Bayanin Fasaha na Nunin LED na LTC-4727JD - Tsayin Lamba 0.4-inch - Ja Mai Zafi (650nm) - Ƙarfin Gaba 2.6V - Ragewar Wutar Lantarki 70mW - Takardun Fasaha na Hausa

1. Bayyani Game da Samfur

LTC-4727JD wani na'urar nunin lambobi ne mai lambobi huɗu da sassa bakwai, wanda aka ƙera don aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar karanta lambobi a fili da haske. Babban aikinsa shi ne nuna bayanan lambobi ta hanyar sassa da za a iya sarrafa su daban. An gina na'urar ta amfani da ƙwayoyin LED na zamani na AlInGaP (Aluminum Indium Gallium Phosphide) waɗanda aka ɗora akan wani abu marar gani na GaAs. Wannan zaɓin kayan yana da mahimmanci ga aikin na'urar, domin semiconductors na AlInGaP suna da suna saboda ingantaccen aiki da fitar da haske mai kyau a cikin yankunan haske na ja zuwa amber. Nunin yana da fuskar fuska mai launin toka tare da alamomin sassa fari, yana ba da bambanci mai girma don ingantaccen karantawa a ƙarƙashin yanayin haske daban-daban.

Babban fa'idar wannan nuni yana cikin ingantaccen ingancinsa na tsayayye, wanda ya samo asali daga fasahar LED, wanda ke ba da tsawon rayuwar aiki sosai idan aka kwatanta da tsofaffin fasahohi kamar nunin fluorescent ko incandescent. An rarrabe shi don ƙarfin haske, ma'ana ana gwada kuma a rarrabe raka'o'i don tabbatar da daidaiton matakan haske. Kunshin ya bi ka'idojin kera abubuwa marasa gubar. Ƙirar nuni ta ba da fifiko ga kyawawan siffofi, haske mai girma, da kuma faɗin kusurwar kallo, wanda ya sa ya dace da na'urori na masu amfani da na masana'antu inda karantawa daga kusurwoyi da yawa ke da mahimmanci.

1.1 Fahimtar Ma'ana Mai Zurfi na Ma'auni na Fasaha

1.1.1 Halayen Haske da Gani

Ana ayyana aikin gani a ƙarƙashin daidaitattun yanayin gwaji a yanayin zafin muhalli (Ta) na 25°C. Babban ma'auni, Matsakaicin Ƙarfin Hasken (Iv), yana da ƙayyadaddun kewayon daga mafi ƙanƙanta na 200 µcd zuwa mafi girma na 650 µcd lokacin da aka tuka shi da ƙarfin gaba (IF) na 1mA. Wannan kewayon yana nuna tsarin rarraba samarwa, inda ake rarraba na'urori bisa ainihin fitarwa. Ƙimar al'ada tana aiki a matsayin cibiyar tunani don lissafin ƙira. An ayyana daidaiton ƙarfin haske don yankuna masu kama da haske a matsayin 2:1 mafi girma, wanda yake da mahimmanci don tabbatar da daidaiton haske a duk sassa da lambobi, hana bayyanar mara kyau ko rashin daidaituwa.

Ana ayyana halayen launi ta hanyar tsawon zango. Tsawon Zangon Fitarwa Mafi Girma (λp) yawanci yana nanomita 650 (nm), yana sanya fitarwa a cikin yankin ja mai zafi na bakan. Tsawon Zangon Mafi Rinjaye (λd) an ayyana shi a matsayin 639 nm. Yana da mahimmanci a fahimci bambanci: tsawon zango mafi girma shine mafi girman ƙarfin bakan, yayin da tsawon zango mafi rinjaye shine fahimtar launi ta idon ɗan adam ta zango guda ɗaya. Rabin Faɗin Layin Bakan (Δλ) shine 20 nm, yana nuna ƙunƙuntaccen faɗin hasken da aka fitar, wanda ke ba da gudummawa ga launin ja mai tsabta, cikakke.

