Bayanin PLCC-2 LED Fari - 3.5x2.75x1.1mm - 3.12V - 0.238W - Takardar Fasaha ta Hausa

1. Duba Samfurin

Wannan takarda tana ba da cikakken bayanin fasaha na jerin fitilun LED masu haske fari a cikin marufin PLCC-2 (Plastic Leaded Chip Carrier) mai hawa a saman. An kera waɗannan LED ɗin ta amfani da guntu LED shuɗi da aka haɗa da rufin phosphor don samar da haske fari. An tsara su don amfanin haske na gabaɗaya da na nuni waɗanda ke buƙatar ingantaccen aiki da dacewa da tsarin haɗa kai ta atomatik.

1.1 Siffofi da Fa'idodi na Asali

Babban fa'idodin wannan jerin LED ya samo asali ne daga ƙirar marufinsa da halayen aiki:

• Marufi:Daidaitaccen marufin PLCC-2 yana tabbatar da dacewa da kewayon layukan haɗa SMT da hanyoyin gudanar da solder.
• Kusurwar Dubawa:Yana da faɗin kusurwar dubawa mai girman digiri 120 (na al'ada), yana ba da rarraba haske iri ɗaya.
• Abokantaka da Atomatik:Ana samar da shi akan tef da reel don haɗa kai cikin sauri (pick-and-place).
• Yin Biyayya da Muhalli:Samfurin ya bi ka'idojin RoHS, yana cika ka'idojin muhalli na duniya.
• Sarrafa Danshi:An rarraba shi da Matakin Hatsarin Danshi (MSL) na Mataki na 3, yana buƙatar takamaiman hanyoyin sarrafa da aka zayyana a sashin marufi.

1.2 Ayyukan Da Ake Nufi da Kasuwa

Waɗannan LED ɗin sun dace da nau'ikan haske na cikin gida da dalilai na nuni. Manyan wuraren aikace-aikace sun haɗa da:

• Alamomin yanayin gani akan na'urorin lantarki da allunan sarrafawa.
• Hasken baya don nunin bayanai na cikin gida da alamun kasuwa.
• Hasken gabaɗaya a cikin aikace-aikacen hasken bututu.
• Hasken ado ko aiki na gabaɗaya inda ake buƙatar haske fari.

Muhimmin Bayanin Kula:Takardar bayanan ta bayyana a sarari cewa wannan samfurinbai dace da aikace-aikacen igiyoyi masu sassauƙa ba. Masu ƙira dole su yi la'akari da ƙarfin injiniyan marufin PLCC-2.

2. Bincike Mai Zurfi na Sigogi na Fasaha

Wannan sashe yana ba da cikakken bincike na gaskiya game da mahimman sigogin aikin LED da aka auna a daidaitaccen yanayin gwaji na Ts=25°C.

2.1 Halayen Lantarki da Gani

Teburin da ke ƙasa yana taƙaita mahimman ma'auni na aiki don bambance-bambancen yanayin zafin launi (CCT) na samfurin. Duk ƙimomin ana auna su a cikin halin yanzu na gaba (IF) na 60mA.

Tebur: Halayen Lantarki & Gani (Ts=25°C)

• Ƙarfin Lantarki na Gaba (VF):Ya bambanta daga 3.0V (Mafi ƙanƙanta) zuwa 3.4V (Mafi girma), tare da ƙimar al'ada na 3.12V. Wannan siga yana da mahimmanci don ƙirar da'irar tuƙi don tabbatar da daidaitaccen ƙayyadaddun halin yanzu.
• Ƙarfin Hasken Hasken (Φ):Ya bambanta kaɗan ta bin CCT. Ga yawancin kwandon fari (E40, E50, A57, E65), ƙarfin hasken haske shine 26.5 lm (Typ) tare da kewayon 26-28 lm. Kwandon fari mai dumi (E30) yana da ƙaramin fitarwa na al'ada na 25.5 lm (kewayon 24-28 lm).
• Kusurwar Dubawa (2θ1/2):Digiri 120 (Na al'ada). Wannan yana ayyana faɗin kusurwar da ƙarfin haske ya faɗi zuwa rabin ƙimar kololuwar sa.
• Fihirisar Fitar Launi (CRI):Mafi ƙanƙanta 80, tare da ƙimar al'ada na 81.5. Wannan yana nuna ingantaccen ingancin fitar launi don haske na gabaɗaya.
• Juriya na Zafi (RθJ-S):55 °C/W (Na al'ada). Wannan shine juriya ga kwararar zafi daga haɗin semiconductor zuwa wurin solder. Siga ce mai mahimmanci don ƙirar sarrafa zafi.
• Halin Yanzu na Baya (IR):Matsakaicin 10 µA a ƙarfin lantarki na baya (VR) na 5V.

