Takardar Bayani na LED LTST-C230KRKT - LED Mai Haɗawa ta Baya - Launi Ja - 20mA Na Yanzu - 2.4V Ƙarfin Wuta - Takardar Fasaha ta Hausa

1. Bayyani Game da Samfur

Wannan takarda ta yi cikakken bayani game da ƙayyadaddun fasaha na LED mai haɗawa ta baya, irin chip, mai ƙarfin haske. Na'urar tana amfani da ingantaccen kayan semiconductor na AlInGaP (Aluminum Indium Gallium Phosphide), wanda aka sani da samar da ingantaccen ƙarfin haske da tsaftar launi, musamman a cikin bakan ja. Babban siffar zane shi ne tsarin haɗawa ta baya, wanda ya sa ya dace da aikace-aikace inda ake haɗa LED a gefen PCB daban da inda haske ke fitowa. Wannan kunshin ya yi daidai da ƙa'idodin EIA, an tsara shi don dacewa da kayan aikin sarrafawa ta atomatik, kuma an cancanta don amfani da shi a cikin hanyoyin haɗawa ta reflow marasa gubar. Ana ba da shi a kan tef ɗin daidaitaccen masana'antu mai nisan milimita 8 wanda aka haɗa a kan reels inci 7 don ingantaccen samarwa mai yawa.

2. Zurfin Binciken Ƙayyadaddun Fasaha

2.1 Madaidaicin Ma'auni na Gabaɗaya

Madaidaicin ma'auni na gabaɗaya suna ayyana iyakokin matsin lamba wanda bayansa lalacewa ta dindindin na iya faruwa ga na'urar. Ana ƙayyade waɗannan ma'auni a yanayin zafin muhalli (Ta) na 25°C. Matsakaicin ƙarfin watsawa na ci gaba shine 75 mW. Yanzun gaba na DC bai kamata ya wuce 30 mA a ƙarƙashin yanayin aiki na al'ada ba. Don aikin pulsed, matsakaicin yanzun gaba na 80 mA yana yiwuwa a ƙarƙashin tsarin aiki mai tsauri na 1/10 tare da faɗin bugun jini na 0.1ms. Na'urar na iya jure ƙarfin wuta mai juyawa har zuwa 5 V. Kewayon zafin aiki daga -30°C zuwa +85°C, yayin da kewayon zafin ajiya ya fi faɗi kaɗan, daga -40°C zuwa +85°C. An ƙididdige na'urar don tsira daga haɗawa ta reflow infrared a matsakaicin zafin jiki na 260°C na tsawon dakika 10, wanda ya yi daidai da yanayin haɗawa na al'ada marasa gubar.

2.2 Halayen Lantarki da Na Gani

Ana auna mahimman sigogin aiki a Ta=25°C tare da yanzun gaba (IF) na 20 mA, wanda shine daidaitaccen yanayin gwaji. Ƙarfin haske (Iv) yana da ƙimar al'ada na 54.0 millicandelas (mcd) tare da mafi ƙarancin ƙayyadaddun ƙimar 18.0 mcd. Ana auna wannan ƙarfin ta amfani da haɗin firikwensin da tacewa wanda ke kusantar lanƙwan amsawar idon ɗan adam na photopic (CIE). Na'urar tana da faɗin kusurwar kallo (2θ1/2) mai faɗi sosai na digiri 130, wanda aka ayyana shi azaman cikakken kusurwar da ƙarfin haske ya ragu zuwa rabin ƙimar axial (on-axis). Matsakaicin tsayin tsayin fitarwa (λP) yawanci shine nanomita 639 (nm), yayin da tsayin tsayin da ya fi rinjaye (λd), wanda a fahimta yake ayyana launi, yawanci shine 631 nm. Ramin rabin layin bakan (Δλ) shine 20 nm, yana nuna ƙunƙuntaccen bandwidth na bakan halayen fasahar AlInGaP. Ƙarfin wuta na gaba (VF) yawanci yana auna 2.4 V tare da matsakaicin 2.4 V a 20 mA. Yanzun juyawa (IR) yana iyakance zuwa matsakaicin 10 μA lokacin da aka yi amfani da jujjuyawar baya na 5 V.

