IR25-21C/TR8 LED na Infrared Mai Kunna Jiki a Baya - SMD - GaAlAs - Gilashin Ruwa - Takardun Fasaha

1. Bayanin Samfur

IR25-21C/TR8 ƙaramin na'urar haɗawa ta saman (SMD) ce ta infrared mai fitar da haske. Tana da zanen kunshin jiki a baya wanda aka ƙera a cikin filastik mai tsabta da ruwa tare da gilashin saman mai siffar kwalliya. Babban aikin wannan kayan aiki shine fitar da hasken infrared, tare da fitowar sa ta musamman daidai da photodiodes na silicon da phototransistors, wanda ya sa ya zama tushe mai kyau ga aikace-aikacen gano daban-daban.

Babban fa'idodin wannan LED sun haɗa da ƙaramin kunshin ƙarshen biyu, wanda ke sauƙaƙa haɗawa da PCB da haɗawa cikin ƙirar da ke da ƙarancin sarari. Yana aiki a ƙaramin ƙarfin lantarki na gaba, yana ba da gudummawar ingantaccen amfani da makamashi. Na'urar tana bin manyan ka'idojin muhalli da aminci, gami da RoHS, EU REACH, kuma ba ta da halogen, yana tabbatar da dacewarta ga masana'antar lantarki na zamani.

1.1 Jagorar Zaɓin Na'ura

IR25-21C/TR8 na cikin rukunin LED na Infrared (IR). Yana amfani da kayan guntu na Gallium Aluminum Arsenide (GaAlAs), wanda aka sani da ingantaccen fitar da infrared. Gilashin yana da tsabta kamar ruwa, yana ba da damar mafi girman watsa hasken infrared ba tare da tace launi ba.

2. Ƙayyadaddun Fasaha da Fassarar Manufa

2.1 Matsakaicin Matsakaicin Ƙimar

Iyakar aikin na'urar an ayyana su a ƙarƙashin daidaitaccen yanayin yanayi (Ta=25°C). Wucewa waɗannan ƙimar na iya haifar da lalacewa na dindindin.

• Halin Yanzu na Gaba (I_F):100 mA - Matsakaicin halin yanzu na ci gaba da aka yarda ta cikin LED.
• Ƙarfin Lantarki na Baya (V_R):5 V - Matsakaicin ƙarfin lantarki da za a iya amfani da shi a cikin hanyar baya.
• Rushewar Wutar Lantarki (P_d):120 mW - Matsakaicin wutar lantarki da kunshin zai iya watsawa a matsayin zafi.
• Yanayin Aiki (T_opr):-40°C zuwa +85°C - Kewayon yanayin yanayi don aiki mai dogaro.
• Yanayin Ajiya (T_stg):-40°C zuwa +85°C - Kewayon yanayin zafi mai aminci don adana na'urar lokacin da ba a kunna wutar lantarki ba.
• Yanayin Solder (T_s):260°C na daƙiƙa 5 matsakaici - Matsakaicin zafin jiki da tsawon lokacin da LED zai iya jurewa yayin solder reflow.

2.2 Halayen Lantarki da Hasken

Ana auna waɗannan ma'auni a Ta=25°C kuma suna ayyana aikin yau da kullun na LED.

• Ƙarfin Hasken Radiant (I_e):40 mW/sr (Mafi ƙarancin) @ I_F=20 mA - Wannan shine fitowar wutar lantarki ta gani a kowane sashin kusurwa mai ƙarfi, ma'auni mai mahimmanci na haske ga tushe masu jagora kamar LED.
• Matsakaicin Tsawon Tsawon (λ_p):940 nm (Na al'ada) - Tsawon tsawon raƙuman ruwa wanda LED ke fitar da mafi yawan wutar lantarki ta gani. Wannan yana daidaitawa daidai da mafi girman hankali na na'urorin gano silicon na gama gari.
• Faɗin Bandwidth na Hasken (Δλ):50 nm (Na al'ada) - Kewayon tsayin raƙuman ruwa da aka fitar, wanda aka auna a rabin mafi girman ƙarfi (Cikakken Faɗi a Rabin Matsakaici).
• Ƙarfin Lantarki na Gaba (V_F):1.5 V (Na al'ada) @ I_F=20 mA - Faɗuwar ƙarfin lantarki a kan LED lokacin aiki a ƙayyadadden halin yanzu. Ƙananan ƙimar yana da amfani ga da'irori masu ƙarancin ƙarfin lantarki.
• Kusurwar Dubawa (2θ_1/2):±20° (Na al'ada) - Tsawon kusurwar inda ƙarfin haske ya kasance aƙalla rabin mafi girman ƙarfi. Wannan yana ayyana faɗin katakon.