2.2 Matsakaicin Matsakaicin Ƙimar

Waɗannan ƙimar suna ayyana iyakokin damuwa waɗanda sama da su lalacewar dindindin na na'urar na iya faruwa. Ba a tabbatar da aiki a ko sama da waɗannan iyakokin ba.

• Rushewar Wutar Lantarki (PD):238 mW. Jimillar wutar lantarki da aka canza zuwa zafi da haske bai kamata ya wuce wannan ƙimar ba.
• Halin Yanzu na Gaba (IF):70 mA (Ci gaba).
• Kololuwar Halin Yanzu na Gaba (IFP):140 mA. Ana ba da izinin wannan kawai a ƙarƙashin yanayin bugun jini (1/10 aikin aiki, faɗin bugun jini 0.1ms).
• Ƙarfin Lantarki na Baya (VR):5 V. Wucewa wannan na iya haifar da rushewa.
• Zubar da Lantarki Mai Tsanani (ESD):2000 V (Samfurin Jikin Mutum). Duk da yake yawan amfanin ƙasa ya wuce 90% a wannan matakin, har yanzu ana buƙatar kariya daga ESD yayin sarrafawa.
• Kewayon Zafin Jiki:
  • Aiki (TOPR): -40°C zuwa +85°C.
  • Ajiya (TSTG): -40°C zuwa +100°C.
  • Haɗin gwiwa (TJ): 110°C (Matsakaicin). Dole ne a ƙididdige ainihin zafin haɗin gwiwa yayin aiki kuma a kiyaye shi ƙasa da wannan iyaka.

3. Bayanin Tsarin Rarrabuwa (Binning)

Ana rarraba LED ɗin bisa mahimman sigogi don tabbatar da daidaito a cikin rukunin samarwa. Wannan yana ba masu ƙira damar zaɓar sassa waɗanda suka cika takamaiman buƙatun aikace-aikace.

3.1 Rarrabuwar Ƙarfin Lantarki na Gaba da Ƙarfin Hasken Hasken

A IF=60mA, ana rarraba LED ɗin zuwa kwandon don ƙarfin lantarki na gaba (VF) da ƙarfin hasken haske (Φ).

• Kwandon Ƙarfin Lantarki na Gaba (H1, H2, I1, I2):Waɗannan suna wakiltar kewayon ƙarfin lantarki: 3.0-3.1V, 3.1-3.2V, 3.2-3.3V, da 3.3-3.4V bi da bi.
• Kwandon Ƙarfin Hasken Hasken (QIA):Wannan kwandon yayi daidai da kewayon ƙarfin hasken haske na lumen 26-28.

3.2 Rarrabuwar Yanayin Zafin Launi (CCT)

An ayyana hasken fari ta hanyar daidaitattun madaidaitan sa akan zanen CIE 1931. Takardar bayanan tana ba da takamaiman kwandon tare da iyakokin madaidaitan su (x1,y1 zuwa x4,y4) waɗanda suka samar da siffar huɗu a kan zanen.

• E30:Fari Mai Dumi (2780-3110K)
• E40:Fari Mai Tsaka-tsaki (3770-4330K)
• E50:Fari Mai Sanyi (4660-5360K)
• A57:Fari Mai Sanyi ANSI (5350-6050K)
• E65:Fari na Rana (6050-6950K)

Matsakaicin juriya na ma'auni don daidaitattun launi shine ±0.005.

4. Binciken Lanƙwasa Aiki

Bayanan hoto suna ba da haske game da halayen na'urar a ƙarƙashin yanayi daban-daban.

4.1 Ƙarfin Lantarki na Gaba vs. Halin Yanzu na Gaba (Lanƙwasa IV)

Lanƙwasa da aka bayar yana nuna alaƙa tsakanin ƙarfin lantarki na gaba (VF) da halin yanzu na gaba (IF). Lanƙwasa ne mara layi na al'ada na diode. Ƙarfin lantarki yana ƙaruwa tare da halin yanzu, kuma gangaren yana wakiltar juriya mai ƙarfi na LED. Masu ƙira suna amfani da wannan lanƙwasa don zaɓar ƙarfin lantarki/halin yanzu da ya dace don cimma haske da ake so yayin da suke cikin iyakokin wutar lantarki.

