Teburin Abubuwan Ciki
- 1. Bayyani na Samfur
- 1.1 Mahimman Fasaloli
- 1.2 Aikace-aikace
- 2. Tattaunawa Mai Zurfi na Ma'auni
- 2.1 Halayen Lantarki/Gani (IF=20mA)
- 2.2 Matsakaicin Ƙarfafawa na Mutuƙa
- 3. Bayanin Tsarin Binning
- 3.1 Bins na Tsawon Zango mai rinjaye
- 3.2 Bins na Ƙarfin Haske
- 3.3 Bins na Wutar Gaba
- 4. Binciken Ƙididdiga na Aiki
- 4.1 Wutar Gaba vs. Igiyar Gaba (Hoto 1-6)
- 4.2 Ƙarfin Dangi vs. Igiyar Gaba (Hoto 1-7)
- 4.3 Zafin Ƙafa vs. Ƙarfin Dangi (Hoto 1-8)
- 4.4 Zafin Ƙafa vs. Igiyar Gaba (Hoto 1-9)
- 4.5 Tsawon Zango mai rinjaye vs. Igiyar Gaba (Hoto 1-10 zuwa 1-12)
- 4.6 Ƙarfin Dangi vs. Tsawon Zango (Hoto 1-13)
- 4.7 Tsarin Hasken Ruwai (Hoto 1-14)
- 5. Bayanin Injiniya da Marufi
- 5.1 Girman Fakitin
- 5.2 Tsarin Matattu na Solding da aka Shawarar
- 5.3 Girman Tef ɗin Jigilar Kaya da Reel
- 5.4 Bayanin Lakabin
- 5.5 Jakar Kare Danshi (MBB)
- 6. Jagororin Haɗa da Taro
- 6.1 Tsarin Solding na Reflow
- 6.2 Solding da Hannu
- 6.3 Ajiya da Gasa
- 7. Bayanin Marufi da Oda
- 8. Shawarwarin Ƙira na Aikace-aikace
- 8.1 Aikace-aikace na Yau da kullun
- 8.2 Abubuwan La'akari na Ƙira
- 9. Kwatanta Fasaha
- 10. Tambayoyi da Aka Yi Yawa
- 11. Nazarin Harka: Alamar Matsayi mai Launi da Yawa
- 12. Ka'idar Aiki
- 13. Hanyoyin Kasuwa da Ci Gaba na Gaba
- Kalmomin Ƙayyadaddun LED
- Aikin Hasken Wutar Lantarki
- Ma'auni na Lantarki
- Gudanar da Zafi & Amincewa
- Tufafi & Kayan Aiki
- Kula da Inganci & Rarraba
- Gwaji & Takaddun Shaida
1. Bayyani na Samfur
RF-W2S118TS-A42-E1 wani LED SMD ne mai aiki mai girma da aka ƙera don ayyukan nuni da nunawa gabaɗaya. Yana haɗa guntuwar LED shuɗi, kore, da orange a cikin fakitin 3.2mm x 1.0mm x 1.48mm, yana ba da kyakkyawan haɗuwar launi da kusurwar kallo mai faɗi. Na'urar ta dace da duk hanyoyin haɗa SMT kuma tana bi ka'idar RoHS, tare da matakin damshin danshi na 3. Ƙarfinta da ƙaramin girmansa sun sa ta dace da ƙirar da ke da matsanancin sarari da ke buƙatar launuka da yawa.
1.1 Mahimman Fasaloli
- Kusurwar kallo mai faɗi sosai (140° na yau da kullun) don rarraba haske daidai.
- Ya dace da duk hanyoyin haɗa SMT da na tafasawa.
- Matakan damshin danshi: Mataki na 3 (tsawon aiki na awa 168 bayan buɗe jakar).
- Ya bi ka'idar RoHS, yana da alhakin muhalli.
- Fitarwa mai launuka uku: Orange (620-630nm), Kore (515-530nm), Shuɗi (465-475nm).
1.2 Aikace-aikace
- Alamomi na gani da siginonin matsayi.
- Maɓallai, alamomi, da hasken baya na nuni.
- Hasken gabaɗaya a cikin na'urorin lantarki na masu amfani, motoci, da kayan aikin masana'antu.