3. Bayanin Tsarin Rarraba (Binning)

Don tabbatar da daidaito a cikin haske a cikin batutuwan samarwa, ana rarraba LED ɗin zuwa kwandon ƙarfi. Ana yin rarrabuwa bisa ƙarfin haske da aka auna a 20 mA. Jerin lambobin bin da aka bayar ya haɗa da nau'ikan da yawa: Bin M (18.0-28.0 mcd), Bin N (28.0-45.0 mcd), Bin P (45.0-71.0 mcd), Bin Q (71.0-112.0 mcd), da Bin R (112.0-180.0 mcd). Ana amfani da juzu'i na +/-15% ga ƙarfin a cikin kowane bin. Wannan tsarin yana ba masu zane damar zaɓar madaidaicin matakin haske don aikace-aikacensu, yana tabbatar da daidaiton gani a cikin samfuran da ke amfani da LED ɗin da yawa.

4. Binciken Lanƙwan Ayyuka

Yayin da aka ambaci takamaiman lanƙwan hoto a cikin takardar bayani (misali, Hoto na 1 don rarraba bakan, Hoto na 5 don tsarin kusurwar kallo), ba a bayar da maki bayanansu a cikin rubutu ba. Yawanci, irin waɗannan lanƙwan za su kwatanta dangantakar tsakanin yanzun gaba da ƙarfin haske (yana nuna kusan haɓaka mai layi har sai jikewa), tasirin yanayin zafin muhalli akan ƙarfin haske (yana nuna raguwa tare da hawan zafin jiki), da cikakken rarraba ƙarfin bakan da ke kololuwa a kusa da 639 nm. Waɗannan lanƙwan suna da mahimmanci don fahimtar halayen na'urar a ƙarƙashin yanayin aiki mara daidaito da kuma don ingantaccen tsarin gani na tsarin.

5. Bayanin Injiniya da Kunshin

Na'urar ta yi daidai da daidaitaccen tsarin kunshin EIA. An ba da cikakkun bayanai game da girman kunshin a cikin zane-zanen takardar bayani, gami da tsayi, faɗi, tsayi, da girman kushin lantarki, duk an ƙayyade su a cikin milimita tare da juzu'i na al'ada na ±0.10 mm. Kalmar "haɗawa ta baya" tana da mahimmanci ga shimfidar PCB; dole ne a daidaita kayan aikin daidai don haske ya fitar ta cikin allon. Takardar bayani ta haɗa da ƙayyadaddun girman kushin haɗawa don tabbatar da ingantaccen haɗin gwiwa da daidaitaccen daidaito yayin aikin reflow. Ana nuna polarity ta hanyar alamar kunshin ko ƙirar kushin.

6. Jagororin Haɗawa da Tari

6.1 Bayanin Yanayin Haɗawa ta Reflow

An ba da shawarar yanayin reflow infrared don hanyoyin haɗawa marasa gubar. Mahimman sigogi sun haɗa da zafin yanki na pre-heat tsakanin 150°C da 200°C, lokacin pre-heat har zuwa dakika 120 matsakaici, matsakaicin zafin jiki bai wuce 260°C ba, da lokacin da ya wuce 260°C an iyakance shi zuwa matsakaicin dakika 10. Ana ba da shawarar cewa bayanin ya bi ƙa'idodin JEDEC kuma an siffanta shi don takamaiman ƙirar PCB, man haɗawa, da tanda da ake amfani da su a cikin samarwa.

6.2 Sarrafawa da Ajiya

LED yana da hankali ga Zubar da Lantarki (ESD). Dole ne a yi matakan kariya na ESD da suka dace, kamar amfani da abin wuya na ƙasa da tashoshin aiki masu hana lantarki, yayin sarrafawa. Don ajiya, idan ainihin jakar kariya daga danshi tare da desiccant ba a buɗe ba, ya kamata a ajiye na'urar a ≤30°C da ≤90% Danshin Dangi (RH) kuma a yi amfani da ita cikin shekara guda. Da zarar an buɗe jakar, yanayin ajiya bai kamata ya wuce 30°C da 60% RH ba. Abubuwan da aka fallasa ga yanayin muhalli fiye da sa'o'i 672 (kwanaki 28, MSL 2a) ya kamata a gasa su a kusan 60°C na aƙalla sa'o'i 20 kafin haɗawa don cire danshin da aka sha da hana "popcorning" yayin reflow.

6.3 Tsaftacewa

Idan ana buƙatar tsaftacewa bayan haɗawa, kawai dole ne a yi amfani da takamaiman kaushi na barasa kamar ethyl alcohol ko isopropyl alcohol. Ya kamata a nutsar da LED a yanayin zafi na al'ada na ƙasa da minti ɗaya. Yin amfani da wadatar da ba a ƙayyade ba ko masu tsaftacewa na sinadarai na iya lalata kayan kunshin LED.

