Teburin Abubuwan Ciki
- 1. Bayanin Samfur
- 1.1 Bayani na Gabaɗaya
- 1.2 Fasaloli
- 1.3 Amfani
- 2. Girman Kunshin
- 2.1 Tsarin Solder Pad
- 3. Ma'aunin Fasaha
- 3.1 Halayen Lantarki da Haske (a Ts=25°C, IF=350mA)
- 3.2 Matsakaicin Matsayin Yarda
- 4. Yankin Bin da Launi
- 4.1 Bins na Girman Wutar Lantarki da Yawan Haske (IF=350mA)
- 4.2 Bins na Launi
- 5. Lalacewar Halayen Haske
- 5.1 Girman Wutar Lantarki na Gaba vs. Gudun Gaba
- 5.2 Yawan Haske na Dangantaka vs. Gudun Gaba
- 5.3 Tasirin Zazzabi
- 5.4 Tsarin Haske
- 5.5 Rarraba Haske
- 5.6 Canjin Haɗin Launi
- 6. Bayanin Kunshin
- 6.1 Girman Tef da Reel
- 6.2 Lakabi da Jakan Danshi
- 7. Gwajin Amincewa da Cancanta
- 8. Umurnin SMT Reflow Soldering
- 9. Kariya don Gudanarwa da Ajiya
- 9.1 Kariyar Gudanarwa
- 9.2 Yanayin Ajiya
- 10. Bayanan Amfani
- 11. Abubuwan Zane
- 12. Kwatancen Fasaha
- 13. Tambayoyi na Yau da Kullun
- 14. Misalan Aikace-aikacen Gaskiya
- 15. Ka'idar Aiki
- 16. Hanyoyin Ci Gaba
- Kalmomin Ƙayyadaddun LED
- Aikin Hasken Wutar Lantarki
- Ma'auni na Lantarki
- Gudanar da Zafi & Amincewa
- Tufafi & Kayan Aiki
- Kula da Inganci & Rarraba
- Gwaji & Takaddun Shaida
1. Bayanin Samfur
1.1 Bayani na Gabaɗaya
Wannan samfur LED ne mai karfin haske amber wanda yayi amfani da tsarin kumburin ceramic, an tsara shi don amintacce mai girma a cikin buƙatun haskaka waje na mota. Na'urar tana auna 1.65mm x 1.25mm x 0.80mm, yana sa ta zama ƙarama don manyan tsare-tsare da ke da ƙarancin sarari. Tana ba da kyakkyawan aiki na zafi da tsawon rayuwa a yanayin damuwa na mota.
1.2 Fasaloli
- Kumburin ceramic don kyakkyawan watsa zafi da amintacce.
- Fitowar wutar lantarki da haske mai girma.
- Dacewa da sake tafiyar reflow ba tare da gubar ba.
- Matsayin hankalin danshi: Mataki na 2.
- Yarda da umarnin RoHS da REACH.
- Ya cancanta bisa ga gwajin damuwa na AEC-Q102 na Digiri na Mota na Na'urar Tattalin Arziki.
1.3 Amfani
Haskaka waje na mota ciki har da fitilun rana, fitilun goshi, da fitilun hazo. Kumburin ceramic mai karfi da ingancin haske mai girma ya sa ya dace da yanayin mota mai wahala.
2. Girman Kunshin
Kunshin LED yana da girma 1.65mm (tsawo) x 1.25mm (fadi) x 0.80mm (tsawo). Dukansu garanti ±0.2mm sai dai an bayyana in ba haka ba. Hoton kasa yana nuna filayen anode/cathode guda biyu tare da alamomin polarity. Tsarin yin soldering da aka ba da shawara yana ba da mafi kyawun haɗin zafi da lantarki.
2.1 Tsarin Solder Pad
Girman solder pad da aka ba da shawara shine 0.45mm x 0.76mm a kowane gefe, tare da tazarar 0.30mm tsakanin pads. Tsarin pad mai kyau yana tabbatar da kyakkyawan canja wurin zafi da kwanciyar hankali.
