Bayanin Fasaha na LED Mai Launin Raya a cikin Kunshin PLCC-2 - Girman Kunshi 3.2x2.8x1.9mm - Ƙarfin Wutar Lantarki 2.0V - Ƙarfin Wutar Lantarki 0.04W - Takardun Fasaha na Turanci

1. Bayanin Samfurin Gabaɗaya

Wannan takarda ta bayyana cikakkun bayanai game da LED mai launin raya mai ƙarfin haske, wanda aka haɗa a cikin kunshin PLCC-2 (Plastic Leaded Chip Carrier). An ƙera wannan na'urar don ingantaccen aiki da dogon rayuwa a cikin yanayi masu ƙarfi, tare da ƙaramin girma wanda ya dace da tsarin haɗawa ta atomatik. Babban aikace-aikacensa shi ne hasken cikin mota, ciki har da na'urori masu nuna bayanai, inda daidaiton launi da kwanciyar hankali na dogon lokaci suke da muhimmanci.

1.1 Siffofi na Asali da Kasuwar Da Ake Nufi

Halayen LED ɗin sun sa ya dace da wasu aikace-aikace na masana'antu da na mabukaci. Nau'in kunshin yana tabbatar da dacewa da layukan samarwa na SMT (Surface Mount Technology). Launin raya, wanda aka ayyana ta hanyar tsayin raƙuman ruwa, ana samunsa ta hanyar amfani da kayan semiconductor na musamman. Matsakaicin ƙarfin haske na 1120 millicandelas (mcd) a daidai ƙarfin lantarki na 20mA yana ba da isasshen haske don nuna alama da hasken baya. Faɗin kusurwar kallo na digiri 120 yana tabbatar da kyakkyawar gani daga kusurwoyi daban-daban. Bin ka'idar ingancin mota ta AEC-Q101 wani muhimmin bambance-bambance ne, wanda ke nuna gwaje-gwaje masu tsauri game da jujjuyawar zafin jiki, juriyar ɗanɗano, da kwanciyar hankali na aiki na dogon lokaci, wanda ya sa ya dace da yanayi mai tsanani a cikin motoci. Bin ka'idojin RoHS (Ƙuntata Abubuwa Masu Hadari) da REACH yana tabbatar da bin ka'idojin muhalli don kasuwannin duniya.

2. Bincike Mai Zurfi na Sigogi na Fasaha

Fahimtar cikakkiyar sigogi na lantarki, na gani, da na zafi yana da muhimmanci don ƙirar da'ira mai kyau da aiki mai aminci.

2.1 Halayen Lantarki da na Gani

Matsakaicin ƙarfin lantarki na gaba (VF) yana da ƙimar 2.0V, kuma matsakaicin sa yana kaiwa 2.75V a daidai ƙarfin lantarki na gwaji na 20mA. Wannan siga yana da muhimmanci wajen tantance ƙimar resistor mai iyakancewa a cikin da'ira mai jere. Matsakaicin ƙarfin lantarki na gaba shine 50mA don aikin DC, tare da ƙimar ƙarfin lantarki na gaggawa na 100mA don ɗan gajeren lokaci (≤10μs). Ba a ƙera na'urar don aiki a baya ba. An ayyana ƙarfin haske (IV) tare da mafi ƙanƙanta na 710 mcd, matsakaicin na 1120 mcd, da matsakaicin na 1400 mcd a 20mA, wanda ke nuna yadda ake tsammanin aikin. Tsayin raƙuman ruwa (λd) yana ayyana launin raya, wanda ya kewayo daga 585nm zuwa 594nm, kuma matsakaicin sa yana kusa da 590nm.

2.2 Matsakaicin Ƙimar Zafi da Cikakke

Kula da zafi yana da muhimmanci ga dogon rayuwar LED. Juriyar zafi daga haɗin gwiwa zuwa wurin gyaɗa an ayyana shi azaman 160 K/W (na gaske) da 125 K/W (na lantarki), wanda ke nuna yadda ake kawar da zafi daga cikin semiconductor. Matsakaicin zafin jiki (Tj) da aka yarda shine 125°C. Kewayon zafin aiki yana daga -40°C zuwa +110°C, wanda ya dace da yanayin ƙarƙashin mota. Na'urar na iya jurewa matsakaicin zafin gyaɗa na 260°C na dakika 30, wanda ya yi daidai da tsarin gyaɗa mara gubar. Haka kuma tana da ƙimar hankali na ESD (Electrostatic Discharge) na 2kV (Tsarin Jikin Mutum), wanda ke buƙatar matakan kariya na ESD yayin haɗawa.

3. Bincike na Lankwasa Aiki

Jadawalin da aka bayar yana ba da haske game da halayen LED a ƙarƙashin yanayi daban-daban, wanda ke da muhimmanci don ƙira mai ƙarfi.