1.1.2 Ma'auni na Lantarki

Halayen lantarki suna ayyana iyakokin aiki da sharuɗɗan na'urar. Matsakaicin Matsakaicin Ƙimar ya saita iyakokin da za a iya haifar da lalacewa ta dindindin bayan su. Ci gaba da Ƙarfin Gaba kowane sashi an ƙididdige shi a 25 mA. Ana amfani da ƙimar rage ƙima na 0.33 mA/°C a layi daya daga 25°C, ma'ana mafi girman amintaccen ci gaba na yanzu yana raguwa yayin da yanayin zafin muhalli ke ƙaruwa. Wannan shine mahimmin la'akari na ƙira don sarrafa zafi. Don aikin bugun jini, ana ba da izinin mafi girman Ƙarfin Gaba na Kololuwa na 90 mA a ƙarƙashin takamaiman sharuɗɗa: zagayowar aiki 1/10 da faɗin bugun jini na 0.1ms. Wannan yana ba da damar tsare-tsaren haɗawa inda za a iya amfani da ƙarfin halin yanzu mafi girma don cimma hasken da ake gani yayin riƙe matsakaicin wutar lantarki ƙasa.

Ƙarfin Gaba (VF) kowane sashi yana kewayo daga 2.1V zuwa 2.6V a IF=20mA. Wannan ma'auni yana da mahimmanci don ƙirar da'irar iyakance yanzu, yawanci resistors ko direbobi na yanzu akai-akai. Ƙimar Ƙarfin Baya (VR) ita ce 5V, kuma Ƙarfin Baya (IR) shine mafi girman 100 µA a wannan ƙarfin, yana nuna halayen ɗigon diode a cikin yanayin kashewa. Ragewar Wutar Lantarki kowane sashi an iyakance shi zuwa 70 mW, wanda ke da alaƙa kai tsaye da ƙirar zafi na aikace-aikacen.

1.1.3 Ƙayyadaddun Zafi da Muhalli

An ƙididdige na'urar don Kewayon Zafin Aiki na -35°C zuwa +105°C. Wannan faɗin kewayon ya sa ya dace da aikace-aikace a cikin mawuyacin yanayi, gami da sarrafa masana'antu da cikin motoci (wuraren da ba su da mahimmanci). Daidaitaccen Kewayon Zafin Ajiya yana tabbatar da cewa na'urar za ta iya jure wa waɗannan matsananciyar yanayi lokacin da ba a kunna wutar lantarki ba. An bayyana yanayin sake narkewa da ƙarfe a fili: ana iya sanya kayan aikin zuwa 260°C na dakika 3, an auna inci 1/16 (kusan mm 1.59) a ƙasa da matakin wurin zama. Wannan bayanin yana da mahimmanci ga hanyoyin haɗa PCB don hana lalacewar zafi yayin yin gwaiduwa.

1.2 Bayanin Tsarin Rarraba

Bayanin fasaha yana nuna cewa an "Rarraba na'urar don Ƙarfin Hasken." Wannan yana nuna tsarin rarraba inda ake gwada raka'o'in da aka kera kuma a raba su cikin ƙungiyoyi (kwantena) bisa ga ƙimar hasken da aka auna a daidaitaccen gwajin yanzu (mai yiwuwa 1mA ko 20mA). Masu ƙira za su iya zaɓar kwantena don tabbatar da daidaiton haske a cikin nunin da yawa a cikin samfur ɗaya. Kodayake ba a cikakken bayani tare da lambobin kwantena a cikin wannan takarda ba, irin wannan tsarin yana ba da damar sayan sassa tare da garantin mafi ƙanƙanta ko ƙarfin haske na al'ada, wanda ke da mahimmanci ga aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar daidaiton aikin gani.

1.3 Bincike na Lankwasa Aiki

Bayanin fasaha yana nuni da "Lankwasan Halayen Lantarki/Haske na Al'ada," waɗanda suke mahimman kayan aiki don fahimtar halayen na'urar fiye da ƙayyadaddun bayanai guda ɗaya. Kodayake ba a cikakken bayanin takamaiman lankwasan a cikin rubutun da aka bayar ba, lankwasan al'ada don irin waɗannan na'urorin za su haɗa da:

• Ƙarfin Hasken Dangi vs. Ƙarfin Gaba (Lankwasa I-V):Wannan lankwasa yana nuna yadda fitar da haske ke ƙaruwa tare da yanzu. Yawanci ba a layi daya ba ne, tare da inganci sau da yawa yana raguwa a manyan yanayi na yanzu saboda tasirin zafi.
• Ƙarfin Gaba vs. Ƙarfin Gaba:Wannan yana nuna halayen IV na diode, mai mahimmanci don ƙididdige raguwar ƙarfin lantarki da buƙatun wutar lantarki.
• Ƙarfin Hasken Dangi vs. Yanayin Zafin Muhalli:Wannan lankwasa yana nuna tasirin kashe zafi, inda fitarwar LED ke raguwa yayin da zafin haɗuwa ya tashi. Fahimtar wannan shine mabuɗin ƙira don ƙira masu aiki a manyan yanayin zafi.
• Rarraba Bakan:Jadawali da ke nuna ƙarfin dangi da aka fitar a tsawon zango, wanda ke tsakiya a kusa da kololuwar 650nm tare da ƙayyadaddun rabin faɗin 20nm.