3. Bincike na Lankwasa Ayyuka

Takardun bayanan suna ba da jadawali da yawa da ke kwatanta halayen na'urar a ƙarƙashin yanayi daban-daban.

3.1 Halin Yanzu na Gaba da Yanayin Yanayi

Hoto na 1 yana nuna raguwar matsakaicin halin yanzu na gaba da aka yarda yayin da yanayin yanayi ke ƙaruwa. Don hana yin zafi sosai, dole ne a rage halin yanzu lokacin aiki sama da 25°C. Wannan lankwasa yana da mahimmanci ga ƙirar sarrafa zafi.

3.2 Rarraba Tsarin Hasken

Hoto na 2 yana jera ƙarfin dangi akan tsawon raƙuman ruwa, yana tabbatar da kololuwa a kusan 940 nm da bandwidth na ~50 nm. Wannan daidaitawa tare da amsawar mai gano silicon (wanda ke kololuwa a kusa da 900-1000 nm) yana ƙara ƙarfin siginar a cikin tsarin na'urori.

3.3 Ƙarfin Hasken Dangane da Halin Yanzu na Gaba

Hoto na 3 yana nuna alaƙa tsakanin fitowar gani da halin yanzu na tuƙi. Fitarwa yana ƙaruwa tare da halin yanzu amma yana iya zama ƙasa da layi a manyan halin yanzu saboda dumama da raguwar inganci. Yin aiki a cikin kewayon da aka ba da shawarar yana tabbatar da ingantaccen aiki.

3.4 Halin Yanzu na Gaba da Ƙarfin Lantarki na Gaba

Hoto na 4 shine lankwasa halayen I-V. Yana nuna alaƙar ma'auni na yau da kullun na diode. Lankwasa yana nuna mahimmancin amfani da resistor mai iyakance halin yanzu ko direba mai halin yanzu akai-akai, saboda ƙaramin ƙaruwa a cikin ƙarfin lantarki bayan madaidaicin madaidaicin yana haifar da babban, mai yuwuwar lalacewa, ƙaruwa a cikin halin yanzu.

3.5 Matsakaicin Karkacewa

Hoto na 5 yana jera ƙarfin haske na dangi akan kusurwa daga axis na tsakiya, yana ayyana tsarin fitarwa na sararin samaniya (Lambertian ko wani). Wannan yana da mahimmanci ga ƙirar gani, yana ƙayyade yadda ake rarraba haske a cikin yankin da aka yi niyya.

4. Bayanin Injiniya da Kunshewa

4.1 Girman Kunshin

LED yana da ƙaramin sawun SMD. Muhimman girma sun haɗa da girman jiki na kusan 2.0mm x 1.25mm, tare da tsayi na kusan 0.8mm. Cikakkun zane-zane suna ƙayyade shimfidar kushin, tazarar tasha, da lissafin gilashi. Ana ba da izini yawanci ±0.1mm sai dai idan an lura daban. An ba da shimfidar ƙasa da aka ba da shawarar (shimfidar kushin) don ƙirar PCB amma ya kamata a inganta shi bisa takamaiman hanyoyin masana'antu da buƙatun zafi.

4.2 Gano Polarity

Kayan aikin yana da kunshin jiki a baya. Ana nuna polarity ta alama a jiki ko ta hanyar siffar sawun kunshin. Daidaitaccen alkibla yana da mahimmanci ga aikin da'ira.

4.3 Girman Kayan Jigilar Kaya

Ana ba da na'urar akan tef ɗin jigilar kaya mai faɗin milimita 8 da aka yi wa ado akan reel mai diamita inci 7. An ƙayyade filin tef da girman aljihu don tabbatar da dacewa da kayan haɗawa na atomatik na ɗauka da sanyawa. Kowane reel yana ƙunshe da guda 2000.

5. Jagororin Solder da Haɗawa

5.1 Ajiya da Gudanarwa

LEDs suna da hankali ga danshi (MSL). Dole ne a adana jakunkunan shinge na danshi da ba a buɗe ba a ƙasa da 30°C da 90% RH. Da zarar an buɗe, "rayuwar bene" shine sa'o'i 168 (kwanaki 7) lokacin da aka adana a ≤60% RH. Wucewa wannan yana buƙatar gasa (misali, sa'o'i 96 a 60°C) kafin reflow don hana lalacewar "popcorning" yayin solder.

