Bayanin PLCC4 Green LED - Girman 3.50x2.80x3.25mm - Ƙarfin Lantarki 2.8-3.5V - Ƙarfin Watsi 0.245W - Takardun Fasaha

1. Bayanin Samfur

Wannan takarda tana ba da cikakken bayanin fasaha na diode mai fitar da haske kore (LED) a cikin fakit PLCC4 (Plastic Leaded Chip Carrier) mai haɗawa ta saman. An ƙera na'urar ta amfani da fasahar semiconductor InGaN (Indium Gallium Nitride) akan substrate, wanda shine ma'auni na masana'antu don samar da LED kore mai haske sosai. Manufofin tsarinta na farko su ne aminci da dacewa da hanyoyin haɗawa ta atomatik, wanda ya sa ya dace da yanayin samarwa mai yawa.

1.1 Fa'idodi na Asali da Kasuwa da Ake Nufi

Fa'idodin asali na wannan LED sun samo asali ne daga tsarinsa na musamman da sigogin aiki. Fakit PLCC4 yana ba da gida mai ƙarfi kuma amintacce wanda ke kare die ɗin semiconductor yayin da yake ba da ingantaccen aikin zafi da na lantarki. Faɗin kallon da ba a iya gani ba, yawanci digiri 60, yana tabbatar da rarraba haske daidai, wanda yake da muhimmanci ga aikace-aikacen nuni da haskakawa. Bin ka'idojin gwajin matsin lamba na AEC-Q101 yana nuna mayar da hankali kan tsarin amincin mota, wanda ke nuna dacewa da yanayin da ke da ƙaƙƙarfan buƙatun dorewa. Kasuwannin da ake nufi su ne hasken ciki na mota, kamar hasken baya na dashboard, hasken maɓalli, da hasken yanayi, da kuma alamomin gabaɗaya a cikin na'urorin lantarki na mabukaci da sarrafa masana'antu inda ake buƙatar nuni kore.

2. Binciken Sigogi na Fasaha

Fassarar zurfi da haƙiƙa ta sigogin lantarki, na gani, da na zafi yana da mahimmanci don tsarin da'ira da aikace-aikace daidai.

2.1 Halayen Hoto da Na Lantarki

Ana ƙayyade mahimman sigogin aiki a yanayin zafi na junction (Ts) na 25°C. Ƙarfin lantarki na gaba (V_F) yana farawa daga mafi ƙanƙanta na 2.8V zuwa mafi girma na 3.5V, tare da ƙimar yau da kullun na 3.2V lokacin da ake tafiyar da shi a cikin ƙarfin lantarki na gaba (I_F) na 50mA. Wannan kewayon ƙarfin lantarki yana da mahimmanci don ƙirar da'irar iyakancewar ƙarfin lantarki. Ƙarfin haske (I_V) yana da girma sosai, yana farawa daga 10,000 zuwa 18,000 millicandelas (mcd) a daidai gwargwadon gwajin ƙarfin lantarki. Wannan babban haske yana ba da damar LED ta kasance bayyane ko da a cikin yanayin da aka haskaka da kyau. Tsayin raƙuman ruwa na rinjaye (W_d) yana ƙayyade launin hasken da ake gani, yana farawa daga 515 nm zuwa 525 nm, wanda ya faɗi cikin yanki kore na bakan gani. Kusurwar kallo (2θ_1/2) shine digiri 60, wanda aka ayyana shi azaman cikakken kusurwar da ƙarfin haske ya kasance rabin ƙimar a digiri 0 (a kan axis).

