ITR8307/F43 Na'urar Gano Haske Mai Bimbini - Infrared LED & Phototransistor - Takardun Fasaha na Hausa

1. Bayanin Samfur

ITR8307/F43 ƙaramin na'urar gano haske mai bimbini ne da aka tsara don gano abu a tazara. Ya haɗa diode mai fitar da hasken infrared (IR-LED) da babban NPN silicon phototransistor mai hankali a cikin kunshin filastik guda ɗaya. Babban aikin sa shine gano kasancewar ko rashin wani abu ta hanyar fitar da hasken infrared daga LED kuma auna adadin hasken da ke komawa zuwa phototransistor.

Babban fa'idodin wannan na'urar sun haɗa da saurin amsarta, babban hankalinta ga hasken infrared, da ikonta na tace tsangwama na hasken da ake iya gani, yana tabbatar da aiki mai aminci. Siffarta sirara da ƙanƙanta ta sa ta dace da aikace-aikacen da ke da ƙarancin sarari a cikin na'urorin lantarki na mabukaci da kayan aikin kwamfuta.

An ƙera na'urar don zama mara gubar (Pb-free), mai bin ka'idar EU REACH, kuma tana bin ƙa'idodin marasa halogen (Br < 900ppm, Cl < 900ppm, Br+Cl < 1500ppm). An kuma tsara shi don ci gaba da kasancewa cikin ƙayyadaddun umarnin RoHS.

2. Zurfin Binciken Sigogi na Fasaha

2.1 Matsakaicin Matsakaicin Iyaka

Waɗannan ƙimar suna ayyana iyakokin da za su iya haifar da lalacewa ta dindindin ga na'urar. Ba a garantin aiki a ƙarƙashin waɗannan sharuɗɗan ba.

• Rashin Ƙarfin Wutar Lantarki (Pd) na Shigar (IR-LED):75 mW a ko ƙasa da zafin iska 25°C. Wuce wannan zai iya yin zafi fiye da kima a haɗin LED.
• Ƙarfin Lantarki na Baya na LED (VR):5 V. Yin amfani da mafi girman ƙarfin lantarki na baya zai iya haifar da rushewa.
• Halin Gaba na LED (IF):50 mA ci gaba. Matsakaicin halin gaba (IFP) shine 1 A don bugun jini mai faɗin 100 µs a lokacin 10 ms.
• Rashin Ƙarfin Wutar Lantarki (PC) na Collector na Fitarwa (Phototransistor):75 mW.
• Halin Collector (IC):50 mA matsakaici.
• Ƙarfin Lantarki Collector-Emitter (V_CEO):30 V. Wannan shine matsakaicin ƙarfin lantarki da za a iya amfani da shi tsakanin collector da emitter tare da buɗe tushe.
• Zafin Aiki (T_opr):-25°C zuwa +85°C. Na'urar tana aiki a cikin wannan kewayon zafin yanayi.
• Zafin Ajiya (T_stg):-30°C zuwa +100°C.
• Zafin Solder na Jagora (T_sol):260°C na matsakaicin dakika 5. Wannan yana da mahimmanci ga hanyoyin solder na igiyar ruwa ko sake karkatarwa.

2.2 Halayen Lantarki da Haske

Ana auna waɗannan sigogi a Ta=25°C kuma suna ayyana matsakaicin aikin na'urar.

• Ƙarfin Lantarki na Gaba na LED (V_F):Yawanci 1.2 V, tare da matsakaicin 1.6 V a halin gaba (I_F) na 20 mA. Wannan yana da mahimmanci don ƙirar da'irar tuƙi mai iyakance halin yanzu.
• Matsakaicin Tsawon Zango na LED (λ_P):940 nm. Wannan shine tsawon zangon da IR-LED ke fitar da mafi yawan ƙarfin haske, wanda ya dace da matsakaicin hankali na silicon phototransistor.
• Halin Duhu na Phototransistor (I_CEO):Matsakaicin 100 nA a V_CE=10V ba tare da haske ba (E_e=0). Wannan shine halin yanzu na ɓarna lokacin da na'urar ke 'kashe' kuma yakamata a rage shi don kyakkyawan rabo na sigina zuwa amo.
• Halin Collector (I_C(ON)):Mafi ƙarancin 0.1 mA a ƙarƙashin yanayin gwaji na V_CE=5V da I_F=20mA. Wannan shine photocurrent da aka samar lokacin da LED ke aiki kuma wani abu yana cikin kewayon ganowa.
• Lokacin Tashi/Faɗuwa (t_r, t_f):Yawanci 20 µs kowanne. Wannan yana ayyana saurin sauyawa na phototransistor, mai mahimmanci don gano abubuwa masu saurin motsi ko don watsa bayanai cikin sauri a wasu aikace-aikace.