3. Ma'aunin Fasaha
3.1 Halayen Lantarki da Haske (a Ts=25°C, IF=350mA)
| Ma'auni | Alama | Mafi ƙanƙanta | Misali | Mafi girma | Naúrar |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Girman Wutar Lantarki na Gaba | VF | 2.8 | — | 3.4 | V |
| Gudun Juyi | IR | — | — | 10 | µA |
| Yawan Haske | Φ | 90 | — | 135 | lm |
| Kwanan Gani | 2θ1/2 | — | 120 | — | deg |
| Jijin Zafi (Reel) | RTHJ-S reel | — | 7.6 | 8.3 | °C/W |
| Jijin Zafi (Lantarki) | RTHJ-S el | — | 5.1 | 5.6 | °C/W |
Lura: Ingantaccen canja wurin haske daga wutar lantarki a yanayin bugun 25°C shine 42%. An auna darajar jijin zafi tare da 1000mA a 25°C.
3.2 Matsakaicin Matsayin Yarda
| Ma'auni | Alama | Daraja | Naúrar |
|---|---|---|---|
| Rashin Wutar Lantarki | PD | 2380 | mW |
| Gudun Gaba | IF | 700 | mA |
| Gudun Gaba Mafi Girma (1/10 aiki, 10ms) | IFP | 1000 | mA |
| Gudun Juyi | VR | 5 | V |
| Rashin Wutar Lantarki (ESD HBM) | ESD | 8000 | V |
| Zazzabin Aiki | TOPR | -40 ~ +125 | °C |
| Zazzabin Ajiya | TSTG | -40 ~ +125 | °C |
| Zazzabin Junction | TJ | 150 | °C |
Dole ne a kula kada a wuce waɗannan iyaka. Ya kamata a ƙayyade mafi girman gudun bisa ga ainihin watsar zafi kuma zazzabin junction dole ne ya kasance a ƙasa da 150°C.
4. Yankin Bin da Launi
4.1 Bins na Girman Wutar Lantarki da Yawan Haske (IF=350mA)
An raba LED zuwa bins na girman wutar lantarki da yawan haske. Bins na wutar lantarki: G0 (2.8-3.0V), H0 (3.0-3.2V), I0 (3.2-3.4V). Bins na yawan haske: AC (90-105 lm), AD (105-120 lm), AE (120-135 lm). Wannan tsarin bin yana bawa abokan ciniki damar zaɓar kewayon aikin da suke so.
4.2 Bins na Launi
An bayyana bins na launi guda biyu: AM1 da AM2. An ba da haɗin kai a cikin takardar bayanai, sun rufe yankin amber na zanen CIE 1931. Cibiyar bin AM1 tana kusan x=0.57, y=0.42, kuma cibiyar AM2 tana kusan x=0.58, y=0.41. Wannan yana tabbatar da daidaiton launi don aikace-aikacen haskaka mota.
5. Lalacewar Halayen Haske
5.1 Girman Wutar Lantarki na Gaba vs. Gudun Gaba
Girman wutar lantarki na gaba yana ƙaruwa da gudun gaba kamar yadda ake tsammani daga LED na al'ada. A 350mA girman wutar lantarki yana daga 2.8V zuwa 3.4V. Masu ƙira dole ne su yi la'akari da wannan canji lokacin tsara direbobin gudun kai tsaye.
5.2 Yawan Haske na Dangantaka vs. Gudun Gaba
Yawan haske na dangantaka yana ƙaruwa ba daidai ba da gudun. A manyan gudun, yawan haske yana ƙaruwa a hankali saboda tasirin zafi. Aiki kusa da mafi girman gudun da aka ƙayyade yana buƙatar kulawar zafi sosai.
5.3 Tasirin Zazzabi
Zazzabin junction yana tasiri sosai akan yawan haske: yayin da zazzabi ya tashi, yawan haske yana raguwa. Lalacewar ta nuna cewa a zazzabin junction na 150°C, yawan haske na dangantaka yana faɗuwa zuwa kimanin 70% na darajar a 25°C. Hakanan, girman wutar lantarki na gaba yana canzawa mara kyau tare da zazzabi.
5.4 Tsarin Haske
LED tana da kusurwar gani mai fadi na digiri 120 (FWHM), wanda ya dace da aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar haske mai yawa kamar fitilun hazo da fitilun rana. Tsarin haske yana da daidaito.
5.5 Rarraba Haske
Haske amber na LED yana kaiwa kololuwa a kusa da 590-595 nm tare da ƙaramin rabin fadi. Wannan shi ne na al'ada don LEDs amber na tushen InGaAlP da ake amfani da su a siginar mota.
