PD438C 4.8mm Semi-Lens Silicon PIN Photodiode Datasheet - 4.8mm Diameter - 32V Reverse Voltage - 150mW Power Dissipation - Takardar Fasaha ta Hausa

1. Bayanin Samfur

PD438C shine mai sauri, mai hankali silicon PIN photodiode da aka sanya a cikin fakitin filastik na gefe na cylindrical. Babban aikinsa shine canza hasken da ya faru, musamman a cikin bakan infrared, zuwa wutar lantarki. Babban fasalin wannan kayan shine cewa kunshin epoxy da kansa yana aiki azaman tace infrared (IR) da aka haɗa, wanda ya dace da fitilun IR na gama gari. Wannan zane yana sauƙaƙe haɗin tsarin ta hanyar rage buƙatar tacewa na waje. Na'urar tana da halayen lokutan amsa masu sauri, babban hankalin hoto, da ƙaramin ƙarfin haɗin gwiwa, wanda ya sa ya dace da aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar gano haske cikin sauri da daidai.

2. Bincike Mai zurfi na Sigogi na Fasaha

2.1 Matsakaicin Matsakaicin Matsakaici

An ƙera na'urar don yin aiki cikin aminci a cikin waɗannan iyakoki na cikakke, wanda bayan su lalacewa na dindindin na iya faruwa. Matsakaicin ƙarfin lantarki na baya (V_R) shine 32V. Ragewar wutar lantarki (P_d) bai kamata ya wuce 150 mW ba. Kewayon zafin aiki (T_opr) daga -40°C zuwa +85°C ne, yayin da zafin ajiya (T_stg) ya faɗaɗa daga -40°C zuwa +100°C. Don haɗawa, zafin solder (T_sol) ya kamata a kiyaye shi a 260°C na tsawon lokacin da bai wuce dakika 5 ba don hana lalacewar zafi ga kunshin da kuma die na semiconductor.

2.2 Halayen Lantarki da Hasken

A ƙarƙashin daidaitattun yanayin gwaji (Ta=25°C), PD438C yana nuna waɗannan mahimman sigogi na aiki. Bandwidth ɗin amsa na bakan (λ_0.5) ya bambanta daga 400 nm zuwa 1100 nm, tare da tsayin tsayin hankali (λ_p) yawanci a 940 nm, yana daidaita shi daidai da tushen hasken infrared na gama gari. Lokacin da aka haskaka shi da hasken haske na 5 mW/cm² a 940 nm, matsakaicin ƙarfin lantarki na buɗe kewayon (V_OC) shine 0.35V. Matsakaicin ƙarfin lantarki na gajeren kewayon (I_SC) yawanci 18 µA ne a ƙarƙashin 1 mW/cm² a 940 nm. A ƙarƙashin karkatar da baya na 5V da irin wannan hasken, ƙarfin lantarki na baya na haske (I_L) yawanci 18 µA ne (m. 10.2 µA). Matsakaicin ƙarfin lantarki na duhu (I_d), wanda shine ƙarfin lantarki na yaduwa ba tare da haske ba, yawanci 5 nA ne (matsakaicin 30 nA) a ƙarfin lantarki na baya na 10V. Matsakaicin ƙarfin ƙarfin tashar (C_t) yawanci 25 pF ne a 3V karkatar da baya da 1 MHz. Lokutan tashi da faɗuwa (t_r/t_f) duka yawanci 50 ns ne lokacin aiki tare da karkatar da baya na 10V da resistor na kaya na 1 kΩ.

