Bayanin Fasaha na LED Ja PLCC-2 - Kallon 120° - 3550mcd @ 50mA - 2.2V - Nau'in Motoci - Takardun Fasaha na Hausa

1. Bayanin Samfur

Wannan takarda ta yi cikakken bayani game da ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun LED ja mai ƙarfi, mai hawa a saman, a cikin kunshin PLCC-2. An ƙera na'urar da farko don aikace-aikacen cikin mota masu ƙarfi, tana ba da haɗin fitar da haske mai ƙarfi, faɗin kusurwar kallo, da ingantaccen amincin aiki. Babban fa'idodinta sun haɗa da bin ƙa'idodin mota masu tsauri kamar AEC-Q102, kyakkyawan juriya ga sulfur (Aji A1), da kuma bin umarnin muhalli kamar RoHS, REACH, da buƙatun Halogen-Free. Kasuwar da aka yi niyya ita ce na'urorin lantarki na mota, musamman don hasken yanayi na ciki, hasken baya don maɓallai, da sauran ayyukan nuna alama inda amincin aiki da kuma ci gaba da aiki a ƙarƙashin yanayi masu tsanani suka fi muhimmanci.

2. Bincike Mai Zurfi na Sigogi na Fasaha

2.1 Halayen Hoto da Na'ura mai ƙarfin lantarki

An ayyana mahimman ma'auni na aikin LED a ƙarƙashin daidaitattun yanayin gwaji. Matsakaicin ƙarfin lantarki na gaba (V_F) shine 2.20V a halin yanzu na gaba (I_F) na 50mA, tare da ƙayyadadden kewayon daga 1.75V (Mafi ƙanƙanta) zuwa 2.75V (Mafi girma). Ƙarfin haske (I_V) an ƙididdige shi a 3550 millicandelas (mcd) na yau da kullun a ƙarƙashin yanayin 50mA iri ɗaya, tare da mafi ƙanƙanta na 2800 mcd da mafi girma na 5600 mcd. Tsawon tsinkaya (λ_d) yana tsakiya a 615nm, yana ayyana launin jansa, tare da jurewar ±1nm. Na'urar tana da faɗin kusurwar kallo (φ) mai girman digiri 120, yana tabbatar da kyakkyawan gani daga wuraren da ba a kan axis ba. Matsakaicin halin yanzu na gaba shine 70mA, kuma ba a ƙera na'urar don aikin ƙarfin lantarki na baya ba.

2.2 Ƙimar Zafi da Amincewa

Gudanar da zafi yana da mahimmanci ga tsawon rayuwar LED. Juriyar zafi daga haɗin zuwa solder (R_{th JS}) yana da ƙima biyu: 85 K/W (na yau da kullun, na gaske) da 60 K/W (na yau da kullun, na lantarki). Matsakaicin yanayin zafi da aka halatta (T_J) shine 125°C, yayin da kewayon yanayin aiki (T_opr) ya kai daga -40°C zuwa +110°C. Na'urar na iya jure yanayin zafi na solder reflow na 260°C har zuwa dakika 30. Don kariya daga zubar da wutar lantarki (ESD), an ƙididdige shi don 2kV (Samfurin Jikin Mutum). Rage ƙarfin lantarki (P_d) yana iyakance zuwa 192 mW.

3. Bayanin Tsarin Rarraba (Binning)

Don tabbatar da daidaiton launi da haske a cikin samarwa, ana rarraba LED zuwa kwandon shara.

3.1 Rarraba Ƙarfin Hasken (Luminous Intensity Binning)

An rarraba ƙarfin haske zuwa cikin tsarin rarraba haruffa da lambobi mai cikakken bayani. Kwandon shara ya kewayo daga L1 (11.2-14 mcd) har zuwa manyan kwandon shara kamar GA (18000-22400 mcd). Takamaiman na'urar da aka rufe a cikin wannan takardar bayanin, dangane da matsakaicin ƙimar ta na 3550 mcd, zai faɗi cikin kwandon shara na CA (2800-3550 mcd). Wannan tsarin yana ba masu ƙira damar zaɓar sassa tare da matakan haske masu ƙarfi don aikace-aikacen haske iri ɗaya.

3.2 Rarraba Tsawon Tsinkaya (Dominant Wavelength Binning)

Tsawon tsinkaya, wanda ke ƙayyade launin da ake gani, shima ana rarraba shi. An ayyana kwandon shara ta lambobi huɗu waɗanda ke wakiltar mafi ƙanƙanta da matsakaicin tsawon tsinkaya a cikin nanometers. Misali, kwandon shara '1215' ya ƙunshi tsayin tsinkaya daga 612nm zuwa 615nm. Matsakaicin tsawon tsinkaya na na'urar na 615nm ya sanya shi cikin kwandon shara '1518' (615-618 nm) ko yuwuwar kwandon shara '1215', dangane da takamaiman rukunin samarwa. Wannan daidaitaccen rarraba yana da mahimmanci ga aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar takamaiman maki launi ko haɗa launuka.

