Bayanin Fasaha na LED LTST-C230KSKT Mai Haɗawa ta Baya - LED Mai Ruwa Mai Tsabta - 20mA - 2.4V - Takardun Fasaha na Hausa

1. Bayyani Game da Samfurin

Wannan takarda ta yi cikakken bayani game da ƙayyadaddun bayanai na babban haske, LED mai haɗawa ta baya ta amfani da fasahar AlInGaP (Aluminum Indium Gallium Phosphide). An ƙera na'urar don aikace-aikacen haɗawa ta saman kuma tana da ruwa mai tsabta wanda ke fitar da hasken rawaya. An yi marufinsa akan kaset mai girman 8mm wanda aka nannade akan reels mai diamita 7-inch, wanda ya sa ya dace da tsarin haɗawa ta atomatik da kuma tsarin solder na reflow na infrared (IR) na yau da kullun. Samfurin ya bi umarnin RoHS (Ƙuntata Abubuwa Masu Haɗari), wanda ya sanya shi a matsayin samfuri mai kore.

1.1 Siffofi na Asali da Kasuwar Da Ake Nufi

Babban siffofin wannan LED sun haɗa da zanensa na haɗawa ta baya, wanda zai iya zama mai fa'ida ga takamaiman tsarin gani ko na injiniya, da kuma amfani da ƙwayar AlInGaP mai tsananin haske, wanda aka sani da ingantaccen aiki da kwanciyar hankali. Marufin ya yi daidai da ma'auni na EIA (Electronic Industries Alliance), yana tabbatar da dacewa mai yawa. Halayensa na turawa masu dacewa da I.C. (Integrated Circuit) sun sa ya dace don haɗawa kai tsaye tare da fitarwa na microcontroller ko da'irori na turawa. An yi niyya ga wannan LED don aikace-aikace a cikin kayan lantarki na mabukaci, alamomin masana'antu, hasken ciki na mota, da kuma hasken baya na gaba ɗaya inda ake buƙatar ingantaccen haɗawa ta atomatik.

2. Zurfin Bincike na Ma'aunin Fasaha

2.1 Iyakar Ma'auni Mafi Girma

Waɗannan ma'auni suna bayyana iyakokin damuwa waɗanda bayan su lalacewa na dindindin na iya faruwa ga na'urar. An ƙayyade su a yanayin zafin muhalli (Ta) na 25°C.

• Rushewar Wutar Lantarki (Pd):75 mW. Wannan shine matsakaicin adadin wutar lantarki da marufin LED zai iya watsawa a matsayin zafi.
• Matsakaicin Halin Yanzu na Gaba (I_F(PEAK)):80 mA. Ana yarda da wannan kawai a ƙarƙashin yanayin bugun jini (1/10 aikin aiki, 0.1ms faɗin bugun) don hana yin zafi sosai.
• DC Halin Yanzu na Gaba (I_F):30 mA. Wannan shine matsakaicin ci gaba da halin yanzu da aka ba da shawarar don dogon lokaci mai aminci.
• Ƙarfin Wutar Lantarki na Baya (V_R):5 V. Wuce wannan ƙarfin lantarki a cikin karkatar da baya na iya haifar da rushewar haɗin gwiwa.
• Yanayin Aiki & Ajiya:-55°C zuwa +85°C. An ƙididdige na'urar don aiki da ajiya a cikin wannan faɗin yanayin zafi na masana'antu.
• Yanayin Solder na Infrared:Yana jure zafin kololuwa na 260°C na tsawon dakika 10, yana bin tsarin solder na reflow maras gubar (Pb-free).

2.2 Halaye na Lantarki da na Gani

Waɗannan su ne ma'auni na aikin yau da kullun da aka auna a Ta=25°C da I_F=20mA, sai dai idan an faɗi.

