ELT-512SURWA/S530-A3 0.56

1. Bayyani Game da Samfur

ELT-512SURWA/S530-A3 wani na'ura ne mai nuni da lambobi da haruffa, mai sassan bakwai, wanda ake saka ta cikin rami. Yana da girman masana'antu na yau da kullun tare da tsayin lambobi na 14.22mm, daidai da 0.56 inches. An gina na'urar da ƙananan guntu na semiconductor na AlGaInP (Aluminum Gallium Indium Phosphide) masu haske ja, waɗanda aka lulluɓe a cikin resin farar fata don haɓaka fitar da haske da kusurwar kallo. Fuskar waje ta na'urar tana da launin toka, yana ba da kamanni mai tsaka-tsaki da ƙwararru wanda ya dace da ƙirar allo daban-daban.

Ana rarraba wannan na'urar nuni a matsayin kayan aiki mai ƙarancin amfani da wutar lantarki, wanda ya sa ya dace sosai ga aikace-aikacen da ake la'akari da ingantaccen amfani da makamashi. Ya cika ka'idojin Pb-free (maras gubar) da RoHS (Ƙuntata Abubuwa Masu Hadari), yana tabbatar da dacewarsa don amfani a cikin samfuran da ake tallata a duniya tare da ƙaƙƙarfan dokokin muhalli.

Babban manufar ƙirar wannan na'urar nuni ita ce samar da ingantacciyar aminci da karantawa ko da a cikin yanayin haske mai haske na muhalli. Girman sa na yau da kullun da kuma kunshewar saka ta cikin rami sun sa ya zama zaɓi mai fa'ida ga duka ƙirar samfuri da samarwa mai yawa, ana haɗa shi cikin sauƙi a cikin allunan da'ira (PCBs) ta amfani da dabarun gyaɗa na al'ada.

1.1 Fa'idodi na Asali da Kasuwar da Ake Nufi

Fa'idodin asali na ELT-512SURWA/S530-A3 sun samo asali ne daga zaɓin kayan aiki da ƙira. Amfani da fasahar AlGaInP don ƙananan guntu na LED yana ba da fitarwa mai haske ja mai inganci tare da ingantaccen launi. Resin farar fata tana taimakawa wajen watsa haske daidai a kowane sashi, yana rage wuraren zafi kuma yana tabbatar da haske iri ɗaya, wanda yake da mahimmanci ga karantawar mai amfani.

Kasuwannin da ake nufi na na'urar suna da faɗi, sun haɗa da kowane aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar bayanin lambobi ko ƙayyadaddun lambobi da haruffa masu bayyanawa, masu dogaro. Ƙarfinsa da mu'amala na yau da kullun sun sa ya zama kayan aiki na farko ga injiniyoyin da ke ƙirar tsarin da ke buƙatar gabatar da bayanai cikin sauƙi da inganci ga mai amfani na ƙarshe.

2. Zurfin Bincike Kan Sigogi na Fasaha

Fahimtar cikakken ƙayyadaddun bayanai na na'urar yana da mahimmanci don ƙirar da'ira daidai da kuma tabbatar da aminci na dogon lokaci. An ayyana sigogin a ƙarƙashin yanayin gwaji na yau da kullun a yanayin zafin muhalli (Ta) na 25°C.

2.1 Matsakaicin Matsakaicin Ƙimar

Waɗannan ƙimar suna ayyana iyakokin damuwa waɗanda sama da su lalacewar dindindin na iya faruwa ga na'urar. Ba a ba da garantin aiki a ƙarƙashin ko a waɗannan iyakokin ba kuma ya kamata a guje su a cikin amfani na yau da kullun.

• Juyin Ƙarfin Wutar Lantarki (V_R): 5V. Wuce wannan ƙarfin wutar lantarki a cikin jujjuyawar baya zai iya haifar da rushewar haɗin kai nan da nan.
• Ci gaba da Gaba Wutar Lantarki (I_F): 25mA. Wannan shine matsakaicin wutar lantarki DC wanda za'a iya amfani dashi akai-akai.
• Kololuwar Gaba Wutar Lantarki (I_FP): 60mA. Ana yarda da wannan kawai a ƙarƙashin yanayin bugun jini tare da cikakken aiki na 10% ko ƙasa da haka da kuma mitar 1kHz.
• Rushewar Wutar Lantarki (P_d): 60mW. Matsakaicin wutar lantarki da na'urar za ta iya watsawa azaman zafi.
• Aiki & Ma'adana Zazzabi: -40°C zuwa +85°C (aiki), -40°C zuwa +100°C (ma'adana).
• Zazzabin Gyaɗa (T_sol): 260°C na tsawon lokacin da bai wuce dakika 5 ba, wanda ya dace da tsarin gyaɗa na igiyar ruwa ko sake kwarara na yau da kullun.