3. Bincike na Lanƙwasa Ayyuka

Takardar bayanan tana ba da lanƙwasa halaye da yawa waɗanda ke da mahimmanci ga injiniyoyin zane. TheHankalin Bakanlanƙwasa yana nuna ƙimar amsa na photodiode a duk faɗin kewayon tsawon raƙuman aiki, yana tabbatar da kololuwa a 940 nm. TheRagewar Wutar Lantarki vs. Yanayin Yanayijadi yana kwatanta raguwar matsakaicin wutar lantarki da aka yarda yayin da zafin aiki ya karu, wanda ke da mahimmanci ga sarrafa zafi. TheMatsakaicin ƙarfin lantarki na Duhu vs. Yanayin Yanayilanƙwasa yana nuna yadda ƙarfin lantarki na yaduwa ke karuwa tare da zafin jiki, wani muhimmin abu ne ga aikace-aikacen ƙarancin haske ko babban zafin jiki. TheMatsakaicin ƙarfin lantarki na Baya na Hasken vs. Irradiance (Ee)shirin yana nuna alaƙar layi tsakanin ƙarfin hasken da ya faru da photocurrent da aka samar, yana tabbatar da amsa na na'urar. TheƘarfin Ƙarfin Tasha vs. Ƙarfin Lantarki na Bayalanƙwasa yana nuna yadda ƙarfin haɗin gwiwa ke raguwa tare da ƙara karkatar da baya, wanda ke shafar saurin na'urar kai tsaye. A ƙarshe, theLokacin Amsa vs. Resistance na Kayajadi yana nuna yadda lokacin tashi/faɗuwa ya shafi kaya na waje, yana jagorantar zaɓin resistor na kaya mai dacewa don da'irori masu mahimmanci na sauri.

4. Bayanan Injiniya da Kunshin

4.1 Girman Kunshin

PD438C an kunna shi a cikin tsarin gefe na cylindrical tare da diamita na 4.8mm. Cikakken zanen injiniya ya ƙayyade duk mahimman girma ciki har da tazarar jagora, tsayin kunshin, da lissafin ruwan tabarau. Zanen ya lura cewa ƙimar girma yawanci ±0.25mm ne sai dai idan an ƙayyade in ba haka ba. Tsarin kallon gefe yana da amfani musamman ga aikace-aikacen da hanyar haske ta yi daidai da saman da aka ɗora, kamar a cikin na'urori masu auna rami ko tsarin gano gefe.

4.2 Gano Polarity

Na'urar kayan aiki ce mai tashoshi biyu. Ana gano cathode ta hanyar jagora mai tsayi, tsaga, ko wuri mai lebur a jikin kunshin. Haɗin polarity daidai yana da mahimmanci lokacin amfani da karkatar da baya don mafi kyawun aiki a yanayin photoconductive.

5. Jagororin Solder da Haɗawa

An ƙididdige kayan aikin don solder a matsakaicin zafin jiki na 260°C. Yana da mahimmanci cewa lokacin da ya wuce zafin ruwa (yawanci kusan 217°C don solder mara gubar) an iyakance shi zuwa matsakaicin dakika 5 don hana matsanancin damuwa na zafi akan kunshin epoxy da haɗin waya na ciki. Matsakaicin bayyanar reflow ko igiyar solder don haɗuwar marasa gubar gabaɗaya suna aiki. Ya kamata a kula don guje wa damuwa na injiniya akan jagororin yayin sarrafawa da sanyawa.

6. Bayanan Kunshin da Oda

Daidaitaccen ƙayyadaddun kunshin shine 500 guda a kowace jaka. An haɗa jakuna shida zuwa akwati ɗaya na ciki, kuma akwatuna goma na ciki sun zama babban akwatin jigilar kaya, wanda ya haifar da jimillar guda 30,000 a kowace babban akwatin. Alamar samfurin ta haɗa da filaye don lambar ɓangaren abokin ciniki (CPN), lambar ɓangaren masana'anta (P/N), adadin kunshin (QTY), da bayanan gano kuri'a (LOT No.).

7. Shawarwarin Aikace-aikace

7.1 Yanayin Aikace-aikace na Al'ada

PD438C ya dace da aikace-aikacen haske iri-iri. Babban saurinsa ya sa ya dace donganon hoto mai sauria cikin hanyoyin haɗin kai na bayanai ko hankulan bugun jini. Ana amfani da shi akai-akai a cikinkayan lantarki na masu amfaniirinsu kyamarori da kyamarori (VCRs, kyamarori) don tsarin mai da hankali kai, auna haske, ko gano ƙarshen tef. Yana aiki azaman na'urar aunawa mai dogaro a cikinmaɓallan haskeda masu katsewa don auna matsayi, gano abu, da tsarin ƙirar juyawa. Tace IR da aka haɗa ya sa ya yi tasiri musamman a cikin tsarin da aka haɗa tare da fitilun IR na 940 nm, yana tace hasken da ba a so.