• Ƙarfin Hasken (I_V):18.0 - 60.0 mcd (millicandela). Ainihin ƙarfin an rarraba shi (duba Sashe na 3). Ma'auni yana bin lankwasa amsawar ido na CIE.
• Kusurwar Dubawa (2θ_1/2):Digiri 130. Wannan faɗin kusurwar dubawa tana nuna tsarin fitar da haske mai yaduwa, wanda bai mai da hankali ba wanda ya dace da hasken yanki.
• Matsakaicin Tsawon Tsawon Watsawa (λ_P):588 nm. Wannan shine tsawon zango inda fitar da ƙarfin bakan ya fi girma.
• Matsakaicin Tsawon Zango (λ_d):587 nm. An samo shi daga zanen launi na CIE, wannan tsawon zango guda ɗaya ya fi wakiltar launin da aka gani (rawaya) na LED.
• Rabin Faɗin Layin Bakan (Δλ):15 nm. Wannan ƙunƙuntaccen bandwidth sifa ce ta LED na AlInGaP, yana ba da cikakken tsaftar launi.
• Ƙarfin Wutar Lantarki na Gaba (V_F):2.0V (Mafi ƙanƙanta), 2.4V (Na yau da kullun) a 20mA. Wannan ma'auni yana da mahimmanci don ƙirar da'irar iyakance halin yanzu.
• Halin Yanzu na Baya (I_R):10 μA (Matsakaici) a V_R=5V.
• Ƙarfin Ƙarfafawa (C):40 pF (Na yau da kullun) a V_F=0V, f=1MHz. Yana da alaƙa da aikace-aikacen sauyawa mai sauri.

3. Bayanin Tsarin Rarrabuwa (Binning)

An rarraba ƙarfin hasken LED zuwa rukunoni don tabbatar da daidaito. Lambar rukunin tana bayyana mafi ƙanƙanta da matsakaicin kewayon ƙarfin da aka auna a 20mA. Tolerancin a cikin kowane rukuni shine +/-15%.

• Rukunin M:18.0 - 28.0 mcd
• Rukunin N:28.0 - 45.0 mcd
• Rukunin P:45.0 - 71.0 mcd
• Rukunin Q:71.0 - 112.0 mcd
• Rukunin R:112.0 - 180.0 mcd

Wannan tsarin yana ba masu zane damar zaɓar LED tare da matakin haske da ake buƙata don aikace-aikacensu, yana tabbatar da daidaiton gani a cikin jerin LED masu yawa.

4. Nazarin Lankwasa na Aiki

Yayin da aka ambaci takamaiman zane-zane a cikin takardar bayanai (misali, Hoto.1, Hoto.5), lankwasan na yau da kullun don irin waɗannan LED ɗin zai haɗa da:

• Lankwasa I-V (Halin Yanzu-Ƙarfin Wutar Lantarki):Yana nuna alaƙar ma'auni tsakanin ƙarfin lantarki na gaba da halin yanzu. Ƙarfin lantarki na gwiwa yana kusa da 2.0-2.4V.
• Ƙarfin Hasken vs. Halin Yanzu na Gaba:Ƙarfin yana ƙaruwa kusan daidai da halin yanzu har zuwa matsakaicin halin yanzu da aka ƙidaya.
• Ƙarfin Hasken vs. Yanayin Muhalli:Ƙarfin yana raguwa yawanci yayin da yanayin zafi ya ƙaru saboda raguwar ingancin ƙididdigewa da ƙaruwar haɗuwa mara haske.
• Rarraba Bakan:Zanen da ke nuna fitar da haske da tsawon zango, yana kololuwa a 588nm tare da rabin faɗi na 15nm.
• Tsarin Kusurwar Dubawa:Zanen polar wanda ke kwatanta faɗin kusurwar dubawa na digiri 130 inda ƙarfin ya faɗi zuwa rabin ƙimar sa akan axis.

5. Bayanin Injiniya da Marufi

LED yana zuwa a cikin marufi na SMD na yau da kullun. Takardar bayanai ta haɗa da cikakkun zane-zane masu girma (a cikin mm) don kayan aikin da kansa. Muhimman bayanan injiniya sun haɗa da:

• Tolerancin akan yawancin girma shine ±0.10mm.
• An ƙera marufin don haɗawa ta baya.
• An ba da shawarar girma na solder pad don tabbatar da haɗin solder mai aminci da daidaitawar da ta dace yayin reflow.
• An nuna polarity akan na'urar, wanda yake da mahimmanci don shigar daidai.