5.2 Bayanin Yanayin Solder na Reflow

Ana ba da shawarar bayanin yanayin zafin reflow maras gubar (Pb-free). Muhimman ma'auni sun haɗa da yankin dumama, hawan zafin jiki a hankali, matsakaicin zafin jiki bai wuce 260°C ba na daƙiƙa 5 matsakaici, da kuma lokacin sanyaya mai sarrafawa. Kada a yi reflow fiye da sau biyu akan na'ura ɗaya.

5.3 Solder da Hannu da Gyara

Idan solder na hannu ya zama dole, ya kamata a yi amfani da ƙarfe na solder tare da zafin ƙarshe a ƙasa da 350°C da wutar lantarki a ƙasa da 25W. Lokacin tuntuɓar kowane tasha dole ne ya zama ƙasa da daƙiƙa 3. Don gyara, ana ba da shawarar ƙarfe na solder mai kai biyu don dumama tashoshi biyu lokaci ɗaya kuma a guji damuwa na injiniya. Ya kamata a tabbatar da tasirin halayen na'urar bayan kowane gyara.

5.4 Muhimman Abubuwan Kariya

• Kariyar Halin Yanzu:Resistor na jerin waje wajibi ne don iyakance halin yanzu na gaba. Lankwasa I-V mai tsayi yana nufin ƙananan sauye-sauyen ƙarfin lantarki na iya haifar da wuce gona da iri.
• Damuwa na Injiniya:Guci amfani da ƙarfi ga jikin LED yayin ko bayan solder. Kada a lanƙwasa PCB a kusa da LED ɗin da aka ɗora.

6. Shawarwarin Aikace-aikace da Abubuwan Ɗauka

6.1 Yanayin Aikace-aikace na Yau da Kullun

• Na'urori masu gano Infrared da aka ɗora akan PCB:Ana amfani da shi azaman tushen haske a cikin na'urori masu kusanci, gano abu, da ɓoyayyen matsayi.
• Ƙananan Shinge na Hasken/Lambobin Hasken:An haɗa shi tare da na'urar gano hoto don ƙirƙirar katako mai katsewa don ƙidaya, labulen aminci, ko iyakance lambobi.
• Floppy Disk Drives (Tsoho):A tarihi ana amfani da su don gano waƙa.
• Na'urorin Gano Hayaki:Ana amfani da su a cikin na'urorin gano hayaki masu ɓoyewa inda barbashi na hayaki ke watsa katakon haske.

6.2 Abubuwan Ɗauka na Zane

• Da'irar Tuƙi:Ai wanda tushen halin yanzu akai-akai ko tushen ƙarfin lantarki tare da resistor mai iyakance halin yanzu da aka ƙididdige daidai (R = (V_supply- V_F) / I_F).
• Daidaituwar Hasken:Kusurwar dubawa ±20° tana buƙatar daidaitawa a hankali tare da mai karɓar mai gano don mafi kyawun haɗin siginar, musamman a aikace-aikacen katako mai kunkuntar.
• Gudanar da Zafi:Tabbatar da isasshen yanki na tagulla na PCB ko ramukan zafi don watsa zafi, musamman lokacin tuƙi a manyan halin yanzu ko a cikin manyan yanayin yanayi.
• Ƙarar Lantarki:A cikin da'irori masu hankali na analog, yi la'akari da garkuwa ko daidaita siginar tuƙi na LED don bambanta shi da hasken yanayi da ƙarar lantarki.

7. Kwatancen Fasaha da Bambance-bambance

Idan aka kwatanta da LED na infrared na yau da kullun, kunshin jiki a baya na IR25-21C/TR8 yana ba da yuwuwar ƙaramin bayani da tsarin radiation daban. Babban bambance-bambancensa shine takamaiman daidaitaccen haske ga silicon, wanda zai iya haifar da mafi girman rabo na siginar zuwa amo a cikin tsarin na'urori fiye da LED masu tsayin raƙuman ruwa. Bin ka'idojin marasa halogen da ka'idojin muhalli na zamani ya sa ya dace da shirye-shiryen lantarki na kore.

8. Tambayoyin da ake yawan yi (Dangane da Ma'auni na Fasaha)

8.1 Me yasa resistor mai iyakance halin yanzu ya zama dole?

Halayen I-V na diode na ma'auni yana nufin cewa bayan gwiwar ƙarfin lantarki na gaba (kusan 1.5V), halin yanzu yana ƙaruwa sosai tare da ƙaramin ƙaruwar ƙarfin lantarki. Ba tare da resistor don saita wurin aiki ba, ƙananan bambance-bambancen wutar lantarki ko canje-canjen zafin jiki na iya tura halin yanzu fiye da matsakaicin 100mA, lalata LED nan take.