7.2 Abubuwan da ake la'akari da Zane

Lokacin zana da'ira tare da PD438C, dole ne a yi la'akari da abubuwa da yawa. Doninganta sauri, yi amfani da photodiode tare da isasshen karkatar da baya (misali, 5V-10V) don rage ƙarfin haɗin gwiwa kuma a yi amfani da resistor na kaya mai ƙima, kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin lokacin amsa vs. lanƙwasa juriya na kaya, ko da yake wannan yana ciniki tare da jujjuyawar ƙarfin lantarki na fitarwa. Tsarin amplifier na transimpedance (TIA) ana fifita shi sau da yawa don canza ƙaramin photocurrent zuwa ƙarfin lantarki mai amfani yayin kiyaye bandwidth. Donaikace-aikacen masu hankali da hayaniya, ƙayyadaddun ƙarfin lantarki na duhu da dogaro da zafinsa suna da mahimmanci; sanyaya na'urar ko amfani da dabarun gano aiki tare na iya zama dole. Layin photocurrent tare da hasken haske yana sauƙaƙa ƙirar auna ƙarfin haske. Tabbatar cikin buɗe ido na gani da daidaitawa daidai ne don daidaitawar kunshin kallon gefe.

8. Kwatancen Fasaha da Bambance-bambance

Idan aka kwatanta da daidaitattun photodiodes ba tare da ruwan tabarau ko tacewa ba, PD438C yana ba da fa'ida ta musamman sabodahaɗaɗɗen rabin-ruwan tabarau da tacewa na epoxy na IR. Wannan yana kawar da buƙatar tacewa na gani daban, yana rage adadin kayan aiki, rikitarwar haɗawa, da farashi. Kunshin kallon gefe wani takamaiman tsari ne wanda ke magance ƙalubalen haɗin kai a cikin ƙirar da aka takura inda ba za a iya amfani da na'urori masu auna saman ba. Haɗinsa na sauri mai yawa (50 ns) da kyakkyawan hankali (18 µA a 1 mW/cm²) yana ba da bayanin aiki mai daidaito ga aikace-aikace masu matsakaicin matsakaici, yana sanya shi tsakanin na'urori masu sauri sosai, ƙananan hankali da photodiodes masu jinkiri, babban hankali.

9. Tambayoyin da ake yawan yi (Dangane da Sigogi na Fasaha)

Q: Menene manufar "rabin-ruwan tabarau"?

A: Rabin-ruwan tabarau yana taimakawa wajen mayar da hankali ga hasken da ke shigowa a kan yankin aiki na guntu na silicon, yana ƙara yankin tarawa mai tasiri don haka ƙimar amsa (hankali) na na'urar idan aka kwatanta da taga mai lebur.

Q: Me yasa kololuwar hankali yake a 940 nm?

A: Abubuwan shigar da silicon na asali suna kololuwa a yankin kusa da infrared. 940 nm shine tsayin raƙuman ruwa na gama gari don fitilun infrared (LEDs), kamar yadda ba a iya gani ga idon ɗan adam kuma ana samun sa cikin sauƙi. An kunna epoxy don dacewa da wannan.

Q: Shin zan yi amfani da wannan photodiode a yanayin photovoltaic (sifili bias) ko yanayin photoconductive (karkatar da baya)?

A: Don mafi girman sauri da layi, ana ba da shawarar yanayin photoconductive (amfani da karkatar da baya, misali, 5V). Yana rage ƙarfin haɗin gwiwa kuma yana faɗaɗa yankin raguwa. Yanayin photovoltaic (sifili bias) yana ba da ƙaramin hayaniya (babu ƙarfin lantarki na duhu) amma yana da sauri.