5.6 Canjin Haɗin Launi
Haɗin launi yana canzawa kaɗan tare da duka zazzabin junction da gudun gaba. Canje-canjen suna cikin iyakokin da aka yarda don haskaka waje na mota, yana tabbatar da daidaiton launi a cikin kewayon aiki.
6. Bayanin Kunshin
6.1 Girman Tef da Reel
An tattara LEDs a cikin tef mai ɗauka tare da girma: A0=1.50mm, B0=1.80mm, K0=1.00mm, pitch P0=4.00mm, P1=2.00mm, P2=2.00mm, fadi W=8.00mm. Reel tana da diamita na waje 180±2mm, diamita na ciki 60±1mm, da fadi 12±0.3mm. Kowane reel yana ƙunshe da 4000pcs.
6.2 Lakabi da Jakan Danshi
An rufe reel a cikin jakar danshi tare da bushewa da katin nuna danshi. Lakabin ya haɗa da lambar sashi, lambar takamaiman, lambar rukunin, lambar bin, yawan haske da bin launi, bin girman wutar lantarki, adadi, da kwanan wata.
7. Gwajin Amincewa da Cancanta
Samfur ya cancanta bisa ga AEC-Q102. Manyan gwaje-gwaje sun haɗa da: shirye-shiryen MSL2 tare da reflow, girgizar zafi (-40°C zuwa 125°C, zagaye 1000), gwajin rayuwa a 120°C tare da 350mA na awanni 1000, da gwajin rayuwa mai zafi da danshi (85°C/85%RH, 350mA, awanni 1000). Ma'aunin karɓa: canjin girman wutar lantarki<10% na farkon mafi girman ma'auni, gudun juyi<200% na mafi girman ma'auni, raguwar yawan haske<30% na farkon mafi ƙanƙanta ma'auni.
8. Umurnin SMT Reflow Soldering
Bi tsarin reflow da aka ba da shawara: preheat daga 150°C zuwa 200°C na daƙiƙa 60-120, hawan gudu ≤3°C/s, lokaci sama da 217°C na daƙiƙa 60-120, mafi girman zazzabi 260°C na mafi yawan daƙiƙa 10, saurin sanyaya ≤6°C/s. Kada a yi reflow fiye da sau biyu. Idan fiye da awanni 24 tsakanin soldering, dole ne a gasa LEDs. Kada a yi damuwa yayin dumama. Ba a ba da shawara don gyara ba; idan ba zai yiwu ba, yi amfani da wutar soldering mai kai biyu.
9. Kariya don Gudanarwa da Ajiya
9.1 Kariyar Gudanarwa
- Kauce wa damuwa ta jiki akan saman ruwan tabarau na silicone.
- Kada a saka a kan PCBs da aka lanƙwasa ko lanƙwasa PCB bayan soldering.
- Kada a yi amfani da ƙarfin jiki ko girgiza yayin sanyaya.
- Ana buƙatar kariyar ESD: LED tana kula da fitar da wutar lantarki har zuwa 8kV HBM.
- Abubuwan sulfur a cikin muhalli dole ne su kasance ƙasa da 100PPM; abubuwan bromine da chlorine kowanne ƙasa da 900PPM, jimlar ƙasa da 1500PPM.
- VOCs daga kayan ƙyalli na iya canza launi na LED; tabbatar da dacewa kafin amfani.
- Yi amfani da ingantattun masu iyakance gudun; kada a taɓa wuce mafi girman matsayin yarda.
- Tsarin zafi yana da mahimmanci: yi la'akari da samar da zafi don guje wa raguwar yawan haske da canjin launi.
9.2 Yanayin Ajiya
Kafin buɗe jakar aluminum: ajiye a ≤30°C da ≤75% RH har zuwa shekara ɗaya. Bayan buɗewa: yi amfani da shi a cikin awanni 24 a ≤30°C da ≤60% RH. Idan ya wuce lokacin ajiya, gasa a 60±5°C na akalla awanni 24. Kada a yi amfani da shi idan jakar danshi ta lalace.
10. Bayanan Amfani
Wannan LED amber ya dace da haskaka waje na mota kamar fitilun rana, fitilun goshi, da fitilun hazo. Kumburin ceramic yana ba da ingantaccen haɗin zafi, yana ba da damar aiki da gudun girma tare da ingantaccen watsar zafi. Ana ba da shawarar direba mai gudun kai tsaye tare da raguwa mai dacewa. Don zaren daidaitawa, tabbatar da raba gudun daidai. Kwanan gani mai fadi na 120° ya dace da fitilun sigina. Samfur ya cika buƙatun AEC-Q102, yana tabbatar da amintacce a yanayin mota mai wahala.
