LED Fari 3.5x2.8x1.84mm, 3.1V, 30mA, 91mW - Bayanin Kunshin PLCC2

1. Bayanin Samfurin

Wannan LED fari an yi shi ta amfani da guntu shuɗi tare da phosphor don samar da haske fari. An saka shi a cikin kunshin PLCC2 mai girma 3.50mm x 2.80mm x 1.84mm (tsayi x faɗi x tsawo). Na'urar an tsara ta don aikace-aikacen haskakawa na gaba ɗaya, musamman hasken cikin mota da maɓalli, kuma ta bi ka'idodin cancantar gwajin damuwa na AEC-Q101 don semiconductors na aji na mota. Abubuwan da suka fi dacewa sun haɗa da kusurwar gani mai faɗi, dacewa da duk taron SMT da tsarin siyarwa, da samuwa a cikin marufi na tef da reel. Matakin laushi na danshi shine Mataki na 2 bisa ga ka'idodin JEDEC, kuma bangaren ya cika buƙatun RoHS da REACH.

2. Binciken Ma'auni na Fasaha

2.1 Halayen Gani da Lantarki (Ts=25°C)

A gwajin halin yanzu na 3mA, wutar lantarki ta gaba (VF) tana daga 2.5V zuwa 3.1V, tare da ƙimomi na yau da kullun a kusa da 2.7V zuwa 3.1V. Halin juyawa (IR) a VR=5V shine iyakar 10 µA, yana tabbatar da ƙarancin zubewa. Tsananin haske (IV) a 3mA yana tsakanin 23 mcd zuwa 53 mcd, ya danganta da bin. Kusurwar gani (2θ1/2) yawanci digiri 120 ne, yana ba da tarwatsawar haske mai faɗi. Juriya na zafi daga haɗin gwiwa zuwa wurin siyarwa (RTHJ-S) an ƙiyasta shi da 300 °C/W iyaka.

2.2 Matsakaicin Matsakaicin Ma'auni

Na'urar na iya jure wutar lantarki (PD) har zuwa 91 mW. Matsakaicin ci gaba na gaba na yanzu shine 30 mA, yayin da mafi girman halin yanzu na gaba (duty cycle 1/10, bugun jini 10ms) na iya kaiwa 100 mA. Wutar juyawa tana iyakance zuwa 5V. Juriya na fitar da wutar lantarki (HBM) shine 2000V. Yanayin aiki da ajiya na zafin jiki duka -40°C zuwa +100°C ne, tare da matsakaicin zafin haɗin gwiwa na 120°C. Masu tsara dole ne su tabbatar da cewa wutar lantarki bai wuce matsakaicin matakin ba, kuma ya kamata a iyakance halin yanzu ta amfani da masu juriya masu dacewa don hana guduwar zafi.

3. Tsarin Binning

3.1 Binning na Wutar Lantarki da Tsananin Haske (IF=3mA)

LED an rarraba shi zuwa bins don wutar lantarki da tsananin haske. Bins na wutar lantarki sun haɗa da E2 (2.5-2.6V), F1 (2.6-2.7V), F2 (2.7-2.8V), G1 (2.8-2.9V), G2 (2.9-3.0V), H1 (3.0-3.1V). Bins na tsananin haske sune C20 (23-28 mcd), D10 (28-35 mcd), D20 (35-43 mcd), E10 (43-53 mcd). Wannan binning yana bawa abokan ciniki damar zaɓar LED tare da daidaiton aikin lantarki da gani don takamaiman aikace-aikacen su.

3.2 Binning na Launi

Hakanan an rarraba LED don daidaitawar launi bisa ga CIE 1931 (x,y) chromaticity. An bayyana manyan bins guda huɗu: M02, M03, P02, P03. Kowane bin yana da yanki mai rectangular a cikin zane mai chromaticity, yana tabbatar da daidaiton launi. Misali, M02 yana rufe x=0.2766-0.2866, y=0.2397-0.2477; M03 yana rufe x=0.2857-0.2957, y=0.2557-0.2637; P02 yana rufe x=0.2674-0.2820, y=0.2317-0.2397; P03 yana rufe x=0.2766-0.2911, y=0.2477-0.2557. Waɗannan bins sun yi daidai da haske fari tare da yanayin zafin launi a cikin kewayon fari mai dumi zuwa fari tsaka-tsaki.

4. Binciken Lauyoyin Aiki

4.1 Wutar Lantarki ta Gaba vs. Halin yanzu na Gaba (Lauyan IV)

Halin wutar lantarki ta gaba da halin yanzu na gaba (Fig. 1-7) yana nuna haɓaka mai nisa: a 2.5V halin yanzu yana kusa da sifili, yana tashi zuwa kusan 5mA a 2.7V, 15mA a 2.9V, da 30mA a 3.1V. Wannan lauya yana da mahimmanci don ƙirar da'irori, tunda ƙananan bambance-bambancen wutar lantarki suna haifar da manyan canje-canje na yanzu. Ana ba da shawarar resistor mai jeri don daidaita halin yanzu.