2. Tattaunawa Mai Zurfi na Ma'auni
Duk ma'auni ana auna su a Ts=25°C sai dai in an bayyana. Sashe na gaba suna ba da bayani dalla-dalla na halayen lantarki, gani, da zafi.
2.1 Halayen Lantarki/Gani (IF=20mA)
| Ma'auni | Launi | Mafi ƙanƙanta | Na yau da kullun | Mafi girma | Raka'a |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fadin Rabin Zango na Bakan | Orange | -- | 15 | -- | nm |
| Fadin Rabin Zango na Bakan | Kore | -- | 30 | -- | nm |
| Fadin Rabin Zango na Bakan | Shuɗi | -- | 30 | -- | nm |
| Wutar Gaba (VF) | Orange | 1.8 | -- | 2.4 | V |
| Wutar Gaba (VF) | Kore | 2.8 | -- | 3.5 | V |
| Wutar Gaba (VF) | Shuɗi | 2.8 | -- | 3.5 | V |
| Tsawon Zango mai rinjaye (λd) | Orange | 620.0 | -- | 630.0 | nm |
| Tsawon Zango mai rinjaye (λd) | Kore | 515.0 | -- | 530.0 | nm |
| Tsawon Zango mai rinjaye (λd) | Shuɗi | 465.0 | -- | 475.0 | nm |
| Ƙarfin Haske (IV) | Orange | 70 | -- | 900 | mcd |
| Ƙarfin Haske (IV) | Kore | 70 | -- | 330 | mcd |
| Ƙarfin Haske (IV) | Shuɗi | 70 | -- | 260 | mcd |
| Kusurwar Kallo (2θ1/2) | Duk | -- | 140 | -- | deg |
| Igiyar Baya (IR) @ VR=5V | Duk | -- | -- | 10 | µA |
| Juriya na Zafi (RTHJ-S) | Duk | -- | -- | 450 | ℃/W |
2.2 Matsakaicin Ƙarfafawa na Mutuƙa
| Ma'auni | Orange | Kore | Shuɗi | Raka'a |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rushewar Ƙarfi (Pd) | 48 | 70 | 70 | mW |
| Igiyar Gaba (IF) | 20 | mA | ||
| Igiyar Gaba ta Koli (IFP) (1/10 aiki, 0.1ms) | 60 | mA | ||
| ESD (HBM) | 1000 | V | ||
| Zafin Aiki (Topr) | -40 ~ +85 | ℃ | ||
| Zafin Ajiya (Tstg) | -40 ~ +85 | ℃ | ||
| Zafin Haɗin Gwiwa (Tj) | 95 | ℃ | ||
3. Bayanin Tsarin Binning
Ana binning LED ɗin ta tsawon zango mai rinjaye, ƙarfin haske, da wutar gaba don tabbatar da daidaito a samarwa. Ana nuna lambobin bin a kan lakabin samfur.
3.1 Bins na Tsawon Zango mai rinjaye
Orange: Lambobin E00-F00 (620-630nm). Kore: D10-F20 (515-530nm). Shuɗi: D10-E20 (465-475nm). Kowane bin yana rufe kewayon 2.5nm ko 5nm don iko sosai na launi.
3.2 Bins na Ƙarfin Haske
Bins na ƙarfi ana lamba su kamar 1DW, 1AP, G20, da sauransu, kowane yana rufe kewayon musamman (misali, 70-90 mcd ga 1DW, 90-120 mcd ga 1AP). Orange yana da mafi faɗin kewayo (1DW zuwa 1CL) har zuwa 900 mcd. Kore yana daga 1DW zuwa 1GK (70-260 mcd). Shuɗi yana daga 1DW zuwa 1AU (70-330 mcd).
3.3 Bins na Wutar Gaba
Orange yana amfani da lamba 1L (1.8-2.4V). Kore da Shuɗi suna amfani da lamba 1N (2.8-3.5V).
4. Binciken Ƙididdiga na Aiki
Takardun bayanai suna ba da ƙididdiga na yau da kullun na halayen gani don taimaka wa masu ƙira su yi hasashen hali a ƙarƙashin yanayi daban-daban.