5.1 Marufin Kaset da Reel

Ana ba da LED ɗin akan kaset mai ɗaukar kaya mai girman 8mm wanda aka rufe da kaset ɗin saman, wanda aka nannade akan reels mai diamita 7-inch (178mm).

• Adadin Kowane Reel:Guda 3000.
• Mafi ƙarancin Adadin Oda (MOQ):Guda 500 don sauran adadi.
• Ma'auni na Marufi:Yana bin ƙayyadaddun bayanai na ANSI/EIA-481.
• Abubuwan da suka ɓace:Ana ba da izinin matsakaicin aljihu biyu a jere a kowane ma'auni na reel.

6. Jagororin Solder da Haɗawa

6.1 Tsarin Solder na Reflow

An ba da shawarar bayanin martaba na reflow na IR don hanyoyin marasa gubar. Muhimman ma'auni sun haɗa da:

• Pre-heat:150-200°C.
• Lokacin Pre-heat:Matsakaicin dakika 120.
• Matsakaicin Zazzabi:Matsakaicin 260°C.
• Lokacin Sama da Liquidus (a kololuwa):Matsakaicin dakika 10. Kada a yi wa LED reflow fiye da sau biyu.

Bayanin martaba ya dogara ne akan ma'auni na JEDEC. Dole ne masu zane su siffanta takamaiman tsarin haɗin PCB ɗin su, la'akari da zanen allon, manna solder, da halayen tanda.

6.2 Solder da Hannu

Idan solder da hannu ya zama dole:

• Zazzabin Ƙarfe:Matsakaicin 300°C.
• Lokacin Solder:Matsakaicin dakika 3 a kowane jagora.
• Iyaka zuwa zagayen solder ɗaya kawai.

6.3 Tsaftacewa

Idan ana buƙatar tsaftacewa bayan solder:

• Yi amfani da takamaiman kaushi kawai: barasa na ethyl ko barasa na isopropyl a yanayin zafi na yau da kullun.
• Lokacin nutsarwa ya kamata ya zama ƙasa da minti ɗaya.
• Sinadarai da ba a bayyana ba na iya lalata marufin LED.

6.4 Yanayin Ajiya

• Marufi Mai Rufi (tare da desiccant):Ajiye a ≤30°C da ≤90% RH. Yi amfani da shi cikin shekara guda.
• Marufi da aka Buɗe:Ajiye a ≤30°C da ≤60% RH. Don abubuwan da aka cire daga marufi mai hana danshi, ana ba da shawarar kammala reflow na IR cikin sa'o'i 672 (kwanaki 28, MSL 2a).
• Ajiya Mai Tsayi (ba a cikin jakar ba):Ajiye a cikin akwati mai rufi tare da desiccant ko a cikin desiccator na nitrogen. Idan an ajiye na >672 hours, gasa a 60°C na aƙalla sa'o'i 20 kafin solder don cire danshin da aka sha da kuma hana "popcorning" yayin reflow.

7. Shawarwari na Aikace-aikace da Abubuwan Ɗauka a Zuciya na Zane

7.1 Yanayin Aikace-aikace na Yau da Kullun

• Alamomin Matsayi:A kan kayan lantarki na mabukaci, kayan aikin gida, da kayan aikin sadarwa.
• Hasken Baya:Don maɓallai akan maɓallan maɓalli, maɓallan membrane, ko ƙananan allunan LCD.
• Hasken Ciki na Mota:Don gumakan dashboard, hasken maɓalli, ko hasken muhalli.
• Alamomin Panel na Masana'antu:Samar da bayyanannen matsayi na gani a cikin allunan sarrafawa.