4. Binciken Lanƙwasa Ayyuka

4.1 Halin Yanzu na Gaba vs. Ƙarfin Lantarki na Gaba (Lanƙwasa I-V)

Jadawalin da aka bayar yana nuna alaƙar tsakanin halin yanzu na gaba da ƙarfin lantarki na gaba a 25°C. Lanƙwasa yana da halayen diode, yana nuna haɓakar haɓakar halin yanzu da zarar ƙarfin lantarki na gaba ya wuce kofa (kusan 1.7V don wannan LED). Wannan lanƙwasa yana da mahimmanci don ƙira da'irar iyakance halin yanzu don tabbatar da aiki mai ƙarfi.

4.2 Halayen Zafi

Jadawalai da yawa suna kwatanta bambancin aiki tare da zafin jiki. JadawalinDangantakar Ƙarfin Hasken da Yanayin Haɗin (Relative Luminous Intensity vs. Junction Temperature)ya nuna cewa fitar da haske yana raguwa yayin da zafin jiki ya karu, wani hali ne na yau da kullun na LED. JadawalinDangantakar Ƙarfin Lantarki na Gaba da Yanayin Haɗin (Relative Forward Voltage vs. Junction Temperature)ya nuna cewa V_Fyana da ƙimar zafi mara kyau, yana raguwa da layi tare da hawan zafin jiki. JadawalinTsawon Tsinkaya vs. Yanayin Haɗin (Dominant Wavelength vs. Junction Temperature)daDangantakar Tsawon Tsinkaya da Yanayin Haɗin (Relative Wavelength vs. Junction Temperature)suna nuna ɗan canji a cikin tsawon tsinkaya (yawanci nanometers kaɗan) tare da zafin jiki, wanda yake da mahimmanci ga aikace-aikacen masu mahimmanci na launi.

4.3 Rarraba Bakan Hasken da Tsarin Watsa Hasken

JadawalinRarraba Bakan Dangantaka (Relative Spectral Distribution)ya tabbatar da fitar da ja mai launi ɗaya, tare da kololuwa kusan 615nm kuma ƙaramin fitarwa a cikin sauran sassan bakan. JadawalinHalayen Jadawali na Watsa Hasken na Yau da Kullun (Typical Diagram Characteristics of Radiation)(ba a cikakken bayani a cikin ɓangaren da aka cire ba) zai nuna rarraba hasken sararin samaniya, yana kwatanta kusurwar kallo na 120° inda ƙarfin ya faɗi zuwa rabin ƙimar kololuwa.

4.4 Ragewa (Derating) da Sarrafa Bugun Jini (Pulse Handling)

JadawalinLanƙwasa Rage Halin Yanzu na Gaba (Forward Current Derating Curve)yana da mahimmanci ga amincin aiki. Yana nuna matsakaicin halin yanzu na gaba da aka halatta a matsayin aikin zafin jiki na solder pad (T_S). Misali, a T_Sna 110°C, matsakaicin I_Fan rage shi zuwa 55mA. JadawalinƘarfin Sarrafa Bugun Jini da aka Halatta (Permissible Pulse Handling Capability)ya ayyana matsakaicin halin yanzu na bugun jini da ba a maimaita ba ko maimaitawa don faɗin bugun jini daban-daban (t_p) da cikakken aiki (D), wanda ke da amfani ga PWM dimming ko yanayi na wucin gadi.

5. Bayanin Injiniya da Kunshin

LED yana amfani da daidaitaccen kunshin PLCC-2 (Plastic Leaded Chip Carrier) mai hawa a saman. Duk da yake ainihin girman injiniya (tsayi, faɗi, tsayi) an ambata su a sashe na 7 na takardar bayanin amma ba a bayar da su a cikin ɓangaren da aka cire ba, wannan nau'in kunshin ana amfani da shi sosai kuma yana ba da damar haɗawa ta atomatik ta ɗauka da sanyawa. Na'urar za ta sami alamun anode da cathode masu haske don daidaitaccen yanayin PCB. An ba da shirin shimfidar solder pad da aka ba da shawarar don tabbatar da samuwar haɗin gwiwar solder da kuma zubar da zafi yayin reflow.