3. Binciken Lanƙwan Aiki

Takardun bayanai sun haɗa da lanƙwai masu yawa waɗanda ke ba da zurfin fahimtar halayen na'urar a ƙarƙashin yanayi daban-daban. Duk da yake ba a sake yin takamaiman zane-zane a nan ba, an bayyana abubuwan da suke nufi na al'ada.

3.1 Halayen IR-LED

Lanƙwan don mai fitar da infrared yawanci suna nuna alaƙa tsakanin ƙarfin lantarki na gaba da halin gaba (lanƙwan I-V), wanda ba layi daya ba ne. Sun kuma kwatanta ƙarfin haske mai dangi da halin gaba, suna nuna yadda fitowar haske ke ƙaruwa tare da tuƙin tuƙi, da kuma tasirin zafin yanayi akan wannan fitarwa, wanda gabaɗaya yana raguwa yayin da zafin ya tashi.

3.2 Halayen Phototransistor

Lanƙwan don mai karɓa yawanci suna nuna halin collector da ƙarfin lantarki collector-emitter don matakan haske daban-daban (ƙarfin haske na shigarwa). Wannan dangin lanƙwan yana kama da halayen fitarwa na transistor bipolar, tare da haske yana aiki kamar halin yanzu na tushe. Sauran lanƙwan na iya nuna halin collector da nisa zuwa saman mai bimbini ko da halin tuƙin LED, suna ayyana aikin canja wurin na'urar.

3.3 Haɗaɗɗun Halayen Na'ura

Waɗannan lanƙwan suna wakiltar aikin cikakken taron na'urar. Babban jadawali shine halin collector da nisa zuwa daidaitaccen saman mai bimbini (sau da yawa katin fari) don ƙayyadadden halin yanzu na LED. Wannan lanƙwan yana ayyana ingantaccen kewayon ganowa da amsawar da ba ta layi daya ba akan nisa, wanda ke da mahimmanci don ƙirar ganowa na bakin kofa.

4. Bayanan Injiniya da Kunshin

Na'urar ta zo a cikin ƙaramin kunshin da za a iya hawa a saman. An ba da ainihin girmansa a cikin zanen kunshin na takardun bayanai. Muhimman bayanan kula daga zanen sun ƙayyade cewa duk girmansu suna cikin milimita kuma ƙimar gabaɗaya ita ce ±0.15 mm sai dai idan an faɗi akasin haka. An inganta wurin IR-LED da phototransistor a gefe don ganowa mai bimbini. Kunshin ya haɗa da alamun polarity don tabbatar da daidaitaccen alkibla yayin haɗa PCB.

5. Jagororin Solder da Haɗawa

Matsakaicin matsakaicin iyaka don zafin solder na jagora shine 260°C na dakika 5. Dole ne a bi wannan sigar sosai yayin hanyoyin sake karkatarwa ko solder na igiyar ruwa don hana lalata kunshin filastik ko haɗin waya na ciki. Matsakaicin bayanan martaba na IPC/JEDEC J-STD-020 don solder mara guba gabaɗaya suna aiki, amma dole ne a sarrafa matsakaicin zafin jiki da lokacin da ya wuce ruwa mai ruwa. Yakamata a guji dogon bayyanar da babban danshi kafin solder, kuma ana ba da shawarar hanyoyin kulawa na matakin hankali na danshi (MSL), ko da yake ba a bayyana takamaiman rarrabuwar MSL a cikin abubuwan da aka bayar ba.

6. Bayanan Kunshin da Oda

Kunshin na al'ada shine kamar haka:

1. Guda 160 a kowace bututu.
2. Bututu 18 a kowace akwati na ciki.
3. Akwatin ciki 12 a kowace babban akwati (waje).

Lambar da ke kan kunshin ta haɗa da filayen don Lambar Samar da Abokin Ciniki (CPN), Lambar Samarwa (P/N), Adadin Tattarawa (QTY), Matsayi (CAT), Matsakaicin Tsawon Zango (HUE), Tunani (REF), Lambar Rukuni (LOT No.), da Wurin Samarwa.