Waɗannan lankwasan suna ba masu ƙira damar inganta yanayin tuƙi don daidaita haske, inganci, da tsawon rai.

2. Bayanin Injiniya da Kunshin

2.1 Girma da Zanen Bayyani

Zanen kunshin yana ba da mahimman bayanan injiniya. An ayyana duk manyan girma a cikin milimita. Matsakaicin jurewa na waɗannan girma shine ±0.25 mm sai dai idan takamaiman bayanin fasali ya faɗi akasin haka. Wani muhimmin bayanin ya ayyana juzu'in juzu'in ƙugiya na +0.4 mm, wanda ke lissafin yuwuwar ƙananan kuskuren daidaitawa na jagororin yayin tsarin ƙirar, wanda ke shafar sanya rami na PCB ko ƙirar soket. Girman gaba ɗaya an ƙaddara shi ta tsayin lamba 0.4-inch (10.0 mm), wanda ke nufin tsayin zahiri na harafi na lamba guda ɗaya.

2.2 Tsarin Ƙugiya & Zanen Haɗin kai

Na'urar tana da tsarin ƙugiya 16, kodayake ba duk wurare ake cika su ko haɗa su ba. An saita shi azamanNuni na Cathode Gama Gari na HaɗawaWannan gine-gine yana da mahimmanci ga aikinsa:

• Cathodes Gama Gari:Ƙugiyoyi 1, 2, 4, 6, da 8 sune haɗin cathode gama gari don Lamba 1, Lamba 2, ƙungiyar sassa (L1,L2,L3), Lamba 3, da Lamba 4, bi da bi. A cikin tsarin haɗawa, ana sauya waɗannan cathodes zuwa ƙasa a jere don zaɓar wace lamba ke aiki.
• Anodes na Sashi:Ƙugiyoyi 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 14, 15, da 16 sune haɗin anode don sassa daban-daban (A, B, C, D, E, F, G, DP) da wasu sassa na colon/alamomi (L1, L2, L3). Ana tuka anodes masu dacewa sama (ta hanyar resistor mai iyakance yanzu) don haskaka takamaiman sassa na lambar da aka zaɓa a halin yanzu.
• Zanen da'irar ciki yana nuna haɗin kai na waɗannan anodes da cathodes, yana samar da matrix wanda ke ba da damar sarrafa lambobi 4 da maki goma/colon tare da layukan siginar aiki 13 kawai, maimakon layukan 36+ da tuƙi na tsayayye zai buƙata.

3. Jagororin Gwaiduwa & Haɗawa

Sashen matsakaicin ƙimar ƙima yana ba da mahimmin ma'auni na gwaiduwa: na'urar za ta iya jure zafin gwaiduwa na 260°C na dakika 3, an auna a wuri 1.59mm (inci 1/16) a ƙasa da matakin wurin zama. Wannan shine daidaitaccen tunani na sake kunnawa. Don gwaiduwa da hannu, yakamata a yi amfani da ƙaramin zafi da ɗan gajeren lokacin tuntuɓar don hana zafi mai yawa a wuri guda. Yana da mahimmanci a tabbatar da cewa zafin kunshin LED da kansa bai wuce matsakaicin ƙimar zafin ajiya ba a kowane ɓangare na tsarin haɗawa. Yakamata a bi hanyoyin sarrafa ESD (Fitarwa na Lantarki Mai Tsauri), domin ƙwayoyin LED suna da hankali ga lantarki.

4. Shawarwarin Aikace-aikace

4.1 Yanayin Aikace-aikace na Al'ada

Wannan nuni yana da kyau ga aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar karatun lamba mai ƙarami, amintacce, da haske. Amfanin gama gari ya haɗa da:

• Kayan Awo da Auna:Mita na lambobi da yawa, ƙididdiga na mitar, wutar lantarki.
• Sarrafa Masana'antu:Mitan panel don zafin jiki, matsa lamba, RPM, nunin ƙidaya.
• Kayan Lantarki na Masu Amfani:Kayan aikin sauti (ƙarar amplifier/nunin), kayan aikin dafa abinci, agogo.
• Bayan Kasuwan Mota:Ma'auni da kayan nunin modul (inda ƙayyadaddun muhalli suka dace).