4.2 Dangantaccen Ƙarfin Hasken Hasken vs. Halin Yanzu na Gaba

Wannan lanƙwasa yana kwatanta yadda fitar haske (ƙarfi na dangi) ke canzawa tare da halin yanzu na gaba da aka yi amfani da shi. Yawanci, fitarwa yana ƙaruwa tare da halin yanzu amma yana iya cika ko zama ƙasa da inganci a halin yanzu mai yawa saboda tasirin zafi da faɗuwa. Wannan jadawalin yana da mahimmanci don tantance mafi kyawun halin yanzu na aiki don inganci da tsawon rai.

5. Bayanin Injiniya da Marufi

5.1 Girman Marufi da Zane-zane

LED yana cikin marufin PLCC-2. Manyan girma (duk a cikin milimita, juriya ±0.05mm sai an lura) sun haɗa da:

• Tsawon Gabaɗaya: 3.50 mm
• Faɗin Gabaɗaya: 2.75 mm
• Tsayin Gabaɗaya: 1.10 mm
• Girman Jagora: An ƙididdige takamaiman faɗin kushin da tazara a cikin zanen tsarin solder (Hoto 1-5).

5.2 Gano Halin Lantarki da Tsarin Solder

Alamar halin lantarki mai tsabta tana da mahimmanci don shigar daidai. An gano cathode (C, mara kyau) akan marufin. Takardar bayanan ta haɗa da shawarar tsarin ƙasan kushin solder (Hoto 1-5) don ƙirar PCB don tabbatar da samuwar haɗin solder daidai da kwanciyar hankali na injiniya yayin sake kwarara.

6. Jagororin Solder da Haɗa kai

6.1 Umarnin Solder na Sake Kwarara SMT

LED yana dacewa da duk daidaitattun hanyoyin haɗa SMT. Duk da haka, saboda matakin MSL Level 3, takamaiman kariya sun zama dole:

• Hatsarin Danshi:Bayan an buɗe jakar shinge na danshi da aka rufe, dole ne a ɗora abubuwan cikin sa'o'i 168 (kwanaki 7) lokacin da aka adana su a yanayin ≤30°C/60% RH.
• Gasasshen:Idan an wuce lokacin fallasa, dole ne a gasa abubuwan kafin amfani da su don cire danshin da aka sha kuma a hana "guguru" fashewa yayin sake kwarara. Matsakaicin bayanan gasasshen ya shafi (misali, 125°C na takamaiman lokaci).
• Bayanan Sake Kwarara:Ya kamata a yi amfani da daidaitaccen bayanan sake kwarara mara gubar (ko mai gubar) tare da matsakaicin zafin jiki bai wuce matsakaicin matsakaicin ƙimar na'urar ba (duba iyakokin zafin jiki na marufi da haɗin gwiwa). Dole ne a yi la'akari da girman zafin jiki na PCB da abubuwan.

6.2 Gargadi na Gabaɗaya na Sarrafawa

• Kauce wa damuwa na injiniya akan ruwan tabarau na LED da jagororin.
• Yi amfani da ayyuka masu aminci daga ESD yayin sarrafawa da haɗawa.
• Kada a taɓa ruwan tabarau da hannu bayyane don guje wa gurɓatawa.
• Ajiye a cikin ainihin marufin da ke hana danshi har lokacin da aka shirya don amfani.

7. Bayanin Marufi da Oda

7.1 Ƙayyadaddun Marufi

Ana samar da LED ɗin a cikin daidaitaccen marufin masana'antu don haɗa kai ta atomatik.

• Tef ɗin Mai ɗauka:An ƙididdige girma don tef ɗin mai ɗauka da aka zana wanda ke riƙe da LED ɗaiɗai, gami da girman aljihu, tazarar, da faɗin tef.
• Girman Reel:Ƙayyadaddun bayanai don reel da aka nannade tef ɗin mai ɗauka a kai, gami da diamita na reel da girman cibiya.
• Ƙayyadaddun Alamar:Tsarin alamar reel, wanda yawanci ya haɗa da lambar sashi, adadi, lambar kuri'a, da lambar kwanan wata.

7.2 Marufin da ke Hana Danshi da Akwatin

Ana sanya reels ɗin a cikin jakar shinge na danshi da aka rufe tare da desiccant da katin nuna danshi don kiyaye matakin MSL. Ana sanya waɗannan jakunkun a cikin akwatunan katako don jigilar kaya.