7. Shawarwari na Aikace-aikace

7.1 Yanayin Aikace-aikace na Al'ada

Takardun bayanai sun lissafa aikace-aikace na gargajiya da yawa: kyamarori (misali, don gano kasancewar fim ko tef), VCRs, na'urorin faifai, na'urorin rikodin kaset, da kayan aikin sarrafa kwamfuta daban-daban. Aikace-aikacen zamani sun haɗa da gano takarda a cikin firintoci, gano tsabar kuɗi a cikin injunan sayar da kaya, ganowa na gefe, ƙidaya abubuwa, da ganowa na kusanci a cikin na'urorin mabukaci inda ake buƙatar ganowa mara lamba.

7.2 Abubuwan Tunani na Zane

• Iyakance Halin Yanzu:Dole ne a yi amfani da resistor na jerin tare da IR-LED don iyakance halin gaba (I_F) zuwa aminci mai aminci, yawanci 20 mA don aikin al'ada, wanda aka lissafta ta amfani da ƙarfin lantarki da ƙarfin lantarki na gaba na LED (V_F).
• Resistor na Kaya:Fitarwar phototransistor tana buƙatar resistor na ja sama ko kaya (R_L) wanda aka haɗa tsakanin collector da samar da ingantaccen. Ƙimarsa tana ƙayyade motsin ƙarfin lantarki da saurin amsawa. Ƙaramin resistor yana ba da saurin amsa amma ƙananan hankali (ƙaramin canjin ƙarfin lantarki).
• Kariya daga Hasken Yanayi:Duk da yake na'urar ta yanke hasken da ake iya gani, tushen infrared na yanayi mai ƙarfi (hasken rana, kwan fitila) na iya shafar aiki. Kariyar injiniya, tacewa na gani, ko dabarun daidaitawa/daidaitawa (bugun LED da karanta fitarwa a lokaci guda) na iya inganta aminci.
• Bimbini:Kewayon ganowa da ƙarfin sigina sun dogara sosai akan bimbini, launi, da yanayin saman abin da aka yi niyya. Ƙila dole ne a yi daidaitawa ko bakin kofa masu daidaitawa.

8. Kwatancen Fasaha

ITR8307/F43 yana ba da takamaiman fasali. Idan aka kwatanta da phototransistors ko photodiodes masu sauƙi, yana ba da ingantaccen mafita mai daidaitawa don ganowa mai bimbini. Idan aka kwatanta da na'urori masu fitarwa na dijital na zamani tare da dabaru na ciki, kayan aikin analog ne wanda ke buƙatar da'irar waje don daidaita sigina, yana ba da sassauƙa mafi girma na ƙira amma mafi rikitarwa. Babban bambancinsa shine ƙaramin girman sa, saurin amsa (20 µs), da bin ka'idodin muhalli (RoHS, REACH, Halogen-Free).

9. Tambayoyin da ake yawan yi (FAQ)

Q: Menene matsakaicin nisa na ganowa?

A: Takardun bayanai ba ta ƙayyade matsakaicin nisa ba saboda ya dogara sosai akan bimbini na abin da aka yi niyya da halin tuƙin LED. Yanayin gwaji na I_C(ON)yana amfani da tazarar 1mm, yana nuna an inganta shi don ganowa mai tazara sosai. Matsakaicin kewayon yawanci milimita kaɗan ne zuwa santimita biyu.

Q: Zan iya tuƙi LED da tushen ƙarfin lantarki kai tsaye?

A: A'a. Dole ne a tuƙi LED da tushen da aka iyakance halin yanzu, kusan koyaushe ana aiwatar da shi tare da resistor na jerin, don hana guduwar zafi da lalacewa daga wuce gona da iri.

Q: Ta yaya zan haɗa fitarwa zuwa microcontroller?

A: Fitarwar collector na phototransistor ƙarfin lantarki ne na analog wanda ke bambanta da hasken da aka nuna. Ana iya haɗa shi zuwa filin mai canza dijital zuwa dijital (ADC) na microcontroller don daidaitaccen ma'auni, ko ta hanyar da'irar kwatanta don ƙirƙirar sigina na kan/kashe na dijital don filin GPIO.

Q: Menene manufar fasalin 'Yanke tsawon zango da ake iya gani'?

A> An tsara phototransistor don zama mai hankali da farko ga hasken infrared na 940 nm daga LED ɗin sa na biyu kuma ƙasa da hankali ga hasken da ake iya gani. Wannan yana rage kaddamar da ƙarya daga canje-canje a cikin hasken ɗaki na yanayi.