7. Bayanin Kunshin da Oda

Ana ba da samfurin a cikin tsarin tef da reel wanda ya dace da kayan aikin haɗawa ta atomatik. Faɗin tef ɗin milimita 8 ne. Reels ɗin suna da diamita inci 7 kuma yawanci suna ɗauke da guda 3000 a kowane cikakken reel. Don adadin da bai kai cikakken reel ba, mafi ƙarancin adadin kunshin guda 500 ya shafi ragowar kuri'un. Kunshin yana bin ƙayyadaddun ANSI/EIA-481. Ana rufe tef ɗin da tef ɗin murfi akan aljihunan fanko, kuma matsakaicin adadin abubuwan da suka ɓace a jere a cikin tef ɗin shine biyu.

8. Shawarwarin Aikace-aikace

8.1 Yanayin Aikace-aikace na Yau da Kullun

Wannan LED mai haɗawa ta baya ya dace da aikace-aikacen hasken baya inda ake buƙatar siriri, kamar a cikin maɓallan membrane, alamun gaban allon, da hasken baya na LCD inda ake haɗa LED a bayan PCB. Faɗin kusurwar kallonsa ya sa ya dace da hasken yanki ko alamomin matsayi waɗanda ke buƙatar ganin su daga faɗin kusurwoyi. Ƙarfin haske da kwanciyar hankali na launin ja suma suna sa ya dace a cikin hasken ciki na mota, fitilun matsayi na kayan lantarki na mabukaci, da alamun kayan aikin masana'antu.

8.2 Abubuwan da Ya Kamata a Yi la'akari da su a Zane

Hanyar Turawa:LEDs na'urori ne masu turawa ta yanzu. Don tabbatar da daidaitaccen haske da launi, da kuma hana guduwar zafi, dole ne a tura su ta hanyar tushen yanzu na dindindin ko ta hanyar resistor mai iyakance yanzu. Ƙayyadaddun bayanai na takardar bayani sun dogara ne akan 20mA; turawa a yanzu daban-daban zai shafi ƙarfi, ƙarfin wuta, da tsawon rayuwa.
Gudanar da Zafi:Ko da yake ƙarfin watsawa yana da ƙasa, kiyaye zafin haɗin gwiwa a cikin iyakoki yana da mahimmanci ga dogon lokacin dogaro. Tabbatar da isasshen yankin tagulla na PCB ko ramukan zafi idan ana aiki a manyan yanayin zafi na muhalli ko kusa da matsakaicin yanzu.
Zanen Gani:Faɗin kusurwar kallo na digiri 130 yana ba da tsarin haske mai watsewa. Don ƙarin haske mai mai da hankali, ƙila ana buƙatar ruwan tabarau na waje ko jagororin haske. Ƙirar haɗawa ta baya tana buƙatar daidaitaccen rami a cikin PCB ko gaban allon don fitar da haske.

9. Kwatancen Fasaha da Bambance-bambance

Idan aka kwatanta da na al'ada na LED na rami ko daidaitattun LED na SMD masu fitarwa sama, babban abin da ya bambanta wannan na'urar shine ikon haɗawa ta baya, yana ba da damar haɗin kai na musamman. Amfani da fasahar AlInGaP yana ba da fa'idodi akan tsofaffin LED na GaAsP ko GaP, gami da ingantaccen ƙarfin haske sosai (ƙarin fitar da haske a kowace raka'a na wutar lantarki), mafi kyawun kwanciyar hankali na zafin jiki na launi da fitarwa, da ingantaccen dogon lokacin dogaro. Haɗin ƙarfin haske, faɗin kusurwar kallo, da dacewa da atomatik, manyan hanyoyin reflow yana sa ya zama zamani, ingantaccen mafita ga ƙungiyoyin lantarki masu yawa.

10. Tambayoyin da Ake Yawan Yi (FAQ)

Q: Me ake nufi da "haɗawa ta baya"?
A: Yana nufin an tsara LED ɗin don haɗawa a kan PCB tare da fuskarsa mai fitar da haske yana fuskantar ƙasa zuwa allon. Hasken yana fita ta wani rami a cikin PCB ko kuma yana nunawa, yana ba da damar shigarwa mai ƙarancin bayyanawa.