4.2 La'akari da Ƙira & Aiwalewar Da'ira

Tukin wannan nuni yana buƙatar mai sarrafa haɗawa, wanda zai iya zama takamaiman direban nuni IC (kamar MAX7219 ko TM1637) ko microcontroller tare da isassun fil ɗin I/O da software. Dole ne ƙirar ta yi la'akari da:

• Iyakance Yanzu:Dole ne a sanya resistor a jere tare da kowane anode na sashi (ko saitin anodes idan ana amfani da direba na yanzu akai-akai) don saita ƙarfin gaba. Ana ƙididdige ƙimar ta amfani da R = (Vcc - VF) / IF. Ta amfani da matsakaicin VF na 2.6V da wadatar 5V tare da IF na 10mA, R = (5 - 2.6) / 0.01 = 240 ohms.
• Mita na Haɗawa:Dole ne ƙimar sabunta ta yi yawa sosai don guje wa flicker da ake gani, yawanci sama da 60-100 Hz kowace lamba. Tare da lambobi 4, mitar dubawa tana buƙatar zama 240-400 Hz.
• Ƙarfin Kololuwa vs. Matsakaicin Ƙarfin:Don cimma matsakaicin haske da ake so, ƙarfin kololuwa yayin ɗan gajeren lokacin KUNNA zai iya zama mafi girma. Idan zagayowar aiki 1/4 ne (don lambobi 4), ƙarfin kololuwa na 20mA yana haifar da matsakaicin yanzu na 5mA kowane sashi, yana tsayawa cikin ƙimar ci gaba.
• Rage Zafi:Tabbatar cewa matsakaicin ragewar wutar lantarki kowane sashi (IF * VF * zagayowar aiki) bai wuce 70mW ba, musamman a manyan yanayin zafi.

5. Kwatancen Fasaha & Bambance-bambance

LTC-4727JD ya bambanta kansa ta hanyar amfani da fasahar AlInGaP akan substrate na GaAs. Idan aka kwatanta da tsofaffin LED ja na GaP (Gallium Phosphide), AlInGaP yana ba da ingantaccen inganci na haske sosai, yana haifar da nunin masu haske a yanzu ɗaya ko rage amfani da wutar lantarki don haske iri ɗaya. Substrate marar gani yana taimakawa inganta bambanci ta hanyar hana tarwatsa haske a ciki. Siffar "sassa masu ci gaba da daidaito" tana nuna ingantaccen mutuwa da ƙirar ruwan tabarau wanda ke guje wa gibi ko rashin daidaiton haske a cikin sashi. Kunshin maras gubar yana tabbatar da bin ka'idojin muhalli na zamani (RoHS).

6. Tambayoyin da ake yawan yi (Dangane da Ma'auni na Fasaha)

Q: Menene bambanci tsakanin tsawon zango mafi girma da tsawon zango mafi rinjaye?

A: Tsawon zango mafi girma shine madaidaicin wuri na mafi girman ƙarfin bakan da LED ke fitarwa. Tsawon zango mafi rinjaye shine wurin launi da idon ɗan adam ke gani, wanda aka ƙididdige shi daga cikakken bakan. Sau da yawa suna ɗan bambanta.

Q: Zan iya tuka wannan nuni da microcontroller na 3.3V?

A: Ee, amma dole ne ku duba ƙarfin gaba. Tare da matsakaicin VF na 2.6V, akwai sararin kai 0.7V kawai (3.3V - 2.6V) don resistor mai iyakance yanzu. Wannan ƙaramin raguwar ƙarfin lantarki yana sa yanzu ya fi kula da bambance-bambance a cikin VF. Ana ba da shawarar direba na yanzu akai-akai don tsarin 3.3V, ko kuma a yi amfani da ƙaramin yanzu da ake nufi.

Q: Me ya sa akwai ƙimar rage ƙima don ƙarfin gaba?

A: LEDs suna haifar da zafi a mahadar semiconductor. Yayin da yanayin zafin muhalli ke tashi, zafin haɗuwa yana ƙaruwa don ƙayyadaddun ragewar wutar lantarki. Ƙimar rage ƙima tana rage matsakaicin yanzu da aka ba da izini don hana zafin haɗuwa ya wuce matsakaicin ƙimar sa, wanda zai rage tsawon rai sosai ko haifar da gazawa.

Q: Me "cathode gama gari na haɗawa" ke nufi ga da'irar direba ta?

