ma'aunin launi shine ±0.005.

2.2 Matsakaicin Ƙimar Ƙimar da Halayen Zafi

Don tabbatar da dogon lokacin aminci, ba za a iya aiki da na'urar fiye da matsakaicin ƙimar ƙimarta ba. Matsakaicin halin yanzu na ci gaba shine 20mA, tare da iyakar ɓarnawar wutar lantarki na 75mW. Zai iya jure halin yanzu na 300mA na bugun jini na ≤10μs a ƙaramin ma'auni. Zazzabin haɗin gwiwa (Tj) bai kamata ya wuce 125°C ba. An ƙayyade kewayon zafin aiki da ajiya daga -40°C zuwa +110°C, yana tabbatar da dacewarsa ga yanayin mota. An ba da ƙimar juriya na zafi guda biyu: na lantarki RthJS(el) na 125 K/W da na ainihi RthJS(real) na 200 K/W, waɗanda ke da mahimmanci ga sarrafa zafi a cikin ƙirar aikace-aikacen.

3. Bayanin Tsarin Rarrabawa

An rarraba fitarwar na'urar zuwa rukunoni don tabbatar da daidaito a cikin rukunin samarwa.

3.1 Rarrabawar Ƙarfin Hasken Gani

Cikakken tebur na rarrabawa ya ayyana ƙungiyoyi don ƙarfin haske, daga L1 (11.2-14 mcd) har zuwa GA (18000-22400 mcd). Takamaiman lambar ɓangaren da aka rufe a cikin wannan takardar bayanai, 57-11-IB0100L-AM, ya dace da rukunoni a cikin kewayon da aka haskaka a cikin tebur, tare da ƙimar al'ada na 355 mcd ya faɗi cikin rukunin T1 (280-355 mcd). Wannan yana ba masu ƙira damar zaɓar madaidaicin matakin haske don aikace-aikacensu.

3.2 Rarrabawar Launi

Takardar bayanai tana nufin daidaitaccen ginshiƙi na launin kankara (wakilcin hoto ba a cikakke ba a cikin rubutun da aka bayar). Wannan ginshiƙin zai ayyana ƙimar bambanci a cikin ma'auni na CIE x da y don tabbatar da cewa duk na'urorin da aka yiwa alama "Launin Kankara" sun faɗi cikin kewayon launi da ake yarda da shi ta fuskar gani. Matsakaicin ma'auni (0.19, 0.25) suna aiki azaman manufa ta al'ada a cikin wannan ƙayyadadden rukunin.

4. Bincike na Lankwasa Aiki

4.1 Halin Yanzu na Gaba vs. Ƙarfin Lantarki na Gaba (Lankwasa IV)

Jadawalin yana nuna alaƙa tsakanin halin yanzu na gaba (IF) da ƙarfin lantarki na gaba (VF) a 25°C. Lankwasa tana da halayyar diode, tana nuna haɓakar haɓakar halin yanzu da zarar ƙarfin lantarki na gaba ya wuce kofa (kusan 2.7V). Wannan bayanin yana da mahimmanci don ƙirar da'irar iyakance halin yanzu.

4.2 Matsakaicin Ƙarfin Hasken Gani vs. Halin Yanzu na Gaba

Wannan jadawalin yana nuna cewa fitarwar haske yana ƙaruwa tare da halin yanzu na gaba, amma ba lallai ba ne a cikin ingantaccen tsari na layi, musamman yayin da halin yanzu ya kusanci matsakaicin ƙima. Yana taimaka wa masu ƙira su fahimci cinikin inganci lokacin tuka LED a matakan halin yanzu daban-daban.

4.3 Matsakaicin Ƙarfin Hasken Gani vs. Zazzabin Haɗin gwiwa

Jadawali mai mahimmanci don aminci, yana nuna yadda fitarwar haske ke raguwa yayin da zazzabin haɗin gwiwa ya ƙaru. A matsakaicin ƙimar zazzabin haɗin gwiwa na 125°C, matsakaicin ƙarfin haske ya fi ƙasa sosai fiye da a 25°C. Wannan yana jaddada mahimmancin ingantaccen sarrafa zafi don kiyaye haske mai daidaito.