4.2 Tsananin Haske mai Dangantaka vs. Halin yanzu na Gaba

Tsananin haske mai dangantaka yana ƙaruwa tare da halin yanzu na gaba ta hanyar da ba ta da layi (Fig. 1-8). A 3mA, tsananin yana da kusan 100%; a 1mA ya faɗi zuwa kusan 40%; a 5mA ya kai kusan 170%. Yin aiki a mafi girman halin yanzu yana ƙara haske amma kuma yana haifar da ƙarin zafi, don haka sarrafa zafi yana da mahimmanci.

4.3 Dogaro da Zazzabi

Figures 1-9 zuwa 1-11 suna nuna tasirin zafin siyarwa (Ts) akan aiki. Tsananin haske mai dangantaka yana raguwa kaɗan tare da ƙara zafin jiki: a 100°C, tsananin ya faɗi zuwa kusan 90% na ƙimar 25°C. Dole ne a rage matsakaicin halin yanzu na gaba yayin da zafi ya tashi. Wutar lantarki ta gaba kuma tana raguwa tare da zazzabi (kusan -2mV/°C), wanda ke shafar amfani da wutar lantarki. Canjin launi tare da zazzabi (Fig. 1-13) yana nuna ɗan motsi a cikin zane mai chromaticity; haɗin gwiwar x yana ƙaruwa kusan 0.005 kuma y yana raguwa kusan 0.005 daga 25°C zuwa 105°C.

4.4 Tsarin Haskakawa

Zane na haskakawa (Fig. 1-12) yana nuna yanayin fitarwa na kusan Lambertian tare da tsananin haske mai dangantaka yana faɗuwa zuwa 50% a kusan ±60°, yana tabbatar da kusurwar gani na 120°. Wannan rarraba mai faɗi yana da kyau don aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar haske iri ɗaya a yanki mai faɗi.

4.5 Tsarin Bakan

Bakan (Fig. 1-14) yana nuna kololuwar shuɗi a kusa da 450nm daga guntu InGaN da kuma babban kololuwar phosphor mai rawaya a kusa da 550nm, wanda ke haifar da fitar da haske fari. Rarraba bakan ya ƙunshi 400-700nm.

5. Bayanin Injiniya da Marufi

5.1 Girman Kunshin

Kunshin LED yana da tsawon 3.50mm, faɗi 2.80mm, da tsawo 1.84mm (kallo daga sama). Kallon ƙasa yana nuna babban matashin anode (2.50mm x 2.18mm) da matashin cathode (0.75mm x 2.00mm). Alamar polarity tana kan kunshin. Tsarin siyarwa mai ba da shawara (land pattern) yana da girma: 2.40mm x 1.25mm ga cathode, 4.45mm x 2.40mm gabaɗaya. Haƙurin haƙuri ±0.2mm ne sai dai idan an lura daban.

5.2 Marufi na Tef da Reel

LEDs an marufa su a cikin tef ɗin jigilar kaya tare da nisa na 8mm, 2000pcs kowane reel. Girman reel: diamita 178±1mm, faɗi 60±1mm, diamita na cibiya 13.0±0.5mm. Tef ɗin yana da alamar polarity da tef ɗin rufe sama. Lakabi ya haɗa da lambar sashi, lambar spec, lambar lot, lambar bin, haske (ko tsanani), bin chromaticity, wutar lantarki ta gaba, lambar tsawon raƙuman haske, adadi, da lambar kwanan wata.

5.3 Marufi na Danshi

Reels an saka su a cikin jakunkuna na danshi tare da mai nuna danshi da desiccant. Bayan buɗewa, ya kamata a yi amfani da LEDs cikin sa'o'i 24 idan an adana su a ≤30°C/≤60%RH. Idan ajiya ya wuce lokacin da aka ba da shawara, ana buƙatar toya a 60±5°C na >sa'o'i 24.

6. Jagoran Siyarwa

6.1 Tsarin Siyarwa na Reflow

Tsarin reflow da aka ba da shawara (Fig. 3-1, Table 3-1) yana ƙayyade: matsakaicin hawan hawan ≤3°C/s; preheating daga 150°C zuwa 200°C na 60-120s; lokaci sama da 217°C (TL) iyaka 60s; matsakaicin zafin jiki (TP) 260°C na iyaka 10s; yawan sanyaya ≤6°C/s. Jimlar lokaci daga 25°C zuwa matsayi mafi girma iyaka mintuna 8. Ana ba da izinin zagayowar reflow guda biyu kawai; idan fiye da sa'o'i 24 tsakanin zagayowar, ana buƙatar toya kafin reflow na biyu.