Q: Zan iya turawa wannan LED kai tsaye daga fitarwar dabaru na 3.3V ko 5V?
A: Ba kai tsaye ba tare da resistor na jerin. Matsakaicin ƙarfin wuta na gaba shine 2.4V a 20mA. Dole ne a ƙididdige resistor mai iyakance yanzu bisa ƙarfin wutar samarwa (Vsupply), ƙarfin wuta na gaba na LED (Vf), da yanzun da ake so (If): R = (Vsupply - Vf) / If. Misali, tare da samar da 5V: R = (5V - 2.4V) / 0.020A = 130 Ohms (amfani da mafi kusancin ƙimar daidaitawa).

Q: Ta yaya zan fassara lambar bin?
A: Lambar bin (misali, N, P, Q) akan alamar reel tana nuna mafi ƙarancin garanti da matsakaicin kewayon ƙarfin haske don LED ɗin akan wannan reel. Zaɓin babban lambar bin (kamar Q ko R) yana tabbatar da LED ɗin masu haske amma yana iya zuwa da tsada mafi girma.

Q: Shin koyaushe ana buƙatar gasa kafin haɗawa?
A: Ana buƙatar gasa idan abubuwan sun fallasa ga yanayin muhalli (a waje da jakarsu bushewa) fiye da ƙayyadaddun rayuwar bene, wanda shine sa'o'i 672 (kwanaki 28) don MSL 2a. Wannan yana hana fashewar kunshin da danshi ya haifar yayin aikin haɗawa ta reflow mai zafi.

11. Misalin Zane da Amfani na Aiki

Harka: Zanen Allon Nuna Matsayi Mai Siriri
Mai zane yana ƙirƙirar allon sarrafawa tare da alamomin matsayi da yawa. Sararin bayan gaban allon yana da iyaka sosai. Ta hanyar amfani da LED mai haɗawa ta baya, za su iya sanya LED ɗin a bayan babban PCB na sarrafawa. PCB yana da ramuka daidai gwargwado a kowane wurin nuni. Lokacin da aka haɗa, hasken LED yana haskakawa ta waɗannan ramukan, yana haskaka gumaka masu wucewa a gaban allon. Wannan yana kawar da buƙatar masu riƙe LED daban ko bututun haske, yana rage adadin sassa, lokacin haɗawa, da kauri gabaɗaya na samfurin. Mai zane yana amfani da direba na yanzu na dindindin IC don samar da wutar duk LED ɗin, yana tabbatar da daidaitaccen haske ba tare da la'akari da bambance-bambancen ƙarfin wuta na gaba ba. Suna ƙayyade Bin P ko Q LED don tabbatar da isasshen haske ko da lokacin da aka watse ta cikin alamar allon.

12. Gabatarwa da Ka'idar Fasaha

LED ya dogara ne akan kayan semiconductor na AlInGaP da aka girma akan substrate. Lokacin da aka yi amfani da ƙarfin wuta na gaba a kan haɗin P-N, ana shigar da electrons da ramuka cikin yanki mai aiki inda suke sake haɗuwa. Wannan tsarin sake haɗuwa yana sakin makamashi a cikin nau'in photons (haske). Takamaiman abun da ke ciki na Aluminum, Indium, Gallium, da Phosphide atoms a cikin lattice crystal yana ƙayyade ƙarfin bandgap, wanda kai tsaye yake ƙayyade tsayin tsayi (launi) na hasken da aka fitar—a wannan yanayin, ja a kusa da 631-639 nm. Ana saka guntu a cikin kunshin filastik wanda ke aiki don kare mutuwar semiconductor, samar da kwanciyar hankali na injiniya, kuma sau da yawa ya haɗa da ruwan tabarau don siffanta tsarin fitar da haske, wanda ya haifar da faɗin kusurwar kallo na digiri 130.

13. Trends na Ci gaban Fasaha

Gabaɗayan yanayin fasahar LED yana zuwa ga ingantaccen inganci (ƙarin lumens a kowace watt), ƙara yawan ƙarfin wuta, inganta nuna launi, da ƙarin dogaro. Ga LED ɗin irin na nuni kamar wannan, ƙananan ƙirar yana ci gaba yayin kiyayewa ko ƙara fitar da haske. Hakanan akwai mai da hankali sosai kan faɗaɗa kewayon launuka masu wadatar da inganta daidaiton launi (ƙaramin binning). Ci gaban fasahar kunshin yana nufin mafi kyawun aikin zafi don tallafawa manyan yanayin turawa da kuma ingantaccen dacewa da mawuyacin yanayin muhalli da matsanancin hanyoyin haɗawa kamar haɗawa ta reflow mai gefe biyu.