8. Abubuwan Ƙira na Aikace-aikace

8.1 Ƙirar Da'irar Tuƙi

Ganin halayen ƙarfin lantarki na gaba (VF typ. 3.12V, matsakaicin 3.4V a 60mA), ana ba da shawarar tuƙi na halin yanzu akai-akai fiye da tushen ƙarfin lantarki akai-akai. Wannan yana tabbatar da ingantaccen fitar haske kuma yana kare LED daga guduwar zafi. Ya kamata a tsara tuƙin don iyakance matsakaicin halin yanzu zuwa 70mA ci gaba.

8.2 Gudanar da Zafi

Tare da juriya na zafi na 55 °C/W, ingantaccen nutsewar zafi yana da mahimmanci, musamman lokacin aiki a halin yanzu mafi girma ko a cikin yanayin yanayi mai girma. Tsarin PCB ya kamata ya samar da isasshen yanki na tagulla (kushin zafi) da aka haɗa zuwa wuraren solder na LED don watsar da zafi. Matsakaicin zafin haɗin gwiwa (110°C) bai kamata a wuce shi ba. Ana iya ƙididdige ainihin zafin haɗin gwiwa ta amfani da dabarar: Tj = Ts + (RθJ-S * PD), inda Ts shine zafin wurin solder kuma PD shine rushewar wutar lantarki (VF * IF).

8.3 Ƙirar Gani

Kusurwar dubawa na digiri 120 tana sa waɗannan LED ɗin su dace da aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar faɗin haske mai watsewa maimakon hasken da aka mai da hankali. Don aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar ƙarin haske mai jagora, za a buƙaci na'urorin gani na biyu (ruwan tabarau).

9. Kwatancen Fasaha da Bambance-bambance

Duk da yake akwai PLCC-2 LED fari da yawa a kasuwa, wannan jerin ya bambanta kansa ta hanyar haɗa sigogi:

• Aiki Mai Daidaito:Yana ba da daidaitaccen daidaito na ƙarfin hasken haske (26-28 lm), CRI (>80), da faɗin kusurwar dubawa a daidaitaccen halin yanzu na tuƙi na 60mA.
• Cikakken Rarrabuwa (Binning):Cikakken bayanin ƙarfin lantarki, ƙarfin hasken haske, da rarrabuwar CCT da yawa suna ba masu ƙira damar zaɓar sassa don aikace-aikacen masu mahimmanci na launi da haske.
• Jagorar Aikace-aikace Bayyananne:Gargadin bayyananne game da amfani a cikin igiyoyi masu sassauƙa shine babban abin banbanta wanda ke hana gazawar filin saboda damuwa na injiniya.

10. Tambayoyin da ake yawan yi (Dangane da Sigogi na Fasaha)

10.1 Menene shawarar halin yanzu na aiki?

Takardar bayanan tana siffanta LED a IF=60mA, kuma wannan shine wurin aiki na al'ada. Matsakaicin matsakaicin halin yanzu na ci gaba shine 70mA. Don mafi kyawun tsawon rai da inganci, yin aiki a ko ƙasa da 60mA yana da kyau. Ya kamata a duba lanƙwasa aiki vs. halin yanzu don takamaiman buƙatun haske.

10.2 Ta yaya zan zaɓi daidaitaccen kwandon CCT?

Zaɓi kwandon CCT (E30, E40, E50, A57, E65) bisa ga "launi" da ake so na haske fari don aikace-aikacen ku—mai dumi (rawaya) zuwa mai sanyi (shuɗi). Kwandon daidaitattun madaidaitan launi suna tabbatar da daidaiton launi a cikin zaɓaɓɓen rukuni.

10.3 Zan iya tuƙa wannan LED da wutar lantarki 3.3V?

Haɗa kai kai tsaye zuwa tushen 3.3V yana da haɗari. Matsakaicin ƙarfin lantarki na gaba shine 3.12V, amma yana iya zama har zuwa 3.4V. Tushen 3.3V bazai iya kunna duk raka'o'i ba, musamman waɗanda ke cikin manyan kwandon VF, yana haifar da rashin daidaiton haske. Da'irar tuƙi na halin yanzu akai-akai ita ce mafita daidai.