4.1 Wutar Gaba vs. Igiyar Gaba (Hoto 1-6)
Yayin da igiyar gaba ta ƙaru daga 0 zuwa 30mA, wutar gaba ta tashi ba daidai ba. A 20mA, VF kusan 2.0V ga orange da 3.0V ga kore/shuɗi. Wannan ƙididdiga tana da mahimmanci don ƙira na'urorin ƙuntata igiya.
4.2 Ƙarfin Dangi vs. Igiyar Gaba (Hoto 1-7)
Ƙarfin dangi yana ƙaruwa kusan daidai da igiyar gaba har zuwa 30mA, tare da ƙaramin jikewa a manyan igiyoyi. Yin aiki a 20mA yana ba da daidaitaccen ma'auni na haske da inganci.
4.3 Zafin Ƙafa vs. Ƙarfin Dangi (Hoto 1-8)
Yayin da zafin yanayi ya tashi daga 25°C zuwa 100°C, ƙarfin dangi yana raguwa da kusan 20% ga duk launuka. Gudanar da zafi yana da mahimmanci a wuraren da zafin yanayi ya yi yawa don kiyaye haske mai daidaito.
4.4 Zafin Ƙafa vs. Igiyar Gaba (Hoto 1-9)
Matsakaicin igiyar gaba da aka yarda yana raguwa tare da ƙaruwar zafin ƙafa don guje wa wuce iyakar zafin haɗin gwiwa. Misali, a 85°C, dole ne a rage igiyar zuwa kusan 15mA.
4.5 Tsawon Zango mai rinjaye vs. Igiyar Gaba (Hoto 1-10 zuwa 1-12)
Don guntuwar shuɗi, ƙara igiya daga 0 zuwa 30mA yana haifar da canjin shuɗi (tsawon zango yana raguwa da ~3nm). Orange da kore suna nuna canji kaɗan. Dole ne a yi la'akari da wannan tasiri a aikace-aikacen launuka da yawa da ke buƙatar tsayayyen launi.
4.6 Ƙarfin Dangi vs. Tsawon Zango (Hoto 1-13)
Rarraba bakan yana nuna kololuwar kunkuntar don shuɗi (~468nm), kore (~522nm), da orange (~624nm). Cikakken faɗi a rabin matsakaici (FWHM) shine 15nm ga orange, 30nm ga kore da shuɗi.
4.7 Tsarin Hasken Ruwai (Hoto 1-14)
Kusurwar kallo tana da 140° (rabin kusurwa), yana nuna rarraba mai faɗi, mai kama da Lambertian wanda ya dace da haskaka yanki daidai.
5. Bayanin Injiniya da Marufi
5.1 Girman Fakitin
Fakitin LED yana auna 3.20mm x 1.00mm x 1.48mm (tsawon x faɗi x tsawo). Ana ba da kallon sama da gefe a cikin takardun bayanai. Ƙasan kallo yana nuna matattu huɗu: matashi 1 (alamar polarity, mai yiwuwa cathode ga shuɗi?), matashi 2 (anode na kore), matashi 3 (anode na shuɗi), matashi 4 (anode na orange). Alamar polarity tana nuna alamar triangle ko ƙaraje a sama.
5.2 Tsarin Matattu na Solding da aka Shawarar
Tsarin ƙafar PCB da aka shawarar ya haɗa da matattu rectangular guda huɗu: 0.80mm x 0.35mm ga kowane, tare da 1.30mm farauta tsakanin layuka. Ana shawarar isassun sassauci na zafi da buɗe abin rufe gashi don haɗa abin dogara.
5.3 Girman Tef ɗin Jigilar Kaya da Reel
Ana ba da LED ɗin akan tef mai faɗi 8mm tare da farauta ramin sprocket 4mm. Kaurin tef shine 1.25mm. Diamita na reel shine 178mm (inci 7), tare da diamita na cibiya na 60mm da ramin spindle na 13mm. Kowane reel yana ɗauke da guntu 3000.
5.4 Bayanin Lakabin
Lakabin akan reel sun haɗa da lambar sashi, lambar takamaiman, lambar kuri'a, lambar bin (haske na haske, chromaticity, wutar gaba, tsawon zango), yawa, da lambar kwanan wata.
5.5 Jakar Kare Danshi (MBB)
Ana rufe reel ɗin a cikin jakar kare danshi ta aluminum tare da abin bushewa da katin nuna damshin. Ana tattara jakar ta hanyar vacuum don kiyaye matakin danshi ƙasa da ƙofar da aka kayyade.