3.1 Dogaro da Ƙarfin Lantarki, Ƙarfin Wutar Lantarki, da Zafin Jiki

Jadawalin Ƙarfin Lantarki na Gaba da Ƙarfin Wutar Lantarki na Gaba yana nuna alaƙar IV mai yawa kamar yadda diode ke yi. Lankwasa Ƙarfin Haske Mai Dangantaka da Ƙarfin Lantarki na Gaba yana nuna cewa fitar da haske yana ƙaruwa tare da ƙarfin lantarki amma yana iya zama ƙasa da layi a ƙarfin lantarki mafi girma saboda tasirin zafi. Jadawalin Tsayin Raƙuman Ruwa Mai Girma da Ƙarfin Lantarki na Gaba yana nuna ƙaramin canji tare da ƙarfin lantarki, wanda ke nuna kyakkyawar kwanciyar hankali na launi. Jadawalin Matsakaicin Ƙarfin Wutar Lantarki na Gaba da Zafin Jiki yana da ƙimar mara kyau, ma'ana VF yana raguwa yayin da zafin jiki ya ƙaru, wanda za'a iya amfani dashi don jin zafin jiki kai tsaye. Jadawalin Ƙarfin Haske Mai Dangantaka da Zafin Jiki yana nuna raguwar fitar da haske kamar yadda zafin jiki ya tashi, wani muhimmin abu ne don ƙirar zafi. Canjin Tsayin Raƙuman Ruwa Mai Dangantaka da Zafin Jiki yana nuna yadda launin raya zai iya ɗan canzawa tare da zafin jiki.

3.2 Ragewa da Aikin Bugun Jini

Lankwasa Rage Ƙarfin Lantarki na Gaba yana da muhimmanci don tantance matsakaicin ƙarfin lantarki mai aminci a lokacin da yanayin yanayi ko zafin gyaɗa ya tashi. Misali, a zafin gyaɗa (Ts) na 110°C, matsakaicin ƙarfin lantarki na gaba da aka yarda yana raguwa zuwa 35mA. Jadawalin Ƙarfin Bugun Jini da Aka Yardar da shi yana ayyana matsakaicin ƙarfin lantarki (IF) da aka yarda don wani faɗin bugun jini (tp) da tsarin aiki (D), mai amfani don haɗawa ko PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) aikace-aikacen duhu ba tare da yin zafi mai yawa ba.

4. Bayanin Tsarin Rarraba

Don tabbatar da daidaito a cikin samarwa mai yawa, ana rarraba LED ɗin zuwa rukunoni na aiki.

4.1 Rarraba Ƙarfin Haske

An rarraba ƙarfin haske zuwa rukunoni na haruffa da lambobi (misali, L1, L2, M1... har zuwa GA). Kowane rukuni ya ƙunshi takamaiman kewayon mafi ƙanƙanta da matsakaicin ƙarfin haske a cikin millicandelas (mcd). Don wannan lambar sashi ta musamman, matsakaicin fitarwa na 1120 mcd ya faɗo cikin rukunin \"AA\" (1120-1400 mcd). Masu ƙira za su iya ƙayyade lambar rukuni don tabbatar da mafi ƙarancin matakin haske don aikace-aikacensu.

4.2 Rarraba Tsayin Raƙuman Ruwa Mai Girma

Tsayin raƙuman ruwa mai girma, wanda ke ayyana daidaitaccen inuwar raya, shima ana rarraba shi ta amfani da lambobin lambobi (misali, 9194, 9497). Rukunin \"9194\" ya ƙunshi kewayon daga 591nm zuwa 594nm. Matsakaicin ƙimar 590nm don wannan sashi yana nuna cewa yana iya faɗowa cikin rukunin \"8891\" (588-591nm) ko \"9194\". Ƙayyadaddun rukunin tsayin raƙuman ruwa mai ƙarfi yana tabbatar da daidaiton launi a cikin LED ɗin da yawa a cikin nuni ko tsarin haske.

5. Injiniya, Haɗawa, da Kunshi

5.1 Girman Jiki da Polarity

Kunshin PLCC-2 yana da ƙafar ƙafa ta yau da kullun. Zanen injiniya (wanda aka nuna ta hanyar nuni ga sashe) zai nuna tsayi, faɗi, da tsayi (yawanci kusan 3.2mm x 2.8mm x 1.9mm), da kuma tazarar jagora. Kunshin ya haɗa da mai nuna polarity, yawanci notch ko kusurwa mai siffa, don gano cathode. An ba da shimfidar gyaɗa da aka ba da shawarar don tabbatar da haɗin gyaɗa mai aminci da kuma kawar da zafi mai kyau yayin sake kwarara.

5.2 Jagororin Gyaɗa da Sarrafawa

Bayanan gyaɗa na sake kwarara yana ƙayyadaddun mahimman sigogi: dumama kafin, jiƙa, kololuwar sake kwarara (260°C matsakaici), da ƙimar sanyaya don hana girgizar zafi ga kayan. Abubuwan kariya don amfani sun haɗa da kariya ta ESD ta yau da kullun, guje wa matsin lamba na injiniya akan ruwan tabarau, da kuma rashin wuce matsakaicin ƙimar cikakke. Ana ba da shawarar yanayin ajiya mai kyau (a cikin takamaiman kewayon zafin jiki -40°C zuwa +110°C da ƙarancin ɗanɗano) don adana iya gyaɗa da aiki.