4.4 Canjin Launi vs. Zazzabi da Halin Yanzu

Jadawalai daban-daban suna nuna canjin ma'auni na CIE x da y akan duka zazzabin haɗin gwiwa da halin yanzu na gaba. Waɗannan canje-canje, ko da yake suna iya zama ƙanƙanta, suna da mahimmanci ga aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar daidaitaccen launi, saboda launin da ake gani na LED na iya canzawa tare da yanayin aiki.

4.5 Rage Halin Yanzu na Gaba da Sarrafa Bugun Jini

Lankwasa rage ƙimar tana ba da umarnin matsakaicin halin yanzu na ci gaba da aka yarda a matsayin aikin zafin fakitin solder. Misali, a matsakaicin zafin fakitin na 110°C, dole ne a rage halin yanzu zuwa 20mA. Jadawalin iyawar sarrafa bugun jini ya ayyana halin yanzu na ƙarar da aka yarda don faɗin bugun jini daban-daban da ma'auni, wanda ke da mahimmanci don jure halin yanzu ko tsare-tsaren aiki na bugun jini.

5. Bayanin Injiniya da Kunshi

Na'urar tana amfani da kunshin PLCC-2 (Plastic Leaded Chip Carrier) wanda aka ɗora a saman allo. Wannan nau'in kunshi yana ba da kyakkyawan kwanciyar hankali na injiniya da ƙaramin bayani. Takardar bayanai ta haɗa da cikakken zanen girma na injiniya (wanda aka ambata amma ba cikakke ba a cikin rubutun da aka bayar), wanda ke ƙayyade daidai tsayi, faɗi, tsayi, tazarar jagora, da sauran mahimman girma na zahiri da ake buƙata don ƙirar sawun PCB.

6. Jagororin Solder da Taro

6.1 Tsarin Fakitin Solder da Aka Shawarta

An ba da tsarin fakitin solder da aka ba da shawarar don tabbatar da samuwar haɗin solder daidai, haɗin lantarki mai aminci, da mafi kyawun ɓarkewar zafi yayin aiki. Bin wannan shimfidar yana da mahimmanci don yawan samarwa da aminci na dogon lokaci.

6.2 Bayanin Solder na Reflow

An ƙididdige ɓangaren don solder reflow tare da matsakaicin zafin jiki na 260°C na matsakaicin dakika 30. Yin bin daidaitaccen bayanin zafin jiki (dumi-dumi, jiƙa, sake kwarara, sanyaya) yana da mahimmanci don hana girgizar zafi da lalata LED ɗin ko kunshin.

7. Bayanin Kunshi da Oda

Ana samar da na'urar a cikin daidaitaccen kunshin masana'antu wanda ya dace da haɗa kai ta atomatik, kamar tef da reel. Lambar ɓangaren 57-11-IB0100L-AM tana bin takamaiman tsarin lamba inda "57-11" mai yiwuwa ke nuna iyali/girman kunshin, "IB" yana nuna launin kankara, "0100" na iya kasancewa da alaƙa da rarrabawar aiki, kuma "L-AM" zai iya ƙayyade nau'in kunshi ko wasu bambance-bambance. Sashen bayanin oda zai yi cikakken bayani game da adadin reel, faɗin tef, da alkibla.

8. Shawarwari na Aikace-aikace

8.1 Yanayin Aikace-aikace na Al'ada

Babban aikace-aikacen shine hasken cikin mota. Wannan ya haɗa da hasken baya na dashboard, hasken yanayi na ƙafar ƙafa ko kwamfutar hannu, hasken baya don maɓallan taɓawa na injina ko na ƙarfi, alamomin canza gear, da fitilun nuna matsayi daban-daban. Cancantar sa na AEC-Q101 ya sa ya dace da waɗannan yanayi masu tsauri, masu jujjuyawar zafin jiki.