6.2 Siyarwa da Gyara ta Hannu

Zafin ƙarfe na hannu 300°C, lokaci<3s, sau ɗaya kawai. Ba a ba da shawarar gyara bayan reflow ba, amma idan ya cancanta, yi amfani da ƙarfe mai kai biyu. Ka guje wa danniya na inji a kan silicone encapsulant yayin dumama.<3s, sau ɗaya kawai. Gyara bayan reflow ba a ba da shawara ba, amma idan ya cancanta, yi amfani da ƙarfe mai kai biyu. Ka guje wa danniya na inji a kan silicone encapsulant yayin dumama.

6.3 La'akari na Musamman

Encapsulant na LED shine silicone, mai laushi. Ka guje wa matsi mai yawa a saman saman yayin ɗauka da sanyawa. Kada ka saka a kan allunan da suka lalace (warped PCBs) ko kuma ka lanƙwasa allon bayan siyarwa. Kada ka yi amfani da ƙarfi ko girgiza yayin sanyaya. Ba a yarda da sanyaya da sauri bayan reflow ba.

7. Bayanan Oda da Ajiya

7.1 Adadin Marufi

Matsakaicin adadin marufi shine 2000 kowane reel. Don ƙarin girma, reels ana tattara su a cikin akwatunan kwali. Lakabi yana bin tsarin da aka nuna a cikin takardar bayanai.

7.2 Yanayin Ajiya

Jakunkunan danshi da ba a buɗe ba: zafin jiki ≤30°C, zafi ≤75%, rayuwar shiryayye shekara 1 daga ranar kera. Bayan buɗewa: ana ba da shawarar amfani da shi cikin sa'o'i 24 a ≤30°C/≤60%RH. Idan ba a yi amfani da shi cikin sa'o'i 24 ba, toya a 60±5°C na >sa'o'i 24 kafin amfani. Desiccant ya kamata ya kasance shuɗi; idan ya ɓace, ana buƙatar toya.

8. Shawarar Aikace-aikace

8.1 Aikace-aikace na Yau da Kullun

Wannan LED fari ya fi dacewa da hasken cikin mota kamar fitilun dome, fitilun taswira, hasken yanayi, da hasken baya na dashboard. Hakanan ya dace da maɓalli da alamomi a cikin mota da na'urorin lantarki na mabukaci. Faɗin kusurwar gani da ƙaramin girma sun sa ya dace da ƙira masu iyakokin sarari.

8.2 La'akari da Ƙira

Sarrafa zafi yana da mahimmanci: yakamata a yi amfani da matashin PCB da matashin zafi mai dacewa don kiyaye zafin haɗin gwiwa ≤120°C. Yi amfani da resistors masu iyakance halin yanzu; kar a wuce 30mA ci gaba na yanzu. Don aikace-aikacen bugun jini, iyakance mafi girman halin yanzu zuwa 100mA tare da 10% na aiki. Ana buƙatar matakan kariya na ESD tunda na'urar na iya lalacewa ta hanyar fitarwa>2000V (HBM). Ka guje wa fallasa LED ga muhallin da ke da sulfur>100ppm ko halogens (Br 900ppm, Cl 900ppm, jimlar 1500ppm) don hana lalata ko canza launi. Ana ba da shawarar tsaftacewa da isopropyl alcohol; tsaftacewa ta ultrasonic na iya lalata LED.<900ppm, Cl<900ppm, jimlar<1500ppm don hana lalata ko canza launi. Ana ba da shawarar tsaftacewa da isopropyl alcohol; tsaftacewa ta ultrasonic na iya lalata LED.

9. Kwatanta Fasaha

Idan aka kwatanta da makamantan PLCC2 fararen LEDs, wannan na'urar tana ba da cancantar AEC-Q101, yana tabbatar da amincin aikace-aikacen mota. Faɗin kusurwar gani (120°) yana ba da rarraba haske mafi kyau fiye da LEDs masu kunkuntar kusurwa. Zaɓuɓɓukan binning don wutar lantarki, tsanani, da launi suna ba da damar daidaita jurewa. Matsakaicin zafin aiki na 100°C (yanayi) da zafin haɗin gwiwa na 120°C yana da gasa. Koyaya, ƙarancin tsananin haske (max 53mcd a 3mA) na iya buƙatar na'urori da yawa don buƙatun haske mafi girma. Tsawo na kunshin 1.84mm ya ɗan fi wasu LEDs masu sirara, amma har yanzu ya dace da yawancin ƙira.