5.3 Bayanin Kunshi da Oda

Ana ba da LED ɗin a cikin kunshin tef da reel wanda ya dace da injunan ɗauka da sanyawa ta atomatik. Sashen bayanan kunshi yana ƙididdige girman reel, faɗin tef, tazarar aljihu, da kuma alkibla. Tsarin lambar sashi (misali, 67-21-UY0200H-AM) yana ɓoye mahimman halaye kamar launi (Y don Raya), kunshi, da kuma yuwuwar rukunoni na aiki. Bayanin oda yana bayyana yadda ake ƙayyade adadi, nau'in kunshi, da kuma duk wani buƙatu na musamman na rarraba.

6. Bayanan Aikace-aikace da Abubuwan Ƙira

6.1 Da'irorin Aikace-aikace na Yau da Kullun

A cikin da'irar tuƙi ta DC na yau da kullun, resistor mai iyakancewa ƙarfin lantarki ya zama dole. Ana ƙididdige ƙimar resistor (R) ta amfani da Dokar Ohm: R = (Vsupply - VF) / IF. Don wadata 5V da kuma nufin IF=20mA tare da VF=2.0V, R = (5V - 2.0V) / 0.02A = 150 Ohms. Matsakaicin ƙarfin wutar lantarki na resistor ya kamata ya zama aƙalla PR = (Vsupply - VF) * IF = 0.06W; resistor 1/8W ko 1/4W ya dace. Don aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar sarrafa haske ko haɗawa, PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) ita ce hanyar da aka fi so fiye da duhun ƙarfin lantarki na analog, saboda yana kiyaye daidaiton launi.

6.2 Gudanar da Zafi a cikin Ƙira

Duk da ƙarancin amfani da wutar lantarki (~40mW a 20mA), ingantaccen zafin zafi yana da muhimmanci don kiyaye aiki da dogon rayuwa, musamman a cikin yanayin zafi mai girma ko wuraren da aka rufe. Hanyar zafi tana daga haɗin gwiwa, ta cikin kunshi, zuwa gyaɗa, kuma a cikin allon da'ira (PCB). Yin amfani da PCB tare da ramukan zafi a ƙarƙashin gyaɗan zafin LED wanda aka haɗa zuwa filin ƙasa yana inganta kawar da zafi sosai, yana rage zafin haɗin gwiwa, kuma yana taimakawa wajen ci gaba da fitar da haske mafi girma.

6.3 Ƙira don Amincin Motoci

Don tarin motoci ko hasken ciki, yi la'akari da waɗannan: Yi amfani da ƙarfin lantarki masu aiki da aka rage (misali, 15-18mA maimakon 20mA) don haɓaka dogon rayuwa da rage matsin lamba na zafi. Tabbatar cewa shimfidar PCB tana rage inductance da capacitance a cikin layukan tuƙi. Aiwatar da da'irorin kariya daga zubar da kaya da sauran canje-canjen lantarki na mota idan ana tuƙi LED kai tsaye ta hanyar bas ɗin wutar lantarki na mota. Tabbatar cewa zaɓaɓɓun lambobin rukuni don ƙarfi da tsayin raƙuman ruwa sun cika buƙatun kayan kwalliya da aiki na samfurin ƙarshe a ƙarƙashin duk takamaiman yanayin aiki.

7. Kwatancen Fasaha da Trends

7.1 Ka'idar Aiki

LED (Light Emitting Diode) na'urar haɗin gwiwar semiconductor p-n ce. Lokacin da aka yi amfani da ƙarfin wutar lantarki na gaba, electrons da ramuka suna sake haɗuwa a cikin yanki mai aiki, suna sakin makamashi a cikin nau'in photons (haske). Launin haske yana ƙaddara ta hanyar makamashin bandgap na kayan semiconductor da aka yi amfani da su a cikin Layer mai aiki. LED ɗin raya yawanci sun dogara ne akan kayan kamar Aluminum Gallium Indium Phosphide (AlGaInP). Kunshin PLCC ya haɗa da kogon nuna haske da ruwan tabarau na epoxy wanda ke siffanta fitar da haske kuma yana ba da kariya ga muhalli.

7.2 Mahallin Masana'antu da Ci gaba

Kunshin PLCC-2 yana wakiltar siffa mai girma kuma an karɓe shi sosai a cikin masana'antar LED, yana ba da daidaiton girman, farashi, da aikin gani. Manyan abubuwan da ke faruwa a fasahar LED masu dacewa da irin waɗannan abubuwan sun haɗa da ci gaba mai ci gaba na ingantaccen haske (ƙarin fitar da haske a kowace watt na shigar da lantarki), ingantaccen kwanciyar hankali na launi akan zafin jiki da rayuwa, da haɓaka girman kunshi mafi ƙanƙanta tare da kiyayewa ko ingantaccen ƙarfin gani. Ƙoƙarin samun ingantaccen aminci da cancanta zuwa ƙa'idodi masu tsauri kamar AEC-Q101 yana ci gaba da zama babban abin da ake mayar da hankali, musamman ga kasuwannin motoci da masana'antu.