10.4 Menene sakamakon wuce lokacin fallasa danshi?

Idan an wuce iyakar fallasa MSL Level 3 (sa'o'i 168) ba tare da gasasshen da ya dace ba, danshin da aka sha zai iya yin tururi cikin sauri yayin aikin solder na sake kwarara mai zafi. Wannan na iya haifar da rabuwar ciki ko fashewar "guguru" na marufin filastik, yana haifar da gazawa nan take ko a ɓoye.

11. Ƙira da Amfani na Aikace-aikace

Harka: Ƙirar Allon Nuna Matsayi

Injiniya yana ƙirar allon sarrafawa wanda ke buƙatar alamomin matsayi na fari masu haske da yawa iri ɗaya. Allon yana aiki a cikin yanayin cikin gida a zafin daki.

• Zaɓin Kayan aiki:An zaɓi wannan PLCC-2 LED saboda faɗin kusurwar dubawa (yana tabbatar da ganuwa daga kusurwoyi daban-daban), dacewar SMT (yana sauƙaƙa haɗawa), da ingantaccen haske.
• Ƙirar Da'ira:An tsara da'ira mai sauƙi na halin yanzu akai-akai ta amfani da resistor mai iyakance halin yanzu a jere tare da mai sarrafa ƙarfin lantarki. An ƙididdige ƙimar resistor bisa ga ƙarfin wutar lantarki (misali, 5V), halin yanzu da ake nufi (60mA), da matsakaicin VF da ake tsammani (3.4V): R = (Vsupply - VF_max) / IF = (5 - 3.4) / 0.06 ≈ 26.7Ω. An zaɓi resistor 27Ω.
• Gudanar da Zafi:Tun da allon yana aiki a ƙaramin aikin aiki da zafin yanayi, kuma wutar lantarki kowace LED tana da ƙasa (~0.2W), daidaitaccen zubar da tagulla na PCB ya isa don watsar da zafi. An tabbatar da zafin haɗin gwiwa yana cikin iyakoki sosai.
• Sakamako:Samfurin ƙarshe yana da alamomi masu dogaro, masu haske akai-akai waɗanda ke da sauƙin kera su da yawa.

12. Ƙa'idar Aiki

Wannan LED fari yana aiki bisa ka'idar canza phosphor. Babban abin da ke ciki shine guntu semiconductor wanda ke fitar da haske shuɗi lokacin da halin yanzu na lantarki ya wuce ta cikinsa (electroluminescence). Ana karkatar da wannan hasken shuɗi zuwa kan wani Layer na kayan phosphor da aka ajiye a cikin marufin. Phosphor yana sha wani ɓangare na hasken shuɗi kuma yana sake fitar da shi azaman haske mai tsayin raƙuman ruwa (rawaya, ja). Haɗin sauran hasken shuɗi da hasken rawaya/ja da aka canza idon ɗan adam yana ganinsa azaman haske fari. Takamaiman haɗuwar phosphors yana ƙayyade yanayin zafin launi (CCT) da fihirisar fitar launi (CRI) na hasken fari da aka fitar.

13. Trends na Fasaha

Gabaɗayan yanayin fasahar SMD LED, gami da na'urori irin wannan nau'in PLCC-2, yana ci gaba da mai da hankali kan manyan wurare da yawa:

• Ƙara Ingantaccen Aiki (lm/W):Ci gaba da inganta ƙirar guntu, ingancin phosphor, da gine-ginen marufi suna nufin samar da ƙarin fitar haske (lumens) don wannan wutar lantarki na shigarwa (watts).
• Ingantaccen Ingancin Launi da Daidaito:Ci gaba a cikin fasahar phosphor da ƙarin matsananciyar hanyoyin rarrabuwa suna haifar da ƙimar CRI mafi girma da mafi ingantaccen sarrafa wurin launi, suna cika buƙatun aikace-aikacen haske masu inganci.
• Ƙarfafa Dogaro da Tsawon Rayuwa:Bincike akan mafi kyawun kayan marufi, hanyoyin haɗa mutuwa, da sarrafa zafi yana tsawaita tsawon rayuwar aiki kuma yana kiyaye fitar haske akan lokaci (kula da lumen).
• Ƙananan Girma da Haɗawa:Duk da yake PLCC-2 ya kasance daidaitaccen, akwai yanayin zuwa ƙananan ƙafafun marufi da ƙirar ƙirar guntu (CSP) don aikace-aikacen da ke da ƙarancin sarari, da kuma haɗaɗɗun modules waɗanda suka haɗa da LED da yawa da tuƙi.