A: Yana nufin kunna lamba ɗaya a lokaci ɗaya ta hanyar haɗa ƙugiyar cathode gama gari zuwa ƙasa (ƙasa). Sa'an nan kuma ku yi amfani da ƙarfin lantarki ga ƙugiyoyin anode na sashi don tsarin da kuke so akan wannan lambar. Kuna zagayawa cikin sauri ta duk lambobi. Idon ɗan adam yana haɗa hasken, yana sa duk lambobi su bayyana a ci gaba da kunna.

7: Nazarin Aikace-aikace na Aiki

Yi la'akari da ƙirar mita mai sauƙi mai lambobi 4 ta amfani da microcontroller da wannan nuni. ADC na microcontroller yana karanta ƙarfin lantarki, ya canza shi zuwa lamba, kuma ya tuka nuni. Microcontroller zai sami fil ɗin I/O 8 da aka haɗa zuwa anodes na sashi (A-G, DP) ta hanyar resistors masu iyakance yanzu. Ƙarin fil ɗin I/O huɗu zai sarrafa transistors na NPN (ko amfani da IC na tsarin transistor) waɗanda ke zubar da yanzu daga ƙugiyoyin cathode na lamba huɗu (1, 2, 6, 8). Ƙugiya 4 (cathode gama gari don colons) za a iya ɗaure shi zuwa ƙasa idan colons suna kan koyaushe, ko kuma a sarrafa su daban. Firmware zai aiwatar da katsewar timer don sabunta nuni. A cikin tsarin katsewa, zai kashe duk cathodes na lambobi, ya fitar da tsarin sashi don lamba ta gaba zuwa tashar anode, sannan ya kunna cathode na wannan lambar. Ana maimaita wannan tsari ga kowane lamba, yana haifar da karatu mai tsayayye, mara flicker.

8. Gabatarwa da Ka'idar Aiki

Tushen ka'idar aiki ya dogara ne akan electroluminescence a cikin haɗin P-N na semiconductor. Lokacin da aka yi amfani da ƙarfin gaba wanda ya wuce kofa na diode, electrons daga yankin AlInGaP na N-type suna sake haɗuwa da ramuka daga yankin P-type. Wannan taron sake haɗuwa yana sakin makamashi a cikin nau'in photons (haske). Takamaiman tsawon zango na 650 nm (ja) an ƙaddara shi ta hanyar ƙarfin bandgap na kayan semiconductor na AlInGaP, wanda aka ƙera yayin tsarin girma na crystal. Substrate na GaAs marar gani yana ɗaukar hasken da aka fitar ƙasa, yana inganta bambanci. Sassa daban-daban an kafa su ta hanyar ƙwayoyin LED da yawa ko guntu ɗaya tare da anode mai alama, wanda aka haɗa a ciki zuwa ƙugiyoyin kunshin. Tsarin haɗawa wata dabara ce ta lantarki don rage adadin layukan sarrafa da ake buƙata ta hanyar amfani da dagewar gani na idon ɗan adam.

9. Trends na Fasaha

Yayin da AlInGaP ke ci gaba da zama fasaha mai inganci don LED ja da amber, manyan trends na masana'antar nuni suna tasiri irin waɗannan sassa. Akwai ci gaba da tuƙi zuwa mafi inganci (lumens da yawa kowace watt), yana ba da damar nunin masu haske a ƙaramin wutar lantarki ko rage samar da zafi. Ƙananan ƙira wani trend ne, kodayake tsayin lamba sau da yawa ana takura shi da buƙatun karantawa. Haɗin kai babban trend ne; Na'urorin nunin zamani sau da yawa sun haɗa da direban IC, mai sarrafa, wani lokacin ma microcontroller a cikin kunshin ɗaya, yana sauƙaƙe mu'amala zuwa bas ɗin sirri mai sauƙi (I2C ko SPI). Koyaya, nunin ware kamar LTC-4727JD suna ci gaba da zama mahimmanci don ƙira masu hankali ga farashi, shimfidar al'ada, ko aikace-aikacen inda kayan lantarki na sarrafa suke tsakiya. Ƙaura zuwa kayan marasa gubar da marasa halogen daidai da ka'idojin muhalli na duniya yanzu ya zama ma'auni. Ci gaba na gaba na iya ganin ƙarin riba mai inganci daga sabbin kayan substrate ko ƙirar guntu, amma babban ginin sassa bakwai na haɗawa ya kasance ingantaccen mafita mai tsada don buƙatun nunin lamba.