2.2 Matsakaicin Ƙididdiga Cikakke da Ragewa

Waɗannan su ne iyakokin matsin lamba waɗanda sama da su za a iya haifar da lalacewa na dindindin ga na'urar. Matsakaicin ci gaba da ƙarfin lantarki na gaba (I_F) shine 70 mA. Duk da haka, yanayin aiki da aka ba da shawarar shine 50 mA, yana ba da tazarar aminci. Kololuwar ƙarfin lantarki na gaba (I_FP) shine 100 mA, amma ana ƙayyade wannan don aikin bugun jini kawai (tare da 1/10 aikin aiki da faɗin bugun jini na 10ms kamar yadda aka lura). Matsakaicin ƙarfin watsi (P_D) shine 245 mW. Wannan siga ce mai mahimmanci don sarrafa zafi; ana ƙididdige ainihin ƙarfin watsi kamar V_F* I_F. Misali, a yanayin V_Fna 3.2V da I_Fna 50mA, ƙarfin shine 160 mW, wanda yana cikin iyaka. Ƙarfin lantarki na baya (V_R) an iyakance shi zuwa 5V, yana nuna LED tana da iyakacin kariya ta baya kuma ya kamata a kiyaye ta a cikin da'irori inda jujjuyawar ƙarfin lantarki zai yiwu. Kewayon zafi na aiki da adanawa daga -40°C zuwa +100°C, yana tabbatar da dacewarsa da yanayin mota mai tsanani. Matsakaicin zafi na junction (T_J) shine 120°C.

2.3 Halayen Zafi da Gudanarwa

Juriya na zafi daga junction zuwa wurin solder (R_θJ-S) an ƙayyade shi azaman matsakaicin 130 K/W. Wannan siga tana ƙididdige yadda zafin da aka samar a junction na semiconductor ke canzawa zuwa PCB ta hanyar kushin solder. Ƙimar ƙasa tana nuna mafi kyawun rage zafi. Don hana zafi sosai, dole ne a kiyaye zafin junction ƙasa da 120°C. Dole ne masu ƙira su ƙididdige haɓakar zafin junction da ake tsammani ta amfani da dabara: ΔT_J= P_D* R_θJ-S. Yankin tagulla na PCB wanda ya isa (ƙirar kushin zafi) da yiwuwar iska suna da mahimmanci don kiyaye yanayin aiki mai aminci, musamman lokacin tafiyar da LED a ko kusa da matsakaicin ƙarfin lantarkinsa.

3. Bayanin Tsarin Binning

Ana rarraba samfurin zuwa kwandon bin bisa mahimman sigogi don tabbatar da daidaito a cikin aikace-aikace. Wannan yana ba masu ƙira damar zaɓar LED tare da ƙaƙƙarfan juriya na aiki don bukatunsu na musamman.

3.1 Binning na Ƙarfin Lantarki na Gaba (V_F)

Ana rarraba ƙarfin lantarki na gaba cikin matakan 0.1V a cikin kewayon daga 2.8V zuwa 3.5V. Ana yiwa kwandon bin lakabi da G1 (2.8-2.9V), G2 (2.9-3.0V), H1 (3.0-3.1V), H2 (3.1-3.2V), I1 (3.2-3.3V), I2 (3.3-3.4V), da J1 (3.4-3.5V). Amfani da LED daga kwandon bin V_Fdaidai a cikin tsararrun layi-daya yana taimakawa tabbatar da raba ƙarfin lantarki ya fi daidaito.

3.2 Binning na Ƙarfin Hasken (I_V)

Ana rarraba ƙarfin haske zuwa kwandon bin guda uku: R1 (10,000-12,000 mcd), R2 (12,000-15,000 mcd), da S1 (15,000-18,000 mcd). Wannan yana ba da damar daidaita haske a cikin jerin LED da yawa, yana hana bambance-bambance a cikin fitar da haske.

3.3 Binning na Tsayin Raƙuman Ruwa na Rinjaye (W_d)

Tsayin raƙuman ruwa na rinjaye, wanda ke ayyana launin launi, an rarraba shi zuwa kewayon huɗu: D1 (515-517.5 nm), D2 (517.5-520 nm), E1 (520-522.5 nm), da E2 (522.5-525 nm). Wannan ƙaƙƙarfan binning yana tabbatar da daidaitaccen bayyanar launin kore, wanda yake da mahimmanci ga aikace-aikacen kayan ado.

4. Binciken Lankwasa Aiki

Yayin da PDF ɗin ke ba da lankwasa na yau da kullun na ƙarfin lantarki na gaba da ƙarfin lantarki na gaba (IV), za'a iya fahimta wasu halaye daga bayanan da aka bayar.

4.1 Lankwasa Halayen IV (Ƙarfin Lantarki-Ƙarfin Lantarki)

Lankwasa da aka bayar (Fig. 1-7) a hoto yana nuna alaƙa tsakanin ƙarfin lantarki na gaba da ƙarfin lantarki na gaba. Zai nuna halayen yau da kullun na diode. Lankwasa yana da mahimmanci don fahimtar juriya mai ƙarfi na LED da kuma ƙirar da'irorin tuki masu inganci. Ƙayyadaddun V_Fa 50mA yana ba da takamaiman wurin aiki akan wannan lankwasa.