8.2 Me ake nufi da "daidaitaccen haske ga na'urar gano hoto ta Si"?

Photodiodes na tushen silicon da phototransistors suna da takamaiman lankwasa amsawa; sun fi kula da haske a kusa da 800-1000 nm. Kololuwar fitarwa na wannan LED a 940 nm ya faɗo kai tsaye a cikin wannan yanki mai hankali, yana tabbatar da mai gano ya canza matsakaicin adadin wutar lantarki ta gani na LED zuwa halin yanzu na lantarki, yana inganta ingancin tsarin da kewayon.

8.3 Yaya muhimmanci ne rayuwar bene na sa'o'i 168?

Yana da mahimmanci sosai don haɗawa mai dogaro. Danshin da aka sha cikin kunshin filastik zai iya yin tururi da sauri yayin aikin solder reflow mai zafi, yana haifar da ɓarna na ciki, tsage, ko lalata wayar haɗin gwiwa ("popcorning"). Yin bin rayuwar bene ko yin gasa daidai yana hana wannan yanayin gazawa.

9. Misalin Amfani na Aiki

Zane na Ƙididdigar Takarda:A cikin na'urar ofis, IR25-21C/TR8 za a iya ɗora shi a gefe ɗaya na hanyar takarda, yana fuskantar phototransistor kai tsaye a ɗayan gefen. Lokacin da babu takarda, katakon infrared ya isa ga mai gano, yana haifar da babban siginar. Lokacin da takarda ta wuce, ta katse katakon, yana haifar da siginar mai gano ya faɗi. Wannan taron ana ƙidaya shi ta hanyar microcontroller. Tsawon raƙuman ruwa na 940nm ba a iya gani kuma ba ya shafar hasken dakin yanayi. Ƙarancin ƙarfin lantarki na gaba yana ba da damar tsarin ya sami wutar lantarki ta hanyar wutar lantarki na 3.3V ko 5V, tare da resistor na jerin sauƙi (misali, (5V - 1.5V)/0.02A = 175Ω) yana saita halin yanzu na LED zuwa aminci 20mA.

10. Gabatarwar Ka'idar Aiki

Infrared Light Emitting Diode (IR LED) diode ne na semiconductor p-n junction. Lokacin da aka nuna son ra'ayi, electrons daga yankin n da ramuka daga yankin p ana shigar da su cikin yankin haɗin gwiwa. Lokacin da waɗannan masu ɗaukar caji suka sake haɗuwa, suna sakin makamashi. A cikin tsarin kayan GaAlAs, ana sakin wannan makamashi da farko a matsayin photons (barbashi na haske) a cikin bakan infrared (tsayin raƙuman ruwa ya fi hasken ja na gani, yawanci 700nm zuwa 1mm). Takamaiman abun da ke ciki na Gallium, Aluminum, da Arsenide yana ƙayyade matsakaicin tsayin raƙuman ruwa. Kunshin epoxy mai tsabta kamar ruwa yana aiki azaman gilashi, yana siffanta hasken da aka fitar zuwa tsarin katako da aka ayyana.

11. Trends da Ci gaban Masana'antu

Trend a cikin optoelectronics don ganowa yana ci gaba zuwa ga ƙananan ƙira, mafi inganci, da haɗawa. Yayin da LED masu hankali kamar IR25-21C/TR8 suka kasance masu mahimmanci don sassauci da aiki, akwai ƙaruwar kasuwa don ƙirar na'urori masu haɗawa waɗanda ke haɗa mai fitarwa, mai gano, da da'irar daidaita siginar a cikin kunshi ɗaya. Waɗannan ƙirar suna sauƙaƙa ƙira amma suna iya ba da ƙarancin ingantawa don takamaiman aikace-aikace. Wani trend shine buƙatar mafi girman saurin daidaitawa don aikace-aikacen sadarwar bayanai (kamar sarrafa nesa na IR), wanda ke buƙatar LED masu saurin tashi/faɗuwa. Bin muhalli (RoHS, REACH, maras halogen) ya zama daidaitaccen buƙatu maimakon bambanci. Fasahar da ke ƙasa don ingantaccen fitarwa na infrared yana ci gaba da ingantawa, tare da bincike cikin sabbin tsarin kayan kamar InGaN don kewayon tsayin raƙuman ruwa daban-daban.