Takardun Fasaha - Sake Dubawa Na 3 - Lokacin Rayuwar Samfur - Ranar Saki 2014-12-02 - Hausa

1. Bayyani Game da Samfur

Wannan takardar fasaha ta shafi wani takamaiman sake dubawa na samfur ko sashi, wanda aka gane shi azaman Sake Dubawa Na 3. An bayyana lokacin rayuwar a fili a matsayin 'Sake Dubawa', yana nuna cewa wannan sabuntawa ce ta hukuma ga sigar da ta gabata. An yiwa takardar alama da 'Lokacin Ƙarewa' na 'Har Abada', yana nuna cewa tana ƙunshe da ƙayyadaddun bayanai na tushe ko tunani waɗanda ba sa ƙarewa a cikin yanayi na al'ada. Ranar saki ta hukuma don wannan sake dubawa ita ce 2 ga Disamba, 2014, da karfe 14:59:56. Wannan takarda ita ce tushen tabbataccen bayani don ƙayyadaddun sigogi na fasaha, halayen aiki, da jagororin amfani don wannan takamaiman sake dubawa.

Babban fa'idar wannan sake dubawa yana cikin ƙayyadaddun sigoginsa da aka tsara kuma aka daskare, yana samar da kwanciyar hankali don tsarawa da hanyoyin masana'antu. Yana nufi injiniyoyi, ƙwararrun saye, da ma'aikatan tabbatar da inganci waɗanda ke buƙatar madaidaicin bayanan fasaha marasa canzawa don haɗawa, samo tushe, da tabbatar da sashi a cikin tsarin su.

2. Zurfin Fassarar Manufa na Ƙayyadaddun Fasaha

Yayin da guntun PDF da aka bayar ya iyakance ga bayanan metadata, cikakkiyar takardar fasaha don sashi na lantarki, kamar LED, IC, ko firikwensin, za ta ƙunshi cikakkun sassa kamar yadda aka zayyana a ƙasa. Mai zuwa cikakken bayani ne na abubuwan da ake tsammani a cikin kowane sashe, bisa ga lokacin rayuwa da sarrafa sake dubawa da aka nuna.

2.1 Halayen Hoto & Na Lantarki

Cikakken takardar bayanai za ta lissafa cikakkun ƙididdiga na iyaka da yanayin aiki da aka ba da shawarar. Don na'urar hoto, wannan ya haɗa da ƙarfin lantarki na gaba, ƙarfin lantarki na baya, ci gaba da ƙarfin lantarki na gaba, da ɓarnawar wutar lantarki. Halayen hoto za su rufe ƙarfin haske, kusurwar kallo, tsayin raƙuman ruwa mai rinjaye, da daidaitawar launi. Ana gabatar da kowane siga tare da ƙimar al'ada da mafi ƙanƙanta/mafi girma, sau da yawa a ƙarƙashin ƙayyadaddun yanayin gwaji (misali, zafin yanayi 25°C, ƙarfin lantarki mai bugun jini).

2.2 Halayen Zafi

Wannan sashe yana ayyana aikin zafi, mai mahimmanci ga amintacce. Manyan sigogi sun haɗa da juriyar zafi daga haɗuwa zuwa yanayi (RθJA) da haɗuwa zuwa akwati (RθJC). Ana amfani da waɗannan ƙimomin don ƙididdige matsakaicin zafin haɗuwa a ƙarƙashin ƙayyadaddun yanayin aiki, yana tabbatar da cewa sashi ya kasance cikin yankinsa na aiki mai aminci don hana gazawa da wuri.

3. Bayanin Tsarin Rarraba (Binning)

Hanyoyin masana'antu suna gabatar da bambance-bambance na halitta. Tsarin rarraba (binning) yana rarraba sassa bisa ga manyan sigogi na aiki da aka auna bayan samarwa.

3.1 Rarraba Tsayin Raƙuman Ruwa/Zafin Launi

Ga LEDs, tsayin raƙuman haske da aka fitar (don launi ɗaya) ko daidaitaccen zafin launi (CCT don fari) ana jera su cikin kwandon da aka ƙayyade a baya (misali, 2700K, 3000K, 4000K, 5000K don fararen LEDs). Wannan yana tabbatar da daidaiton launi a cikin rukunin samarwa guda ɗaya da kuma a cikin rukunoni daban-daban.