4.2 Dogaro da Yanayin Zafi na Sigogi

Ko da yake ba a fayyace shi a hoto ba, halayen asali ne na LED cewa ƙarfin lantarki na gaba yana raguwa tare da haɓaka zafin junction (yawanci -2 mV/°C don InGaN). Akasin haka, fitar da haske gabaɗaya yana raguwa yayin da zafin ya tashi. Faɗin yanayin aiki (-40°C zuwa +100°C) yana nuna an ƙera na'urar don rage lalacewar aiki a cikin wannan faɗin, amma masu ƙira ya kamata su yi la'akari da rage fitar da haske a yanayin zafi mai girma.

4.3 Rarraba Bakan

Ƙayyadaddun tsayin raƙuman ruwa na rinjaye (515-525 nm) yana nuna ƙanƙantar kololuwar bakan a yankin kore. Faɗin bakan (ba a ƙayyade ba) yana rinjayar tsabtar launi. Don LED kore InGaN, bakan yawanci ya fi ƙanƙanta fiye da LED farar da aka canza da phosphor, wanda ke haifar da launin kore mai cikakken cikawa.

5. Bayanin Injiniya da Fakit

Madaidaicin girma na jiki yana da mahimmanci don ƙirar sawun PCB da haɗawa.

5.1 Girman Fakit da Juriya

Girman fakit gabaɗaya shine 3.50 mm tsawon, 2.80 mm faɗi, da 3.25 mm tsayi. Duk juriyoyin girma ±0.2 mm sai dai idan an lura daban. Hotunan sun nuna duban sama, duban gefe, da duban ƙasa, suna ba da cikakken bayani game da siffar ruwan tabarau, matsayin leadframe, da girma gabaɗaya.

5.2 Ƙirar Kushin Solder da aka Ba da Shawara da Gano Polarity

An ba da tsarin solder (Fig. 1-5) azaman jagora don ƙirar ƙirar ƙasa ta PCB. Bin wannan shawarar yana tabbatar da samuwar haɗin solder daidai da kwanciyar hankali na injiniya yayin reflow. Duban ƙasa (Fig. 1-3) da zanen polarity (Fig. 1-4) suna nuna haɗin anode da cathode a fili. Fakit yawanci yana da notch ɗin da aka ƙera ko kusurwar cathode da aka yiwa alama don ganin polarity yayin sanyawa.

6. Jagororin Solder da Haɗawa

6.1 Umarnin Solder Reflow SMT

Na'urar ta dace da duk daidaitattun hanyoyin haɗawa da solder na SMT. Matakin hankalin danshi (MSL) an ƙididdige shi azaman Mataki na 2. Wannan yana nuna cewa an rufe na'urorin da aka tattara a cikin jakar da ke hana danshi tare da desiccant kuma suna da rayuwar bene na shekara 1 a ≤ 30°C / 60% danshin yanayi (RH) bayan an buɗe jakar. Don solder reflow, yana da mahimmanci a bi shafin reflow da aka ba da shawarar wanda ya dace da girmamin zafin fakit da haɗawar PCB. Dole ne a sarrafa kololuwar zafi da lokacin sama da ruwa don guje wa lalata ruwan tabarau na LED ko haɗin waya na ciki. Ana iya buƙatar pre-baking idan lokacin bayyanawa ya wuce iyakokin MSL Mataki na 2.

6.2 Precautions na Sarrafawa da Adanawa

Kariyar fitar da tsaye tana da mahimmanci. Model ɗin Jikin Mutum (HBM) electrostatic discharge (ESD) juriya ƙarfin lantarki shine 2000V. Yayin da wannan ke ba da kariya ta asali, dole ne a yi amfani da hanyoyin sarrafa ESD na yau da kullun (misali, tashoshin aiki masu tushe, abubuwan wuyan hannu). Adanawa ya kamata ya kasance cikin ƙayyadaddun kewayon zafi (-40°C zuwa +100°C) a cikin yanayi mai bushewa. Guji amfani da matsin lamba na injiniya akan ruwan tabarau.