6. Jagororin Haɗa da Taro
6.1 Tsarin Solding na Reflow
Tsarin reflow da aka shawarar ya dogara ne akan JEDEC J-STD-020. Ma'auni masu mahimmanci: Preheat daga 150°C zuwa 200°C na daƙiƙa 60-120. Ƙimar hawa ≤3°C/s. Lokaci sama da 217°C: daƙiƙa 60-150. Zafin koli: 260°C (matsakaicin daƙiƙa 10). Ƙimar sanyaya ≤6°C/s. Jimlar lokaci daga 25°C zuwa koli: matsakaicin mintuna 8. Ana iya yin reflow sau biyu, amma tazarar tsakanin reflows bai kamata ta wuce awa 24 ba don guje wa lalacewar shayar da danshi.
6.2 Solding da Hannu
Idan an buƙaci solding da hannu, yi amfani da ƙarfe na solding a<300°C na ƙasa da daƙiƙa 3 a kowane matashi, kuma sau ɗaya kawai. Kada ku yi amfani da ƙarfi na injiniya yayin sanyaya.
6.3 Ajiya da Gasa
Kafin buɗe MBB, ajiye a ≤30°C da ≤75% RH har zuwa shekara 1. Bayan buɗe, dole ne a yi amfani da LED ɗin cikin awa 168 a ƙarƙashin ≤30°C da ≤60% RH. Idan mai nuna damshin ya nuna fallasa ko lokacin ajiya ya wuce, gasa a 60°C ±5°C na fiye da awa 24 kafin amfani.
7. Bayanin Marufi da Oda
Marufin daidaitattun shine guntu 3000 a kowane reel akan tef 8mm. Kowane reel ana lakaba shi daidaikun mutane kuma an rufe shi a cikin jakar kare danshi. Don manyan oda, ana tara reels da yawa a cikin akwatin kwali. Lambar sashi RF-W2S118TS-A42-E1 ta haɗa da cikakkun bayanai na tsari. Tuntuɓi mai bayarwa don zaɓuɓɓukan binning ko marufi na musamman.
8. Shawarwarin Ƙira na Aikace-aikace
8.1 Aikace-aikace na Yau da kullun
Alamomi na matsayi, hasken baya na maɓallai, hasken ado na RGB, allon nuni, hasken ciki na motoci, da na'urorin lantarki na masu amfani.
8.2 Abubuwan La'akari na Ƙira
- Ƙuntata Igiya:Koyaushe yi amfani da resistors a jere don ƙuntata igiya zuwa 20mA a kowace tashar. Canjin ƙarami a wutar samarwa na iya haifar da babban canjin igiya saboda halayen I-V na exponential na LED.
- Gudanar da Zafi:Matsakaicin zafin haɗin gwiwa shine 95°C. Tabbatar da isassun zubar da zafi ta hanyar filayen jan ƙarfe na PCB. Rage igiya a manyan zafin yanayi.
- Kariya ta ESD:LED ɗin an ƙididdige shi don 1000V HBM. Yi amfani da matakan kariya na ESD na yau da kullun yayin mu'amala da taro. Yi la'akari da ƙara diodes na TVS don ƙira mai ƙarfi.
- Haɗa Launi:Don samar da haske fari, tuka dukkan guntuwar guda uku tare da daidaitattun PWM ko igiyoyin analog. Kusurwar kallo mai faɗi tana taimaka haɗa daidai.
- Muhalli:Guji fallasa ga mahadi na sulfur, chlorine, bromine da suka wuce iyakokin da aka shawarar (S<100ppm, Br<900ppm, Cl<900ppm, jimlar halogens<1500ppm).
9. Kwatanta Fasaha
Idan aka kwatanta da LED SMD 3528 ko 2835 na al'ada, RF-W2S118TS-A42-E1 yana ba da ƙaramin girma (3.2x1.0mm vs na yau da kullun 3.5x2.8mm) da kusurwar kallo mai faɗi sosai (140° vs 120° na yau da kullun). Yana ɗaya daga cikin mafi ƙanƙanta (1.48mm) LED masu launuka uku da ake samu, yana sa ya dace da ƙira masu siriri. Guntuwar guda uku da aka haɗa suna ba da damar sarrafa kai tsaye don haɗa launi mai canzawa ba tare da na'urorin gani na waje ba.