3.2 Rarraba Gudun Haske (Luminous Flux Binning)

Ana jera sassa bisa ga fitowar haske (a cikin lumens) a daidaitaccen ƙarfin lantarki na gwaji. Ana ayyana kwandon ta hanyar mafi ƙarancin ƙimar gudun haske, yana ba masu ƙira damar zaɓar sassa waɗanda suka dace da takamaiman buƙatunsu na haske.

3.3 Rarraba Ƙarfin Lantarki na Gaba (Forward Voltage Binning)

Ana kuma jera LEDs da sauran semiconductors ta ƙarfin lantarki na gaba (Vf) a takamaiman ƙarfin lantarki na gwaji. Wannan yana taimakawa wajen ƙirƙirar da'irori masu tuƙi masu inganci kuma yana tabbatar da rarraba ƙarfin lantarki iri ɗaya lokacin da aka haɗa sassa a layi daya.

4. Bincike akan Lankwasa Aiki (Performance Curve)

Bayanan hoto suna ba da zurfin fahimta fiye da bayanan tebur kawai.

4.1 Lankwasa Ƙarfin Lantarki vs. Ƙarfin Lantarki (I-V Curve)

Wannan lankwasa ta asali tana nuna alaƙa tsakanin ƙarfin lantarki na gaba da faɗuwar ƙarfin lantarki a cikin na'urar. Yana da mahimmanci don tantance wurin aiki da ƙirƙirar da'irar iyakance ƙarfin lantarki da ta dace.

4.2 Halayen Zafin Jiki

Hotuna yawanci suna nuna yadda manyan sigogi kamar ƙarfin lantarki na gaba, gudun haske, da tsayin raƙuman ruwa mai rinjaye ke canzawa tare da canje-canje a zafin haɗuwa. Fahimtar waɗannan raguwa yana da mahimmanci don ƙirƙirar tsarin ƙarfi waɗanda ke aiki a cikin faɗin kewayon zafin jiki.

4.3 Rarraba Ƙarfin Hasken Raƙuman Ruwa (Spectral Power Distribution)

Ga na'urorin fitar da haske, wannan hoton yana zana ƙarfin haske da aka fitar a kowane tsayin raƙuman ruwa. Yana ayyana ingancin launi, gami da ma'anar nuna launi (CRI) don farin haske, kuma yana da mahimmanci ga aikace-aikacen da ke da mahimmanci na launi.

5. Bayanin Injiniya & Marufi

5.1 Girman Bayyanawa

Cikakken zanen injiniya yana ba da duk mahimman girmansa: tsayi, faɗi, tsayi, tazarar jagora, da ƙimar jurewa na sashi. Wannan yana da mahimmanci don ƙirar ƙafar PCB da tabbatar da dacewa daidai a cikin taron.

5.2 Ƙirar Tsarin Kafa (Pad Layout)

An ba da shirin ƙasar PCB da aka ba da shawarar (geometar kafa da girman) don tabbatar da samuwar haɗin gwiwar solder yayin hanyoyin sake kwarara ko igiyar ruwa.

5.3 Nuna Ƙaddara (Polarity)

Takardar ta nuna a fili yadda ake gano anode da cathode, yawanci ta hanyar zane wanda ke nuna tsaga, ɗigo, ko guntun jagora, yana hana kuskuren alkibla yayin haɗawa.

6. Jagororin Solder & Haɗawa

6.1 Bayanin Solder na Sake Kwarara (Reflow Profile)

An ba da cikakken bayanin zafin jiki vs. lokaci, yana ƙayyadadden dumama, jika, matsakaicin zafin sake kwarara, da ƙimar gangarowa sanyaya. Biyayya ga wannan bayanin wajibi ne don guje wa lalacewar zafi ga sashi.

6.2 Abubuwan Kariya

Gargadi sun haɗa da hanyoyin sarrafawa don guje wa fitar da wutar lantarki (ESD), matsakaicin lokacin ajiya don na'urori masu kula da danshi kafin gasa, da dacewar wakilin tsaftacewa.

6.3 Yanayin Ajiya

An ƙayyade shawararrun yanayin zafin jiki da ɗanɗano na ajiya na dogon lokaci don kiyaye iyawar solder da hana lalata kayan.

7. Bayanin Marufi & Oda

7.1 Ƙayyadaddun Marufi

Cikakkun bayanai akan tef da girman reel (don haɗawa ta atomatik), adadin reel, da ƙayyadaddun tef ɗin mai ɗaukar kaya an haɗa su.