7. Bayanin Marufi da Oda

7.1 Ƙayyadaddun Marufi don Sarrafa Atomatik

Ana samar da samfurin akan tef da reel don dacewa da injinan ɗauka da sanyawa masu sauri. An ba da cikakkun bayanai game da girmamin tef ɗin mai ɗaukar kaya, girmamin reel, da ƙayyadaddun fom ɗin lakabin don tabbatar da dacewa da tsarin ciyarwa na yau da kullun. Amfani da tef ɗin mai ɗaukar kaya da aka zana yana kare ruwan tabarau na LED yayin sufuri da sarrafawa.

7.2 Marufi Mai Juriya da Danshi da Akwatin Kati

Don adanawa na dogon lokaci da jigilar kaya, ana tattara reels ɗin a cikin jakunkunan shinge na danshi tare da desiccant don kiyaye matakin MSL Mataki na 2. Ana saka waɗannan jakunkunan a cikin akwatunan kati da aka ƙera don ba da kariya ta jiki. Lakabin akwatin ya haɗa da bayanai kamar lambar sashi, adadi, lambar kuri'a, da lambar ranar don bin diddigin.

8. Shawarwari na Aikace-aikace da La'akari da Ƙira

8.1 Yanayin Aikace-aikacen Yau da Kullun

Aikace-aikacen farko da aka bayyana su ne hasken ciki na mota (misali, hasken baya na kayan aikin, hasken sarrafa HVAC, fitilun maɓallin kofa) da maɓallai gabaɗaya. Babban haske da aminci suma sun sa ya dace da alamun panel ɗin sarrafa masana'antu, fitilun matsayi na kayan amfani na mabukaci, da alamun waje inda ake buƙatar nuni kore.

8.2 Muhimman La'akari da Ƙira

• Sarrafa Ƙarfin Lantarki:Koyaushe yi amfani da direba mai ƙarfin lantarki na dindindin ko resistor mai iyakancewa a jere tare da LED. Ƙarfin lantarki na gaba bai kamata ya wuce 70 mA DC ba.
• Gudanar da Zafi:Haɗa kushin zafi (idan akwai) zuwa isasshen yanki na tagulla akan PCB don fitar da zafi. Saka idanu kan zafin junction a cikin aikace-aikacen yanayi mai girma ko ƙarfin lantarki mai girma.
• Ƙirar Gani:Kusurwar kallon digiri 60 tana ba da haskakawa mai faɗi. Don katako masu mayar da hankali, ana iya buƙatar na'urorin gani na biyu (ruwan tabarau).
• Kariyar ESD da Ƙarfin Lantarki na Baya:Haɗa diodes na kariya ko da'irori idan LED yana cikin yanayi mai saurin canjin ƙarfin lantarki ko haɗin baya.

9. Kwatancen Fasaha da Bambancewa

Idan aka kwatanta da LED kore na rami na gabaɗaya, wannan na'urar tana ba da fa'idodi masu mahimmanci: ƙirar haɗawa ta saman don haɗawa ta atomatik, mafi girman ƙarfin haske (10-18k mcd idan aka kwatanta da yawanci ƙasa da 1k mcd don LED na asali), da amincin matakin mota (inganci bisa AEC-Q101). A cikin dangin SMD LED PLCC4, bambancinsa yana cikin haɗin gwiwarsa na musamman na babban haske a cikin bakan kore, ƙaƙƙarfan binning don daidaiton launi da haske, da ƙaƙƙarfan fakit da aka tsara don yanayin zafi mai ƙarfi. Bayyanannen bin ka'idojin muhalli na RoHS da REACH suma babban bambance-bambance ne na kasuwa.

10. Tambayoyin da ake yawan yi (Bisa Sigogi na Fasaha)

Q: Wane ƙimar resistor ne ya kamata in yi amfani da shi don tafiyar da wannan LED daga wadata na 5V?

A: Ta amfani da Dokar Ohm da kuma yau da kullun V_Fna 3.2V a 50mA: R = (V_supply- V_F) / I_F= (5V - 3.2V) / 0.05A = 36Ω. Yi amfani da resistor na yau da kullun 36Ω ko 39Ω wanda aka ƙididdige shi don aƙalla (5V-3.2V)*0.05A = 0.09W (ana ba da shawarar resistor 0.125W ko 0.25W).