11. Abubuwan Zane
Lokacin zanen PCB, yi amfani da pad na zafi a ƙarƙashin LED don watsa zafi yadda ya kamata. Tsarin solder pad kamar yadda aka nuna a takardar bayanai ya kamata a bi don cimma mafi kyawun aikin zafi da lantarki. Ana ba da shawara don amfani da PCB mai yadudduka 4 tare da ramukan zafi idan zai yiwu. Dole ne da'irar tuƙi ta ba da damar girman wutar lantarki na gaba kawai; dole ne a hana lalacewar gudun juyi. Don yanayi mai zafi, yi la'akari da raguwar yawan haske kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin lalacewar halayen. Koyaushe gwada LED a cikin kayan aikin ƙarshe don tabbatar da aikin zafi da haske.
12. Kwatancen Fasaha
Idan aka kwatanta da LEDs na kumburin filastik, wannan LED na kumburin ceramic yana ba da ingantaccen haɗin zafi, mafi kyawun juriya ga zagayen zazzabi, da ƙananan jijin zafi, yana sa ya fi dacewa da aikace-aikacen mota. Cancantar AEC-Q102 ta ƙara bambanta shi daga LEDs na kasuwanci na yau da kullun. Tsarin bin yana ba da iko mafi tsauri akan launi da yawan haske, wanda yake da mahimmanci don haske mai daidaito a cikin motoci.
13. Tambayoyi na Yau da Kullun
Q: Menene gudun tuƙi da aka ba da shawara?A: Gudun tuƙi na al'ada shine 350mA, amma har zuwa 700mA an yarda da shi tare da ingantaccen kulawar zafi. Don tsawon rayuwa, ana ba da shawara don ci gaba a 350mA ko ƙasa.
Q: Ana iya amfani da wannan LED a fitilun juyi?A: Ee, launin amber da haske mai girma ya sa ya dace da fitilun juyi, idan tsarin haske ya cika ka'idoji.
Q: Yaya zan tsaftace LED bayan soldering?A: Yi amfani da isopropyl alcohol. Kada a yi amfani da tsaftacewa ta ultrasonic saboda yana iya lalata na'urar.
Q: Menene tsawon rayuwar wannan LED?A: Takardar bayanai ba ta bayyana tsawon rayuwa ba, amma bisa ga gwaje-gwajen AEC-Q102, ana tsammanin zai wuce awanni 10,000 a yanayin da aka ƙayyade.
14. Misalan Aikace-aikacen Gaskiya
A wani misali, wani modul na fitilar rana ya yi amfani da 12 daga cikin waɗannan LEDs da aka tuƙa a 350mA kowanne, yana samun sama da lumen 800 tare da tsarin haske wanda ya cika ka'idojin ECE. Kumburin ceramic ya ba da damar modul ɗin ya yi aiki a yanayin 85°C ba tare da sanyaya mai aiki ba. Wani zanen fitilar hazo ya yi amfani da LEDs guda 6 tare da jimillar haske na lumen 600, yana wuce gwaje-gwajen girgizar zafi daga -40°C zuwa 125°C.
15. Ka'idar Aiki
Wannan LED ya dogara ne akan tsarin kayan InGaAlP, wanda ke fitar da haske amber ta hanyar haske na lantarki. Lokacin da aka juya gaba, electrons da ramuka suna sake haɗuwa a yankin aiki, suna sakin photons. Tushen ceramic yana ba da ingantaccen cire zafi, yana kiyaye zazzabin junction a cikin iyaka.
16. Hanyoyin Ci Gaba
Haskaka mota yana tafiya zuwa mafi girman inganci da ƙananan kunshin. LEDs na tushen ceramic tare da cancantar AEC-Q102 sun zama ma'auni don haskaka waje. Abubuwan da ke gaba sun haɗa da haɗin kai da direbobi masu basira da tsarin haskaka daidaitawa. Wannan samfur yana da kyakkyawan matsayi don saduwa da buƙatun mota na yanzu da na gaba.