7.2 Bayanin Alama

An bayyana tsari da abun ciki na alamun akan reels ko akwatuna, gami da lambar sashi, lambar kuri'a, lambar kwanan wata, da yawa.

7.3 Dokokin Lambar Samfur

Rarrabuwar lambar sashi yana bayyana yadda kowane yanki ke nuna halaye kamar launi, kwandon gudun haske, kwandon ƙarfin lantarki, nau'in marufi, da fasali na musamman, yana ba da damar yin oda daidai.

8. Shawarwarin Aikace-aikace

8.1 Da'irori na Aikace-aikacen Al'ada

Misalai na tsari suna nuna tsararrun gama gari, kamar LED guda ɗaya tare da resistor na jerin, LEDs da yawa a cikin jerin/layi iri-iri waɗanda tushen ƙarfin lantarki mai dorewa ke tuƙa su, ko da'irori na dusar ƙanƙara na PWM.

8.2 Abubuwan Ƙira da Aka Yi la'akari

An ba da jagora akan ƙirar kula da zafi don sarrafa zafin haɗuwa, ƙirar gani don tsarin hasken da ake so, da ƙirar lantarki don tabbatar da aiki mai ƙarfi, na dogon lokaci cikin ƙayyadaddun bayanai.

9. Kwatancen Fasaha

Wannan sashe, idan ya dace, yana kwatanta wannan sake dubawa (Rev. 3) da wanda ya gabace shi (Rev. 2) ko da sassa masu kama da aiki daga wasu fasahohi. Bambance-bambance na iya haɗawa da ingantaccen inganci, ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun sigogi, ingantattun bayanan amintacce, ko gyare-gyaren fakitin don ingantaccen aikin zafi. Kwatancin gaskiya ne kuma yana dogara da bayanai.

10. Tambayoyin da ake yawan yi

Bisa ga tambayoyin fasaha na gama gari, wannan sashe yana ba da amsoshi bayyanannu. Misalai: "Yaya zan ƙididdige resistor na jerin da ake buƙata?" "Menene tasirin tuƙi na'urar ƙasa da/sama da ƙarfin lantarki da aka ƙayyade?" "Yaya babban zafin yanayi ke shafar fitowar haske da tsawon rayuwa?" "Shin za a iya haɗa na'urori daga kwandon gudun haske daban-daban a cikin haɗawa guda?"

11. Lamuran Amfani na Aiki

Cikakkun misalai suna kwatanta aiwatarwa a duniyar gaske. Harka ta 1: Haɗa sashi a cikin fitilun cikin gida, mai da hankali kan sarrafa zafi ta hanyar PCB na ginshiƙan aluminum. Harka ta 2: Amfani da shi a cikin tsiri na hasken cikin mota, yana ƙididdige ƙirar don faɗin kewayon ƙarfin lantarki da kariya daga ɓarkewar kaya. Harka ta 3: Aiwatarwa a cikin na'urar sawa, yana mai da hankali kan aikin ƙarancin wutar lantarki da ƙirar direba ƙanana.

12. Gabatarwa akan Ka'ida

Bayani na haƙiƙa na ainihin ka'idar aiki. Ga LED, wannan zai bayyana electroluminescence a cikin haɗuwar p-n na semiconductor, inda sake haɗuwar rami na electron ke sakin makamashi a cikin nau'in photons. Makamashin bandgap na kayan semiconductor yana ƙayyade tsayin raƙuman ruwa (launi) na hasken da aka fitar. Bayanin fasaha ne kuma yana guje wa harshen talla.

13. Trends na Ci Gaba

Bincike na haƙiƙa na alkiblar masana'antu bisa ga mahallin takardar (saki na 2014). Trends a lokacin mai yiwuwa sun haɗa da ci gaba da turawa don ingantaccen inganci na haske (lumens a kowace watt), ingantattun ma'anar nuna launi (CRI >90), ɗaukar sabbin kayan tushe don ingantaccen watsa zafi, da ƙananan fakitoci yayin kiyayewa ko ƙara fitowar haske. Hanyar zuwa tsarin haske mai hankali, haɗin kai ta amfani da ƙa'idodi kamar DALI ko Zigbee ana iya lura da shi azaman direban aikace-aikace mai tasowa.