6. Jagororin Solder da Haɗawa

Na'urar ta dace da hanyoyin solder reflow. Ƙayyadadden bayanin martaba yana ba da damar matsakaicin zafin jiki na 260°C har zuwa dakika 30. Dole ne masu ƙira su bi wannan bayanin martaba don hana lalacewar zafi ga kunshin filastik ko die na semiconductor. Abubuwan kariya don amfani sun haɗa da hanyoyin sarrafawa na yau da kullun don guje wa damuwa na injiniya akan jagororin, kariya daga danshi (Matakin MSL 2), da kuma guje wa wuce gona da iri na zubar da wutar lantarki. Daidaitattun yanayin ajiya zai yi daidai da ƙayyadadden kewayon zafin ajiya na -40°C zuwa +110°C a cikin yanayi mai bushewa.

7. Bayanin Kunshin da Oda

Lambar sashi don wannan na'urar ita ce 57-21R-UR0501H-AM. Bayanin oda da cikakkun bayanai na kunshin (misali, ƙayyadaddun tef da reel, adadin kowane reel) an rufe su a sashe na 6 da 10 na takardar bayanin. Tsarin lambar sashi na iya ɓoye bayanai kamar launi (R don Ja), nau'in kunshin, da yuwuwar lambobin rarraba, yana ba da damar yin oda daidai na matakin aikin da ake buƙata.

8. Shawarwarin Aikace-aikace

8.1 Yanayin Aikace-aikace na Yau da Kullun

Babban aikace-aikacen shinehasken cikin mota. Wannan ya haɗa da hasken baya na dashboard, hasken yanayi na ƙafar ƙafa, hasken baya don maɓallan sarrafawa da maɓallai, da alamomin matsayi akan cibiyar sarrafawa. Ingancin sa na AEC-Q102 da ƙarfin juriya ga sulfur sun sa ya dace musamman don yanayi mai tsanani a cikin mota, wanda zai iya haɗawa da yanayin zafi mai girma, zagayowar zafi, da fallasa ga iskar gas mai lalata.

8.2 Abubuwan da ake la'akari da su wajen ƙira

Lokacin ƙira tare da wannan LED, dole ne injiniyoyi su yi la'akari da abubuwa da yawa:
1. Tuƙin Halin Yanzu:Ana ba da shawarar direban halin yanzu mai ƙarfi don kiyaye fitar da haske mai ƙarfi, saboda hasken LED aiki ne na halin yanzu, ba ƙarfin lantarki ba. Dole ne da'irar ta iyakance I_Fzuwa 50mA don aiki na yau da kullun kuma kada ya wuce 70mA.
2. Gudanar da Zafi:Dole ne shimfidar PCB ta sauƙaƙe zubar da zafi daga sandunan solder don hana yanayin haɗin ya wuce 125°C, musamman a cikin yanayin yanayi mai zafi. Ana ba da shawarar amfani da shimfidar pad da aka ba da shawarar da yuwuwar hanyoyin zafi.
3. Kariyar ESD:Ko da yake an ƙididdige shi don 2kV HBM, aiwatar da ainihin kariyar ESD akan layukan shigarwa yana da kyau, musamman yayin sarrafawa da haɗawa.
4. Ƙirar Hoto:Kusurwar kallo na 120° tana ba da fitarwa mai faɗi. Don hasken da aka mayar da hankali, ƙila ana buƙatar na'urorin gani na biyu (ruwan tabarau).

9. Kwatancen Fasaha da Bambance-bambance

Idan aka kwatanta da LED na kasuwanci na yau da kullun, manyan abubuwan da ke bambanta wannan na'urar su ne takaddun shaidar amincin aikin mota. Ingancin AEC-Q102 ya ƙunshi jerin gwaje-gwaje masu tsauri don aiki mai zafi, girgizar zafi, juriya ga danshi, da tsawon rai. Ƙimar ƙarfin juriya ga sulfur na Aji A1 tana nuna mafi girman juriya ga yanayi mai ɗauke da sulfur, wanda shine yanayin gazawa na yau da kullun a cikin yanayin mota saboda wasu abubuwan roba da man shafawa. Faɗin kewayon yanayin aiki (-40°C zuwa +110°C) ya wuce na LED na masu amfani na yau da kullun, yana tabbatar da aiki a cikin duk yanayin yanayi da mota za ta iya fuskanta.

10. Tambayoyin da ake yawan yi (Dangane da Sigogi na Fasaha)

Q: Zan iya tuƙa wannan LED tare da wadata 3.3V kai tsaye?
A: A'a. Matsakaicin ƙarfin lantarki na gaba shine 2.2V, amma yana iya zama ƙasa da 1.75V. Haɗa shi kai tsaye zuwa tushen 3.3V ba tare da resistor mai iyakance halin yanzu ko direba ba zai haifar da wuce gona da iri na halin yanzu, yana iya wuce matsakaicin ƙimar ƙimar 70mA kuma ya lalata LED. Dole ne a yi amfani da resistor na jerin ko direban halin yanzu mai ƙarfi.