Kalmomin Ƙayyadaddun LED
Cikakken bayanin kalmomin fasaha na LED
Aikin Hasken Wutar Lantarki
| Kalma | Naúrar/Wakilci | Bayanin Sauri | Me yasa yake da muhimmanci |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ingancin Hasken Wuta | lm/W (lumen kowace watt) | Fitowar haske kowace watt na wutar lantarki, mafi girma yana nufin mafi ingancin kuzari. | Kai tsaye yana ƙayyade matakin ingancin kuzari da farashin wutar lantarki. |
| Gudun Hasken Wuta | lm (lumen) | Jimillar hasken da tushe ke fitarwa, ana kiransa "haske". | Yana ƙayyade ko hasken yana da haske sosai. |
| Kusurwar Dubawa | ° (digiri), misali 120° | Kusurwar da ƙarfin haske ya ragu zuwa rabi, yana ƙayyade faɗin haske. | Yana shafar kewar haskakawa da daidaito. |
| Zafin Launi (CCT) | K (Kelvin), misali 2700K/6500K | Zafi/sanyin haske, ƙananan ƙimomi rawaya/zafi, mafi girma fari/sanyi. | Yana ƙayyade yanayin haskakawa da yanayin da suka dace. |
| CI / Ra | Ba naúrar, 0–100 | Ikon ba da launukan abubuwa daidai, Ra≥80 yana da kyau. | Yana shafar sahihancin launi, ana amfani dashi a wurare masu buƙatu kamar shaguna, gidajen tarihi. |
| SDCM | Matakan ellipse MacAdam, misali "5-mataki" | Ma'aunin daidaiton launi, ƙananan matakai suna nufin mafi daidaiton launi. | Yana tabbatar da daidaiton launi a cikin rukunin LED iri ɗaya. |
| Matsakaicin Tsawon Raɗaɗin Hasken | nm (nanomita), misali 620nm (ja) | Tsawon raɗaɗin haske daidai da launin LED masu launi. | Yana ƙayyade launin ja, rawaya, kore LED masu launi ɗaya. |
| Rarraba Bakan Hasken | Layin tsawon raɗaɗi da ƙarfi | Yana nuna rarraba ƙarfi a cikin tsawon raɗaɗin haske. | Yana shafar ba da launi da ingancin launi. |
Ma'auni na Lantarki
| Kalma | Alamar | Bayanin Sauri | Abubuwan ƙira |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ƙarfin lantarki na gaba | Vf | Mafi ƙarancin ƙarfin lantarki don kunna LED, kamar "maƙallan farawa". | Ƙarfin lantarki na injin dole ya zama ≥Vf, ƙarfin lantarki yana ƙara don LED a jere. |
| Ƙarfin lantarki na gaba | If | Ƙimar ƙarfin lantarki don aikin LED na yau da kullun. | Yawanci tuƙi mai ƙarfi akai-akai, ƙarfin lantarki yana ƙayyade haske da tsawon rai. |
| Matsakaicin Ƙarfin lantarki na bugun jini | Ifp | Matsakaicin ƙarfin lantarki mai jurewa na ɗan lokaci, ana amfani dashi don duhu ko walƙiya. | Fadin bugun jini da sake zagayowar aiki dole ne a sarrafa su sosai don guje wa lalacewa. |
| Ƙarfin lantarki na baya | Vr | Matsakaicin ƙarfin lantarki na baya da LED zai iya jurewa, wanda ya wuce zai iya haifar da rushewa. | Dangane dole ne ya hana haɗin baya ko ƙarfin lantarki. |
| Juriya na zafi | Rth (°C/W) | Juriya ga canja wurin zafi daga guntu zuwa solder, ƙasa yana da kyau. | Babban juriya na zafi yana buƙatar zubar da zafi mai ƙarfi. |
| Rigakafin ESD | V (HBM), misali 1000V | Ikon jurewa zubar da wutar lantarki, mafi girma yana nufin ƙasa mai rauni. | Ana buƙatar matakan hana wutar lantarki a cikin samarwa, musamman ga LED masu hankali. |
Gudanar da Zafi & Amincewa
| Kalma | Ma'aunin maɓalli | Bayanin Sauri | Tasiri |
|---|---|---|---|
| Zazzabin Haɗin gwiwa | Tj (°C) | Ainihin yanayin aiki a cikin guntun LED. | Kowane raguwa 10°C na iya ninka tsawon rai; yayi yawa yana haifar da lalacewar haske, canjin launi. |