8.2 Abubuwan da Ake La'akari da Ƙira

Tukin Halin Yanzu:Koyaushe yi amfani da direban halin yanzu mai tsayi ko resistor mai iyakance halin yanzu a jere tare da LED. Matsakaicin halin yanzu na tuƙi shine 10mA, amma ya kamata a ƙira da'irar don kada ta taɓa wuce matsakaicin matsakaicin 20mA a kowane yanayi, la'akari da jurewa da tasirin zafin jiki.

Gudanar da Zafi:Dole ne shimfidar PCB ta sauƙaƙe ɓarkewar zafi. Yi amfani da ƙirar fakitin solder da aka ba da shawarar, haɗa hanyoyin zafi zuwa jiragen ƙasa na ciki idan zai yiwu, kuma guji sanya LED kusa da wasu abubuwan da ke haifar da zafi. Kula da zafin fakitin solder don tsayawa cikin iyakokin lankwasa rage ƙimar.

Kariya ta ESD:Duk da yake na'urar tana da ƙimar ESD na Model na Jikin Mutum (HBM) na 8kV, har yanzu ana ba da shawarar matakan kula da ESD na daidaitattun yayin haɗawa. A cikin aikace-aikace masu mahimmanci, ƙarin kariya ta ESD na waje akan PCB na iya zama mai hikima.

Ƙirar Gani:Kusurwar kallo na 120° tana ba da fitarwa mai faɗi. Don haske mai mai da hankali, za a buƙaci na'urorin gani na biyu (ruwan tabarau, jagororin haske). Ya kamata a yi la'akari da ma'auni na launin kankara lokacin daidaitawa tare da jagororin haske ko masu watsawa don guje wa canjin launi da ba a so.

9. Kwatancen Fasaha da Bambance-bambance

Idan aka kwatanta da LED na PLCC-2 na gabaɗaya, babban abin da ya bambanta wannan na'urar shine cancantar sa na nau'in mota (AEC-Q101) da bin ka'idojin RoHS/REACH. Cikakken tsarin rarrabawa na duka ƙarfi da launi yana ba da mafi girman daidaito, wanda ke da mahimmanci a cikin motoci inda ake amfani da LED da yawa a kusa. Cikakken saitin lankwasa rage ƙimar da jadawalai na aiki a cikin zafin jiki yana ba da damar ƙira mai ƙarfi da hasashe fiye da sassan da aka ƙayyade kawai a zafin jiki na ɗaki.

10. Tambayoyin da Ake Yawan Yi (Dangane da Ma'auni na Fasaha)

Q: Zan iya tuka wannan LED a 20mA akai-akai?

A: Kuna iya, amma kawai idan an kiyaye zafin fakitin solder a ko ƙasa da 25°C, wanda sau da yawa ba shi da amfani. Dole ne ku tuntubi lankwasa rage ƙimar halin yanzu na gaba (Sashe na 4.5). A mafi zafin fakitin na gaske na 80°C, matsakaicin halin yanzu na ci gaba da aka yarda ya fi ƙasa sosai fiye da 20mA.

Q: Me ya sa ake ba da matsakaicin ƙarfin haske a 10mA, ba matsakaicin halin yanzu ba?

A: 10mA yana wakiltar daidaitaccen yanayin gwaji wanda ke daidaita kyakkyawan fitarwar haske tare da inganci da tsawon rai. Yin aiki a matsakaicin matsakaicin halin yanzu (20mA) yana ƙara damuwa, yana rage tsawon rai, kuma yana haifar da ƙarin zafi, wanda kuma yana rage fitarwar haske (kamar yadda aka gani a cikin jadawalin zafin jiki).

Q: Ta yaya zan fassara ƙimar juriya na zafi daban-daban guda biyu (125 K/W da 200 K/W)?