Q: Shin zan iya buga wannan LED don cimma mafi girman haske da ake gani?

A: Eh, ƙimar kololuwar ƙarfin lantarki na gaba shine 100 mA a matakin aiki na 1/10. Bugawa a cikin ƙarfin lantarki mai girma tare da ƙaramin aikin aiki na iya ƙara ƙarfin haske, amma matsakaicin ƙarfin lantarki bai kamata ya wuce matsakaicin ƙimar ci gaba ba, kuma dole ne a sarrafa zafin junction.

Q: Ta yaya zafi ke shafar fitar da haske?

A: Kamar duk LED, fitar da haske yawanci yana raguwa yayin da zafin junction yana ƙaruwa. Don aikace-aikace masu daidaito, ya kamata a tuntuɓi lankwasan ragewa (ba a bayar da su a cikin wannan takardar bayanin amma halayen gabaɗaya) ko kuma a yi gwaji a yanayin zafin aiki da ake tsammani.

11. Yanayin Amfani na Aiki

Nazarin Lamari: Haskakawar Console na Tsakiya na Mota:Mai ƙira yana buƙatar haskaka maɓallai da yawa da kuma maɓallin juyawa a cikin console na tsakiya na mota. Sun zaɓi wannan LED saboda babban haskensa (yana tabbatar da ganuwa a cikin rana), launin kore (yana dacewa da jigon abin hawa), da amincin da AEC-Q101 ke nufi. An sanya LED da yawa akan PCB mai sassauƙa. Ta hanyar ƙayyade LED daga kwandon bin V_Fda I_Vdaidai (misali, H2 da R2), an cimma daidaiton haske da launi a ko'ina cikin duk maɓallai. Fakit ɗin SMT yana ba da damar haɗawa ta atomatik, yana rage farashi. An haɗa kushin zafi zuwa zubar da tagulla akan PCB don fitar da zafi, saboda yanayin console ɗin da aka rufe zai iya zama dumi.

12. Gabatarwar Ka'idar Aiki

Wannan LED tana aiki bisa ka'idar electroluminescence a cikin haɗin p-n na semiconductor. Yankin aiki ya ƙunshi InGaN (Indium Gallium Nitride). Lokacin da aka yi amfani da ƙarfin lantarki na gaba wanda ya wuce ƙarfin kunna diode, ana cusa electrons da ramuka cikin yankin aiki daga sassan n-type da p-type, bi da bi. Waɗannan masu ɗaukar caji suna sake haɗuwa, suna sakin kuzari a cikin siffar photons (haske). Takamaiman abun da ke ciki na gawa na InGaN yana ƙayyade ƙarfin bandgap, wanda kai tsaye yake daidai da tsayin raƙuman ruwa (launi) na hasken da aka fitar. Don wannan na'urar, an daidaita gawa don fitar da photons a cikin kewayon tsayin raƙuman ruwa kore (515-525 nm). Ruwan tabarau na epoxy na fakit ɗin PLCC4 yana rufe guntu, yana ba da kariya ta injiniya, yana siffata katakon fitar da haske, da haɓaka ingantaccen fitar da haske.

13. Trends na Ci gaba a Fasahar LED

Trend a cikin fasahar LED don aikace-aikacen nuni da sigina yana ci gaba zuwa mafi inganci (ƙarin fitar da haske kowace watt na shigar da lantarki), ingantaccen aminci a ƙarƙashin yanayi mai tsanani, da ƙanƙanta fakit yayin da ake kiyayewa ko ƙara ƙarfin gani. Don ciki na mota, akwai ƙaruwar buƙatar haske na al'ada (launi da ƙarfi) da haɗawa da tsarin sarrafawa mai wayo. Ingancin zuwa ƙa'idodi kamar AEC-Q101 yana zama buƙatu na asali don kayan da ake amfani da su a cikin motoci. Ƙari ga haka, dokokin muhalli suna turawa don ƙara ragewa ko kawar da abubuwa masu haɗari fiye da RoHS, suna rinjayar zaɓin kayan aiki a cikin marufi na LED. Haɓakar sabbin kayan semiconductor da phosphors suma suna nufin cike gibin a cikin bakan launi da inganta fassarar launi inda ake buƙata.