| Ragewar Lumen | L70 / L80 (sa'o'i) | Lokacin da haske ya ragu zuwa 70% ko 80% na farko. | Kai tsaye yana ayyana "tsawon sabis" na LED. |
| Kula da Lumen | % (misali 70%) | Kashi na hasken da aka riƙe bayan lokaci. | Yana nuna riƙon haske akan amfani na dogon lokaci. |
| Canjin Launi | Δu′v′ ko ellipse MacAdam | Matsakaicin canjin launi yayin amfani. | Yana shafar daidaiton launi a cikin yanayin haskakawa. |
| Tsufa na Zafi | Lalacewar kayan aiki | Lalacewa saboda yanayin zafi na dogon lokaci. | Zai iya haifar da raguwar haske, canjin launi, ko gazawar buɗe kewaye. |
Tufafi & Kayan Aiki
| Kalma | Nau'ikan gama gari | Bayanin Sauri | Siffofi & Aikace-aikace |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nau'in Kunshin | EMC, PPA, Yumbu | Kayan gida masu kare guntu, samar da hanyar sadarwa ta gani/zafi. | EMC: juriya mai kyau na zafi, farashi mai rahusa; Yumbu: mafi kyawun zubar da zafi, tsawon rai. |
| Tsarin Guntu | Gaba, Guntu Juyawa | Tsarin na'urorin lantarki na guntu. | Juyawar guntu: mafi kyawun zubar da zafi, inganci mafi girma, don ƙarfi mai ƙarfi. |
| Rufin Phosphor | YAG, Silicate, Nitride | Yana rufe guntu shuɗi, yana canza wasu zuwa rawaya/ja, yana haɗa su zuwa fari. | Phosphor daban-daban suna shafar inganci, CCT, da CRI. |
| Ruwan tabarau/Optics | Lefi, Microlens, TIR | Tsarin gani a saman yana sarrafa rarraba haske. | Yana ƙayyade kusurwar dubawa da layin rarraba haske. |
Kula da Inganci & Rarraba
| Kalma | Abun rarraba | Bayanin Sauri | Manufa |
|---|---|---|---|
| Kwalin Gudun Hasken | Lambar misali 2G, 2H | An tattara su ta hanyar haske, kowace ƙungiya tana da ƙananan/matsakaicin ƙimar lumen. | Yana tabbatar da daidaiton haske a cikin jeri ɗaya. |
| Kwalin Ƙarfin lantarki | Lambar misali 6W, 6X | An tattara su ta hanyar kewayon ƙarfin lantarki na gaba. | Yana sauƙaƙe daidaitawar tuƙi, yana inganta ingancin tsarin. |
| Kwalin Launi | Ellipse MacAdam 5-mataki | An tattara su ta hanyar daidaitattun launi, yana tabbatar da ƙuntataccen kewayon. | Yana ba da garantin daidaiton launi, yana guje wa launi mara daidaituwa a cikin kayan aikin. |
| Kwalin CCT | 2700K, 3000K da sauransu | An tattara su ta hanyar CCT, kowanne yana da madaidaicin kewayon daidaitawa. | Yana cika buƙatun CCT na yanayi daban-daban. |
Gwaji & Takaddun Shaida
| Kalma | Matsakaicin/Gwaji | Bayanin Sauri | Muhimmanci |
|---|---|---|---|
| LM-80 | Gwajin kula da lumen | Haskakawa na dogon lokaci a yanayin zafi akai-akai, yana rikodin lalacewar haske. | Ana amfani dashi don kimanta rayuwar LED (tare da TM-21). |
| TM-21 | Matsakaicin kimanta rayuwa | Yana kimanta rayuwa a ƙarƙashin yanayi na ainihi bisa bayanan LM-80. | Yana ba da hasashen kimiyya na rayuwa. |
| IESNA | Ƙungiyar Injiniyoyin Haskakawa | Yana rufe hanyoyin gwajin gani, lantarki, zafi. | Tushen gwaji da masana'antu suka amince. |
| RoHS / REACH | Tabbatarwar muhalli | Yana tabbatar da babu abubuwa masu cutarwa (darma, mercury). | Bukatar shiga kasuwa a duniya. |
| ENERGY STAR / DLC | Tabbatarwar ingancin kuzari | Tabbatarwar ingancin kuzari da aiki don samfuran haskakawa. | Ana amfani dashi a cikin sayayyan gwamnati, shirye-shiryen tallafi, yana haɓaka gasa. |