Q: Ta yaya fitar da haske ke canzawa idan na tuƙa shi a 30mA maimakon 50mA?
A: Duba jadawalinDangantakar Ƙarfin Hasken da Halin Yanzu na Gaba (Relative Luminous Intensity vs. Forward Current), fitarwa ba ya daidaita da halin yanzu. A 30mA, ƙimar haske kusan 0.6 (ko 60%) ne na ƙimarsa a 50mA. Saboda haka, ƙarfin haske zai kasance kusan 2130 mcd (0.6 * 3550 mcd).

Q: Shin wannan LED ya dace da PWM dimming?
A: Ee, LED suna da kyau don PWM dimming. Dole ne a duba jadawalinƘarfin Sarrafa Bugun Jini da aka Halatta (Permissible Pulse Handling Capability)don tabbatar da cewa zaɓaɓɓen kololuwar halin yanzu, faɗin bugun jini, da cikakken aiki suna cikin iyakokin aiki masu aminci. Yawanci, don mitoci dimming sama da 100Hz, jadawalin yana ba da damar bugun jini mafi girma fiye da matsakaicin DC, amma har yanzu dole ne a sarrafa matsakaicin wutar lantarki.

11. Misalin Ƙira da Amfani na Aiki

Hali: Ƙirar Hasken Baya na Maɓalli na Mota.Mai ƙira yana buƙatar haskaka jeri na maɓallan tura 5 akan cibiyar sarrafawa. Kowane maɓalli yana buƙatar daidaitaccen haske ja mai ƙanƙanta. Mai ƙira ya zaɓi wannan LED saboda amincin aiki. Ta amfani da wadata 12V na mota, an ƙira da'ira inda kowane LED ke tuƙa ta hanyar mai sarrafa halin yanzu mai ƙarfi da aka saita zuwa 50mA. An sanya LED akan PCB a bayan jagorar haske don rarraba hasken kusurwar 120° daidai a kan alamar maɓalli. Binciken zafi ya tabbatar da cewa a cikin mafi munin yanayin zafi na ɗaki na 85°C, zafin jiki na solder pad ya kasance ƙasa da 100°C, yana kiyaye halin yanzu na gaba a cikin iyakar ragewa daga jadawalin, don haka yana tabbatar da amincin aiki na dogon lokaci.

12. Gabatarwa kan Ka'idar Aiki

Diodes masu fitar da haske (LED) na'urori ne na semiconductor waɗanda ke fitar da haske ta hanyar electroluminescence. Lokacin da aka yi amfani da ƙarfin lantarki na gaba a kan haɗin p-n, electrons daga kayan n-type suna sake haɗuwa da ramuka daga kayan p-type a cikin yanki mai aiki. Wannan tsarin sake haɗawa yana sakin makamashi a cikin nau'in photons (haske). Takamaiman tsawon tsinkaya (launi) na hasken da aka fitar yana ƙayyade ta hanyar tazarar makamashi na kayan semiconductor da aka yi amfani da su a cikin ginin guntu na LED. A cikin wannan LED ja, ana amfani da kayan kamar Aluminum Gallium Arsenide (AlGaAs) ko mahadi iri ɗaya don samar da photons tare da tsawon tsinkaya kusan 615nm, wanda idon ɗan adam ke ganin ja.

13. Trends da Ci gaban Fasaha

Trend a cikin hasken LED na mota yana zuwa ga mafi inganci (ƙarin lumens kowace watt), wanda ke rage amfani da wutar lantarki da kayan aikin zafi. Hakanan akwai motsi zuwa ƙananan girman kunshin tare da mafi girman yawan wutar lantarki, yana ba da damar ƙira mafi ƙanƙanta da salo. Bugu da ƙari, haɗa na'urorin lantarki na sarrafawa kai tsaye tare da kunshin LED (misali, direbobin LED, da'irorin kariya) yana zama gama gari, yana sauƙaƙe ƙirar tsarin ga injiniyoyi. Bukatar maɓalli mafi faɗi da mafi girman fihirisar launi (CRI) don hasken yanayi na ciki kuma yana tura ci gaba a cikin fasahar phosphor da ƙirar guntu da yawa, ko da yake wannan takamaiman na'urar LED ja ce mai launi ɗaya. Ƙa'idodin amincin aiki suna ci gaba da haɓaka, tare da buƙatun tsawon rai da gwaji don sabbin abubuwan damuwa na muhalli.