10. Misalin Amfani na Aiki

Harka: Gano Ƙarshen Takarda a cikin Firinta na Tebur

Ana sanya na'urar a cikin firinta, tana fuskantar hanyar takarda. Tutar bimbini ko takarda kanta tana aiki azaman abin da aka yi niyya. Lokacin da takarda ta kasance, hasken infrared yana nuna komawa zuwa phototransistor, yana haifar da babban halin yanzu na collector da ƙaramin ƙarfin lantarki (idan ana amfani da resistor na ja sama). Lokacin da takarda ta ƙare, bimbini ya daina, phototransistor ya kashe, kuma ƙarfin lantarki ya tashi sama. Wannan canjin ƙarfin lantarki na'urar sarrafa firinta ta gano, tana haifar da faɗakarwar "takarda ta ƙare" ga mai amfani. Saurin amsawa yana tabbatar da ganowa ko da a babban saurin ciyar da takarda.

11. Ka'idar Aiki

ITR8307/F43 yana aiki akan ka'idar bimbini na haske. GaAs infrared LED na ciki yana canza halin yanzu zuwa hasken infrared (940 nm). Ana fitar da wannan haske zuwa yankin da aka yi niyya. Idan akwai wani abu a cikin filin ganowa, wani ɓangare na wannan haske yana nuna komawa. Haɗaɗɗun NPN silicon phototransistor yana aiki azaman mai karɓa. Lokacin da photons daga hasken infrared da aka nuna suka bugi haɗin tushe-collector na phototransistor, suna haifar da nau'i-nau'i na electron-ramu. Wannan halin yanzu na hoto yana aiki azaman halin yanzu na tushe, wanda aka ƙara haɓaka shi ta hanyar ribar transistor, yana haifar da mafi girma halin yanzu na collector (I_C). Girman wannan halin yanzu na collector yana daidai da ƙarfin hasken infrared da aka nuna, wanda kuma ya dogara da nisa da bimbini na abu. Ta hanyar auna wannan halin yanzu na fitarwa (ko ƙarfin lantarki a kan resistor na kaya), ana iya ƙayyade kasancewar, rashi, ko ma kimanin nisa na wani abu.

12. Trends na Fasaha

Na'urori masu gano haske mai bimbini kamar ITR8307/F43 suna wakiltar fasaha mai girma kuma mai aminci. Trends na yanzu a fagen sun haɗa da ƙarin ƙarancin girman kayan, haɗa na'urar tare da da'irar gaban analog (masu haɓakawa, ADCs) da dabaru na dijital (musaya I2C/SPI) cikin mafita guda ɗaya, rage adadin abubuwan waje. Hakanan akwai mayar da hankali kan ƙarancin amfani da wutar lantarki don na'urori masu aiki da baturi da ingantattun algorithms don soke hasken bango da auna nisa. Bukatar abubuwan da suka dace da muhalli (kore), wanda wannan na'urar ke magana da ita, ta ci gaba da zama babban mai tuƙi a cikin masana'antar lantarki.

13. Bayanin Keɓewa da Muhimman Bayanan Kula

Dangane da abubuwan da ke cikin takardun bayanai, waɗannan bayanan keɓewa da bayanan kula suna da mahimmanci ga masu amfani:

1. Mai ƙera yana riƙe da haƙƙin daidaita kayan samfur.
2. Samfurin ya cika ƙayyadaddun bayanansa na bugu na watanni 12 daga ranar jigilar kaya.
3. Zane-zane da ƙimar al'ada don tunani ne kawai kuma ba sa wakiltar tabbataccen iyaka ko matsakaicin iyaka.
4. Mai amfani yana da alhakin sarrafa na'urar a cikin Matsakaicin Matsakaicin Iyakokinta. Mai ƙera bai ɗauki alhakin lalacewa sakamakon amfani mara kyau ba.
5. Abubuwan da ke cikin takardun bayanai suna da haƙƙin mallaka; sake haifarwa yana buƙatar izini a baya.
6. Gargadi Mai Muhimmanci:Wannan samfurinba a nufinamfani da shi a cikin aikace-aikacen masu mahimmanci na aminci ciki har da soja, jirgin sama, mota, likita, kiyaye rayuwa, ko kayan aikin ceton rayuwa. Don irin waɗannan aikace-aikace, dole ne a sami izini a fili.