7.2 Hanyar Turawa da Zanen Da'ira

LEDs na'urori ne masu aiki da halin yanzu. Don tabbatar da ingantaccen fitar da haske da dogon rayuwa:

• Koyaushe yi amfani da resistor mai iyakance halin yanzu ko direba mai tsayayyen halin yanzu.Kada a haɗa kai tsaye zuwa tushen ƙarfin lantarki.
• Lissafta resistor na jerin ta amfani da: R = (V_supply- V_F) / I_F. Yi amfani da matsakaicin V_Fdaga takardar bayanai don zane mai ra'ayin mazan jiya.
• Misali, tare da samar da 5V da kuma niyya I_F=20mA: R = (5V - 2.4V) / 0.02A = 130 Ω. Matsakaicin resistor na 130Ω ko 150Ω zai dace.
• Don PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) dimming, tabbatar da cewa mitar ya isa (>100Hz) don guje wa flicker da ake iya gani.

7.3 Kariya daga Zubar da Wutar Lantarki (ESD)

LEDs suna da hankali ga ESD. Koyaushe bi waɗannan matakan kariya yayin sarrafawa da haɗawa:

• Yi amfani da bel ɗin wuyan da aka kafa ko safar hannu masu hana tashin hankali.
• Tabbatar cewa duk tashoshin aiki, kayan aiki, da injina suna da tushe daidai.
• Ajiye da jigilar LED a cikin marufi mai aminci na ESD.

8. Kwatancen Fasaha da Bambance-bambance

Idan aka kwatanta da LED na hanyar rami na gargajiya ko wasu nau'ikan SMD, wannan na'urar tana ba da fa'idodi da yawa:

• Zane na Haɗawa ta Baya:Yana ba da sassauci don zanen gani inda saman fitar da haske yana buƙatar zama kusa da PCB ko don takamaiman kusurwoyin fitar da haske.
• Fasahar AlInGaP:Yana ba da inganci mafi girma da ingantaccen kwanciyar hankali na zafi idan aka kwatanta da tsofaffin fasahohi kamar GaAsP, yana haifar da fitar da hasken rawaya mai haske da daidaito.
• Cikakkiyar Dacewar SMD:Marufin kaset-da-reel da dacewa da reflow na IR suna ba da damar haɗawa ta atomatik mai sauri, mai rahusa, yana rage lokacin ƙira da yuwuwar kuskuren hannu.
• Faɗin Kusurwar Dubawa:Kusurwar digiri 130 tana ba da haske mai faɗi, daidai maimakon ƙunƙuntaccen katako, wanda ya dace da aikace-aikacen nuni.

9. Tambayoyin da Ake Yawan Yi (FAQs)

Q1: Menene bambanci tsakanin tsawon zango na kololuwa (588nm) da tsawon zango mai rinjaye (587nm)?

A1: Tsawon zango na kololuwa shine madaidaicin maki na fitarwa mafi girma na bakan. Tsawon zango mai rinjaye ƙima ce da aka lissafta daga ma'aunin launi wanda ya fi dacewa da fahimtar idon ɗan adam na launin. Sau da yawa suna kusa sosai ga LED masu launi ɗaya kamar wannan.

Q2: Shin zan iya turawa wannan LED a 30mA akai-akai?

A2: Ee, 30mA shine matsakaicin halin yanzu na gaba na DC da aka ƙidaya. Duk da haka, don mafi kyawun tsawon rayuwa da kuma la'akari da ƙararrakin yanayin muhalli, ana ba da shawarar turawa shi a ko ƙasa da na yau da kullun 20mA. Koyaushe yi la'akari da sarrafa zafi akan PCB.

Q3: Menene ma'anar "haɗawa ta baya"?

A3: A cikin LED na SMD na yau da kullun, ruwan tabarau yana fuskantar nesa da PCB. A cikin zanen haɗawa ta baya, an yi niyya ga LED don haɗawa tare da ruwan tabarau yana fuskantarzuwa gaPCB. Wannan sau da yawa yana buƙatar rami ko buɗaɗɗen rami a cikin PCB don hasken ya fita, yana ba da damar haɗin gani na musamman.

Q4: Ta yaya zan fassara lambar rukunin a cikin lambar sashi?

A4: Lambar rukunin (misali, KSKT) ba a cikakken bayani ba a cikin ɓangaren da aka cire amma yawanci yana dace da takamaiman kewayon ƙarfin haske kuma wani lokacin launi. An ba da rukunin rukuni daban (M, N, P, Q, R) don ƙayyade matakin ƙarfin da aka oda. Tuntubi cikakken takardar rarrabuwa na masana'anta don ainihin taswirar kari na lambar sashi.