Q: Ta yaya zafin jiki ke shafar aiki?

A: Kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin lanƙwasa, ƙarfin lantarki na duhu yana ƙaruwa sosai tare da zafin jiki, wanda zai iya zama tushen hayaniya. Photocurrent da kansa yana da ɗan ƙaramin ƙimar zafin jiki. Don aiki mai ƙarfi, daidaita zafin jiki ko yanayi mai sarrafawa na iya zama dole a cikin aikace-aikacen daidaito.

10. Misalan Zane da Amfani na Aiki

Misali 1: Na'urar Gano Kusanci ta Infrared:Wani LED na IR yana bugun jini a 940 nm. Hasken da aka nuna ana gano shi ta PD438C. Kunshin kallon gefe yana ba da damar duka mai fitarwa da mai gano su kasance a kan PCB ɗaya, suna fuskantar hanya ɗaya. Tace IR da aka haɗa a cikin PD438C yana taimakawa wajen ƙin hasken gani na yanayi, yana inganta ma'aunin sigina zuwa hayaniya na siginar IR da aka nuna. Microcontroller yana auna ƙarfin lantarki na photodiode ta hanyar TIA don tantance kasancewar abu ko nisa.

Misali 2: Maɓallin Hasken Ramin:PD438C an ɗora shi a gefe ɗaya na ƙwanƙwasa mai siffar U, yana fuskantar LED na IR a ɗayan gefen. Wani abu da ke wucewa ta cikin ramin yana katse katako. Lokacin amsa mai sauri (50 ns) yana ba da damar gano abubuwan da suka faru masu sauri sosai ko ɓoye motsi mai sauri.

11. Gabatarwar Ka'idar Aiki

PIN photodiode na'urar semiconductor ce mai faɗi, mai ɗan ƙaramin ƙima na asali (I) yanki da ke tsakanin yanki na P-type da N-type. Lokacin da photons masu ƙarfi fiye da bandgap na semiconductor (don silicon, tsayin raƙuman ruwa gajarta fiye da ~1100 nm) suka bugi na'urar, suna haifar da nau'ikan electron-ramuwa a cikin yankin na asali. Ƙarƙashin tasirin filin lantarki da aka gina (a yanayin photovoltaic) ko karkatar da baya da aka yi amfani da shi (a yanayin photoconductive), waɗannan masu ɗaukar caji suna watsewa, suna haifar da photocurrent mai aunawa wanda ya yi daidai da ƙarfin hasken da ya faru. Faɗin yanki na asali yana ba da damar ƙarar raguwa mafi girma, wanda ke inganta ingancin quantum (hankali) kuma yana rage ƙarfin haɗin gwiwa, yana ba da damar aiki mafi girma idan aka kwatanta da daidaitaccen PN photodiode.

12. Trends da Ci gaban Masana'antu

Kasuwar photodiodes kamar PD438C ci gaba da kasancewa ƙarƙashin jagorancin trends a cikin sarrafa kai, kayan lantarki na masu amfani, da sadarwa. Akwai turawa akai-akai donsauri mafi girmadon tallafawa mafi saurin watsa bayanai a cikin hanyoyin haɗin gani.Ingantaccen Hankali(ƙananan hayaniya, mafi girman amsa) yana ba da damar aiki tare da masu fitarwa masu ƙarancin wutar lantarki ko tsawon nisa.Ƙananan Girmawani muhimmin al'ada ne, wanda ke haifar da photodiodes a cikin ƙananan kunshin ɗora saman. Bugu da ƙari, haɗin kai yana ci gaba, tare da ƙarin na'urori waɗanda ke haɗa photodiode, amplifier, kuma wani lokacin ma da dabaru na dijital zuwa kunshin guda ɗaya (misali, jerin photodiode, na'urori masu auna gani da aka haɗa). PD438C, tare da tace gani da aka haɗa, yana wakiltar mataki a cikin wannan yanayin haɗin kai, yana sauƙaƙe lissafin kayan don masu zanen tsarin.