10. Tambayoyi da Aka Yi Yawa
- Menene matsakaicin igiya ga kowane launi?Matsakaicin igiyar gaba na mutuƙa shine 20mA DC, da 60mA na bugun jini (1/10 aiki, 0.1ms). Kada ku wuce waɗannan ƙididdiga don guje wa lalacewa.
- Zan iya amfani da duk launuka uku a lokaci guda a kowane 20mA?E, amma tabbatar da cewa jimlar rushewar ƙarfi ba ta sa zafin haɗin gwiwa ya wuce 95°C ba. A aikace, fakitin yana iya ɗaukar 48mW (orange) + 70mW (kore) + 70mW (shuɗi) = 188mW jimlar, wanda ke cikin iyakoki lafiya idan ƙirar zafi ta dace.
- Menene ƙarfin haske na yau da kullun ga kowane launi?Orange: 70-900 mcd, Kore: 70-330 mcd, Shuɗi: 70-260 mcd (a 20mA). Waɗannan kewayon sun dogara da binning. Duba lambar bin a kan lakabin don ainihin ƙimar.
- Yaya zan tsaftace LED bayan solding?Yi amfani da isopropyl alcohol (IPA). Kada ku yi amfani da sauran ƙarfi waɗanda zasu iya lalata kayan rufe silicone. Ba a ba da shawarar tsaftacewa ta ultrasonic ba.
- Menene buƙatun damshin ajiya?Bayan buɗe jakar kare danshi, dole ne a yi amfani da LED ɗin cikin awa 168 (kwanaki 7) a ƙarƙashin<60% RH da<30°C. Ana buƙatar gasa idan waɗannan yanayi sun keta.
- Shin LED ɗin ya dace da reflow mara gubar?E, zafin koli na 260°C ya dace da ƙa'idodin solding mara gubar.
11. Nazarin Harka: Alamar Matsayi mai Launi da Yawa
A cikin sauya cibiyar sadarwa ta yau da kullun, ana iya amfani da RF-W2S118TS-A42-E1 don nuna matsayin haɗi (kore), aiki (orange), da kuskure (shuɗi). Kowane LED ana tuka shi ta hanyar tushen igiya na dindindin a 15mA don rage ƙarfi da tsawaita rayuwa. Kusurwar kallo mai faɗi tana tabbatar da gani daga kusurwoyi da yawa. Girman ƙanƙanta yana ba da damar sanya yawa a kan panel na 1U. Nazarin zafi yana nuna cewa tare da PCB jan ƙarfe 0.5oz da isassun haɗa ta hanyar via, zafin haɗin gwiwa yana tsayawa ƙasa da 75°C a yanayin zafin 25°C.
12. Ka'idar Aiki
Kowace guntuwar launi diode ce ta semiconductor da ke fitar da haske lokacin da aka sanya wutar gaba. Guntuwar orange tana amfani da fasahar AlGaInP, yayin da kore da shuɗi ke amfani da fasahar InGaN. Tsawon zango da aka fitar ana ƙayyade shi ta hanyar bandgap na kayan semiconductor. Kayan rufe silicone yana kare guntuwar kuma yana ba da daidaitaccen refractive don fitar da haske mai inganci.
13. Hanyoyin Kasuwa da Ci Gaba na Gaba
Hanyar a cikin marufi na LED tana zuwa ga ƙaramin girma, mafi girman ingancin haske, da haɗa launuka da yawa. Wannan na'urar tana nuna canjin masana'antu zuwa ƙananan girma tare da kiyaye babban aiki. Haɓakawa na gaba na iya haɗa da manyan masu ɗaukar zafi da ƙarin tsananin binning na launi don ba da daidaito mafi kyau a cikin nunin modula.