10. Tambayoyi da Yawaita

Q: Zan iya fitar da wannan LED kai tsaye daga samar da 3.3V?
A: Ba kai tsaye ba; dole ne ka yi amfani da resistor mai jeri. A 3.3V, wutar lantarki ta gaba na iya zama ƙasa da 2.5V, yana haifar da halin yanzu mai yawa. Lissafin ƙimar resistor: R = (Vsupply - VF) / I. Don 30mA, zaton VF=2.7V, R = (3.3-2.7)/0.03 = 20Ω. Yi amfani da mafi kusancin ƙima kuma bincika wutar lantarki.

Q: Menene yanayin zafin launi na yau da kullun?
A: Bisa ga bins na chromaticity, yanayin zafin launi ya bambanta daga kusan 3000K zuwa 5000K ya danganta da bin. Misali, M02 da M03 bins sun yi daidai da fari mai dumi, yayin da P02 da P03 suna da ɗan sanyi. Ana iya lissafin ainihin CCT daga daidaitawar xy ta amfani da tsarin kimanin.

Q: Yaya zan sarrafa LEDs da yawa a jeri ko a layi daya?
A: Lokacin da ake haɗawa a jeri, wutar lantarki ta gaba tana ƙaruwa; tabbatar da cewa jimlar wutar da ake samu ta isa. Don rassan layi daya, kowane LED yakamata ya sami nasa resistor na jeri don daidaita halin yanzu. Dole ne a yi la'akari da rarraba zafi.

Q: Shin wannan LED ya dace da amfani a waje?
A: Yanayin aiki na zafin jiki shine -40 zuwa +100°C, wanda ya rufe yawancin yanayin cikin gida da na mota. Koyaya, kunshin bai tsaya da hasken rana ba (UV-stabilized) kuma yana iya fuskantar lalacewa idan an fallasa shi ga hasken rana kai tsaye. Don aikace-aikacen waje, ana iya buƙatar ƙarin kariya (misali, suturar da ta dace).

11. Misalan Amfani na Aiki

Misali na 1: Fitilar Dome ta Mota
Fitilar dome na buƙatar haske iri ɗaya. Yin amfani da waɗannan fararen LEDs 6 a jere a cikin da'irar zagaye, kowanne yana aiki a 20mA, yana ba da isasshen haske don hasken ciki. Faɗin kusurwar gani yana tabbatar da babu matattun wurare. Ana iya ƙara ruwan tabarau don ƙara tarwatsa haske. An siyar da LEDs a kan allon aluminum don zubar da zafi.

Misali na 2: Hasken Baya na Maɓalli
Don maɓalli, ana sanya LED ɗaya a bayan maɓallin. Yin aiki a 3mA, yana ba da kusan 30mcd, isa ga ƙaramin alama. An saka LED a saman PCB, kuma bututun haske yana jagorantar haske zuwa maɓallin. Ƙananan halin yanzu yana rage haɓakar zafi.

12. Ka'idar Aiki

LED fari yana aiki bisa ka'idar canza phosphor. Guntu InGaN/GaN mai shuɗi yana fitar da haske shuɗi a kusa da 450nm. Wannan haske shuɗi yana tada phosphor mai rawaya (yawanci YAG:Ce), wanda ke canza wani ɓangare na haske shuɗi zuwa haske rawaya mai faɗi. Haɗin sauran haske shuɗi da rawaya ya bayyana fari ga idon mutum. Madaidaicin yanayin zafin launi an ƙaddara shi ta hanyar abun da ke ciki da tattalin phosphor. Ana fitar da LED ta hanyar halin yanzu na gaba, wanda ke shigar da electrons da ramuka a cikin yankin aiki, suna sake haɗuwa don samar da photons.

13. Hanyoyin Ci Gaba

Hanyar da ke cikin fararen LEDs na mota da haskakawa na gaba ɗaya ita ce zuwa mafi girman inganci (lm/W) da mafi kyawun canza launi. A cikin tsararraki masu zuwa na wannan kunshin PLCC2, ana iya amfani da phosphor masu inganci tare da kunkuntar igiyoyin fitarwa don cimma mafi girman inganci da ingantaccen ingancin launi. Bugu da ƙari, ana sa ran haɗin kai tare da tuƙi mai kaifin basira da tsarin canza launi. Cancantar AEC-Q101 tana nuna turawa zuwa mafi girman aminci ga muhallai masu wahala. Rage girma yana ci gaba, tare da kunshin masu sirara da ƙananan sawun bayanai suna bayyana. Koyaya, sarrafa zafi ya kasance babban ƙalubale yayin da ƙarfin wutar lantarki ke ƙaruwa.