10. Nazarin Aikin Zane na Aiki

Yanayi:Zanen alamar matsayi mai ƙarancin wutar lantarki, rawaya don na'urar da ke ɗauke da layin microcontroller na 3.3V.

Matakan Zane:

1. Zaɓin Halin Yanzu:Zaɓi halin yanzu na turawa na 10mA don ƙarancin amfani da wutar lantarki yayin kiyaye kyakkyawan gani. Dangane da lankwasan na yau da kullun, ƙarfin haske a 10mA zai kasance kusan daidai da halin yanzu (kusan rabin ƙimar 20mA).
2. Lissafin Resistor:Yin amfani da V na yau da kullun_F= 2.4V da samarwa = 3.3V. R = (3.3V - 2.4V) / 0.01A = 90 Ω. Matsakaicin ƙimar daidaitaccen ƙima shine 91 Ω.
3. Binciken Rushewar Wutar Lantarki:Wutar lantarki a cikin LED: P_LED= V_F* I_F= 2.4V * 0.01A = 24 mW, ƙasa da matsakaicin 75 mW. Wutar lantarki a cikin resistor: P_R= (0.01A)^2 * 91Ω = 9.1 mW.
4. Tsarin PCB:Bi shawarar girman solder pad daga takardar bayanai. Tabbatar da alamar polarity akan sawun ƙafa ta dace da alamar cathode na LED. Idan ana amfani da fasalin haɗawa ta baya, ƙira daidaitaccen buɗaɗɗen rami a cikin PCB a ƙarƙashin wurin LED.
5. ESD & Haɗawa:Ƙayyade matakan kariya na ESD a cikin jagorar haɗawa. Yi amfani da ƙayyadaddun bayanan martaba na reflow da aka ba da shawarar a matsayin farkon don cancantar tsari.

11. Gabatarwa da Ka'idar Fasaha

LED ya dogara ne akan kayan semiconductor na AlInGaP da aka girma akan substrate. Lokacin da aka yi amfani da ƙarfin lantarki na gaba a kan haɗin p-n, ana shigar da electrons da ramuka cikin yankin aiki inda suke sake haɗuwa. A cikin kayan bandgap kai tsaye kamar AlInGaP, wannan sake haɗuwa yana sakin makamashi a cikin nau'in photons (haske). Takamaiman tsawon zango na hasken rawaya (~587-588 nm) an ƙaddara shi ta hanyar ƙarfin bandgap na haɗin gwiwar AlInGaP. Ruwan tabarau na epoxy mai tsabta yana rufe ƙwayar, yana ba da kariya ta injiniya, yana siffanta fitar da haske (kusurwar dubawa na digiri 130), da kuma haɓaka ingancin fitar da haske.

12. Trends na Masana'antu

Kasuwar SMD LEDs na ci gaba da haɓaka zuwa:

• Mafi Girman Ingantaccen Aiki:Ƙarin lumens kowace watt (lm/W), rage amfani da wutar lantarki don fitar da haske iri ɗaya.
• Ƙananan Girma:Ƙananan girman marufi (misali, 0402, 0201) yana ba da damar yawan yawa akan PCBs.
• Ingantaccen Daidaituwar Launi:Ƙunƙuntaccen tolerancin rarrabuwa don duka ƙarfi da daidaitawar launi, mahimmanci don aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar kamanni iri ɗaya.
• Ingantaccen Dogaro:Mafi kyawun aiki a ƙarƙashin babban zafi da danshi, yana tsawaita rayuwar aiki a cikin yanayi masu wahala kamar mota.
• Maganganun Haɗin Kai:LEDs tare da resistors masu iyakance halin yanzu da aka gina a ciki, diodes na Zener don kariya daga ESD, ko ma ICs direba, yana sauƙaƙa zanen da'ira.

Wannan LED na AlInGaP mai haɗawa ta baya yana wakiltar mafita mai girma kuma mai dogaro a cikin wannan babban yanayin, yana ba da daidaito na aiki, farashi, da ƙirar ƙira don faɗin aikace-aikacen nuni.