Kalmomin Ƙayyadaddun LED
Cikakken bayanin kalmomin fasaha na LED
Aikin Hasken Wutar Lantarki
| Kalma | Naúrar/Wakilci | Bayanin Sauri | Me yasa yake da muhimmanci |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ingancin Hasken Wuta | lm/W (lumen kowace watt) | Fitowar haske kowace watt na wutar lantarki, mafi girma yana nufin mafi ingancin kuzari. | Kai tsaye yana ƙayyade matakin ingancin kuzari da farashin wutar lantarki. |
| Gudun Hasken Wuta | lm (lumen) | Jimillar hasken da tushe ke fitarwa, ana kiransa "haske". | Yana ƙayyade ko hasken yana da haske sosai. |
| Kusurwar Dubawa | ° (digiri), misali 120° | Kusurwar da ƙarfin haske ya ragu zuwa rabi, yana ƙayyade faɗin haske. | Yana shafar kewar haskakawa da daidaito. |
| Zafin Launi (CCT) | K (Kelvin), misali 2700K/6500K | Zafi/sanyin haske, ƙananan ƙimomi rawaya/zafi, mafi girma fari/sanyi. | Yana ƙayyade yanayin haskakawa da yanayin da suka dace. |
| CI / Ra | Ba naúrar, 0–100 | Ikon ba da launukan abubuwa daidai, Ra≥80 yana da kyau. | Yana shafar sahihancin launi, ana amfani dashi a wurare masu buƙatu kamar shaguna, gidajen tarihi. |
| SDCM | Matakan ellipse MacAdam, misali "5-mataki" | Ma'aunin daidaiton launi, ƙananan matakai suna nufin mafi daidaiton launi. | Yana tabbatar da daidaiton launi a cikin rukunin LED iri ɗaya. |
| Matsakaicin Tsawon Raɗaɗin Hasken | nm (nanomita), misali 620nm (ja) | Tsawon raɗaɗin haske daidai da launin LED masu launi. | Yana ƙayyade launin ja, rawaya, kore LED masu launi ɗaya. |
| Rarraba Bakan Hasken | Layin tsawon raɗaɗi da ƙarfi | Yana nuna rarraba ƙarfi a cikin tsawon raɗaɗin haske. | Yana shafar ba da launi da ingancin launi. |
Ma'auni na Lantarki
| Kalma | Alamar | Bayanin Sauri | Abubuwan ƙira |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ƙarfin lantarki na gaba | Vf | Mafi ƙarancin ƙarfin lantarki don kunna LED, kamar "maƙallan farawa". | Ƙarfin lantarki na injin dole ya zama ≥Vf, ƙarfin lantarki yana ƙara don LED a jere. |
| Ƙarfin lantarki na gaba | If | Ƙimar ƙarfin lantarki don aikin LED na yau da kullun. | Yawanci tuƙi mai ƙarfi akai-akai, ƙarfin lantarki yana ƙayyade haske da tsawon rai. |
| Matsakaicin Ƙarfin lantarki na bugun jini | Ifp | Matsakaicin ƙarfin lantarki mai jurewa na ɗan lokaci, ana amfani dashi don duhu ko walƙiya. | Fadin bugun jini da sake zagayowar aiki dole ne a sarrafa su sosai don guje wa lalacewa. |
| Ƙarfin lantarki na baya | Vr | Matsakaicin ƙarfin lantarki na baya da LED zai iya jurewa, wanda ya wuce zai iya haifar da rushewa. | Dangane dole ne ya hana haɗin baya ko ƙarfin lantarki. |
| Juriya na zafi | Rth (°C/W) | Juriya ga canja wurin zafi daga guntu zuwa solder, ƙasa yana da kyau. | Babban juriya na zafi yana buƙatar zubar da zafi mai ƙarfi. |
| Rigakafin ESD | V (HBM), misali 1000V | Ikon jurewa zubar da wutar lantarki, mafi girma yana nufin ƙasa mai rauni. | Ana buƙatar matakan hana wutar lantarki a cikin samarwa, musamman ga LED masu hankali. |
Gudanar da Zafi & Amincewa
| Kalma | Ma'aunin maɓalli | Bayanin Sauri | Tasiri |
|---|---|---|---|
| Zazzabin Haɗin gwiwa | Tj (°C) | Ainihin yanayin aiki a cikin guntun LED. | Kowane raguwa 10°C na iya ninka tsawon rai; yayi yawa yana haifar da lalacewar haske, canjin launi. |