A: Juriya na zafi na lantarki (125 K/W) an samo shi daga ma'aunin lantarki mai mahimmanci na zafin jiki (ƙarfin lantarki na gaba). Ainihin juriya na zafi (200 K/W) ana auna shi kai tsaye ta hanyar hawan zafin jiki akan akwati. Don mafi munin ƙirar zafi, ya kamata a yi amfani da mafi girman ƙima (200 K/W).

Q: Ma'auni na launi suna canzawa tare da zafin jiki. Yaya mahimmanci wannan ga aikace-aikacena?

A: Jadawalai a cikin Sashe na 4.3 da 4.4 suna ƙididdige wannan canji. Ga yawancin aikace-aikacen nuni na gabaɗaya, canjin na iya zama ƙanƙanta. Koyaya, don aikace-aikacen inda daidaitaccen daidaitawar launi tsakanin LED da yawa ke da mahimmanci (misali, panel na baya na LED da yawa), dole ne ku tabbatar da cewa duk LED suna da irin wannan zafin jiki yayin aiki don kiyaye daidaiton launi.

11. Aikin Ƙira da Amfani na Aikace-aikace

Yanayi: Ƙirar Hasken Baya na Maɓalli na Mota.Gungun maɓallai huɗu akan kwamfutar hannu na tsakiya suna buƙatar hasken baya na kankara. Ƙirar tana buƙatar daidaitaccen haske da launi.Ai watar:1) Ƙayyade LED daga rukunin ƙarfi da launi iri ɗaya (misali, rukunin T1) don rage bambancin farko. 2) Tuka duk LED tare da tushen halin yanzu mai tsayi iri ɗaya da aka saita zuwa 8-10mA don tabbatar da daidaitattun yanayin tuƙi da tsawaita rayuwa. 3) Ƙirar shimfidar PCB don samar da daidaitaccen da isasshen zubar da tagulla a kusa da fakitin solder na kowane LED don daidaita ɓarkewar zafi. 4) Yi amfani da jagorar haske ko fim ɗin watsawa da aka ƙera don kusurwar kallo na 120° don haɗa haske daga tushe huɗu daban-daban zuwa yanki ɗaya mai haske mai daidaito. 5) Tabbatar da ƙirar a cikin cikakken kewayon zafin jiki na mota (-40°C zuwa +85°C na yanayi) don duba matakan da aka yarda na bambancin haske da canjin launi.

12. Gabatarwa da Ka'idar Aiki

Wannan diode ne mai fitar da haske na semiconductor (LED). Lokacin da aka yi amfani da ƙarfin lantarki na gaba wanda ya wuce ƙarfin bandgap ɗinsa a kan anode da cathode, electrons da ramuka suna sake haɗuwa a cikin yanki mai aiki na guntuwar semiconductor (yawanci bisa InGaN don launuka shuɗi/fari). Wannan tsarin sake haɗuwa yana sakin makamashi a cikin nau'in photons (haske). Takamaiman abun da ke cikin layukan semiconductor da phosphors (idan an yi amfani da su) yana ƙayyade tsawon zango, don haka launin, na hasken da aka fitar. Kunshin PLCC-2 yana ɗauke da ƙaramin guntuwar semiconductor, yana ba da kariya ta injiniya, ya haɗa da kofin mai nuna haske don jagorantar haske, kuma ya haɗa da ruwan tabarau na filastik da aka ƙera wanda ke siffanta katako da ƙayyade kusurwar kallo.

13. Trends na Fasaha da Mahallin

The LED industry continues to evolve towards higher efficiency (more lumens per watt), improved color rendering, and greater reliability. For automotive interiors, trends include the adoption of smaller package sizes (e.g., chip-scale packages), higher integration (LEDs with built-in drivers or controllers), and the use of advanced materials for better performance at high temperatures. There is also a growing emphasis on precise digital control of color and intensity for dynamic ambient lighting systems. This PLCC-2 LED represents a mature, well-understood, and highly reliable technology that forms the backbone of many current automotive lighting designs, balancing performance, cost, and proven field reliability.