| Ragewar Lumen | L70 / L80 (sa'o'i) | Lokacin da haske ya ragu zuwa 70% ko 80% na farko. | Kai tsaye yana ayyana "tsawon sabis" na LED. |
| Kula da Lumen | % (misali 70%) | Kashi na hasken da aka riƙe bayan lokaci. | Yana nuna riƙon haske akan amfani na dogon lokaci. |
| Canjin Launi | Δu′v′ ko ellipse MacAdam | Matsakaicin canjin launi yayin amfani. | Yana shafar daidaiton launi a cikin yanayin haskakawa. |
| Tsufa na Zafi | Lalacewar kayan aiki | Lalacewa saboda yanayin zafi na dogon lokaci. | Zai iya haifar da raguwar haske, canjin launi, ko gazawar buɗe kewaye. |
Tufafi & Kayan Aiki
| Kalma | Nau'ikan gama gari | Bayanin Sauri | Siffofi & Aikace-aikace |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nau'in Kunshin | EMC, PPA, Yumbu | Kayan gida masu kare guntu, samar da hanyar sadarwa ta gani/zafi. | EMC: juriya mai kyau na zafi, farashi mai rahusa; Yumbu: mafi kyawun zubar da zafi, tsawon rai. |
| Tsarin Guntu | Gaba, Guntu Juyawa | Tsarin na'urorin lantarki na guntu. | Juyawar guntu: mafi kyawun zubar da zafi, inganci mafi girma, don ƙarfi mai ƙarfi. |
| Rufin Phosphor | YAG, Silicate, Nitride | Yana rufe guntu shuɗi, yana canza wasu zuwa rawaya/ja, yana haɗa su zuwa fari. | Phosphor daban-daban suna shafar inganci, CCT, da CRI. |
| Ruwan tabarau/Optics | Lefi, Microlens, TIR | Tsarin gani a saman yana sarrafa rarraba haske. | Yana ƙayyade kusurwar dubawa da layin rarraba haske. |
Kula da Inganci & Rarraba
| Kalma | Abun rarraba | Bayanin Sauri | Manufa |
|---|---|---|---|
| Kwalin Gudun Hasken | Lambar misali 2G, 2H | An tattara su ta hanyar haske, kowace ƙungiya tana da ƙananan/matsakaicin ƙimar lumen. | Yana tabbatar da daidaiton haske a cikin jeri ɗaya. |
| Kwalin Ƙarfin lantarki | Lambar misali 6W, 6X | An tattara su ta hanyar kewayon ƙarfin lantarki na gaba. | Yana sauƙaƙe daidaitawar tuƙi, yana inganta ingancin tsarin. |
| Kwalin Launi | Ellipse MacAdam 5-mataki | An tattara su ta hanyar daidaitattun launi, yana tabbatar da ƙuntataccen kewayon. | Yana ba da garantin daidaiton launi, yana guje wa launi mara daidaituwa a cikin kayan aikin. |
| Kwalin CCT | 2700K, 3000K da sauransu | An tattara su ta hanyar CCT, kowanne yana da madaidaicin kewayon daidaitawa. | Yana cika buƙatun CCT na yanayi daban-daban. |
Gwaji & Takaddun Shaida
| Kalma | Matsakaicin/Gwaji | Bayanin Sauri | Muhimmanci |
|---|---|---|---|
| LM-80 | Gwajin kula da lumen | Haskakawa na dogon lokaci a yanayin zafi akai-akai, yana rikodin lalacewar haske. | Ana amfani dashi don kimanta rayuwar LED (tare da TM-21). |
| TM-21 | Matsakaicin kimanta rayuwa | Yana kimanta rayuwa a ƙarƙashin yanayi na ainihi bisa bayanan LM-80. | Yana ba da hasashen kimiyya na rayuwa. |
| IESNA | Ƙungiyar Injiniyoyin Haskakawa | Yana rufe hanyoyin gwajin gani, lantarki, zafi. | Tushen gwaji da masana'antu suka amince. |
| RoHS / REACH | Tabbatarwar muhalli | Yana tabbatar da babu abubuwa masu cutarwa (darma, mercury). | Bukatar shiga kasuwa a duniya. |
| ENERGY STAR / DLC | Tabbatarwar ingancin kuzari | Tabbatarwar ingancin kuzari da aiki don samfuran haskakawa. | Ana amfani dashi a cikin sayayyan gwamnati, shirye-shiryen tallafi, yana haɓaka gasa. |