2.2 Halayen Lantarki da Hasken Gani

Waɗannan halaye suna bayyana aikin na'urar a ƙarƙashin yanayin aiki na yau da kullun. Ana ba da ƙimar na yau da kullun don jagorar ƙira, amma masu ƙira ya kamata su yi la'akari da iyakoki mafi ƙanƙanta da matsakaici.

• Ƙarfin Hasken Gani (I_v): 7.8mcd (Min), 17.6mcd (Typ) a I_F=10mA. Wannan shine matsakaicin fitar da haske kowane sashi. Tolerancin ±10% ya shafi wannan siga.
• Kololuwar Tsawon Zango (λ_p): 632nm (Typ) a I_F=20mA. Wannan shine tsayin zango wanda fitarwar bakan tafiye-tafiyen ta fi ƙarfi.
• Mafi Rinjaye Tsawon Zango (λ_d): 624nm (Typ) a I_F=20mA. Wannan shine tsayin zango da idon ɗan adam ke gani, yana ayyana launin a matsayin \"ja mai haske.\"
• Faɗin Bakan Tafiye-tafiyen (Δλ): 20nm (Typ) a I_F=20mA, yana nuna kewayon tsayin zango da aka fitar.
• Gaba Ƙarfin Wutar Lantarki (V_F): 2.0V (Typ), 2.4V (Max) a I_F=20mA. Dole ne masu ƙira su tabbatar da cewa da'irar tuƙi na iya samar da isasshen ƙarfin wutar lantarki. Tolerancin ±0.1V ya shafi.
• Juyin Wutar Lantarki (I_R): 100µA (Max) a V_R=5V.

3. Bayanin Tsarin Rarraba (Binning)

Takardar bayanan tana nuna cewa ƙarfin hasken gani \"an rarraba shi.\" Wannan yana nufin tsarin rarraba inda ake rarraba na'urorin nunin da aka kera bisa ga fitar da hasken da aka auna. Na'urori a cikin takamaiman rukunin rarrabawa (ko \"CAT\" kamar yadda aka lura akan alamar) za su sami ƙarfin hasken gani da ke faɗowa cikin ƙayyadadden kewayon kusa da ƙimar na yau da kullun (misali, 17.6mcd ±10%). Wannan yana ba masu ƙira damar zaɓar na'urorin nuni masu daidaitaccen haske don aikace-aikacensu, yana tabbatar da kamanni iri ɗaya a cikin raka'a da yawa a cikin samfur. Hakanan ana sarrafa ƙarfin wutar lantarki na gaba zuwa ƙaramin haƙuri (±0.1V), wanda ke sauƙaƙe lissafin resistor mai iyakance wutar lantarki kuma yana tabbatar da daidaitaccen amfani da wutar lantarki da yanayin zafi a cikin guntu na na'urori.

4. Bincike Kan Lankwasa Aiki

Takardar bayanan tana ba da lankwasai na yau da kullun waɗanda ke kwatanta alaƙar tsakanin mahimman sigogi. Waɗannan suna da mahimmanci don fahimtar halayen a ƙarƙashin yanayin da ba na yau da kullun ba.

4.1 Rarraba Bakan Tafiye-tafiyen

Lankwasa rarraba bakan tafiye-tafiyen yana nuna ƙarfin dangi na hasken da aka fitar a tsawon zango daban-daban. Ga ELT-512SURWA/S530-A3, wannan lankwasa zai kasance a tsakiya kusa da 632nm (kololuwa) tare da faɗin bakan na yau da kullun na 20nm, yana tabbatar da ƙunƙuntaccen, fitarwar ja mai tsabta na fasahar AlGaInP. Wannan yana haifar da babban jikewa na launi.

4.2 Gaba Wutar Lantarki vs. Gaba Ƙarfin Wutar Lantarki (Lankwasa I-V)

Wannan lankwasa yana kwatanta alaƙar da ba ta layi ba tsakanin wutar lantarki da ke gudana ta cikin LED da faɗuwar ƙarfin wutar lantarki a fadinta. Da farko, ƙaramin wutar lantarki yana gudana har sai ƙarfin wutar lantarki na gaba ya kai wani bakin kofa (kusan 1.8-2.0V ga wannan na'urar). Bayan wannan batu, wutar lantarki tana ƙaruwa da sauri tare da ƙaramin ƙaruwa a cikin ƙarfin wutar lantarki. Shi ya sa koyaushe ana tuka LED tare da tsarin iyakance wutar lantarki (resistor ko direba mai wutar lantarki akai-akai) kuma ba kai tsaye tare da tushen ƙarfin wutar lantarki ba.

4.3 Lankwasa Rage Girman Gaba Wutar Lantarki

Wannan lankwasa mai mahimmanci ne ga aminci. Yana nuna yadda dole ne a rage matsakaicin wutar lantarki na gaba da ake iya ci gaba da amfani da shi (I_F) yayin da yanayin zafin aiki na muhalli ya ƙaru. Yayin da zafin jiki ya tashi, ingancin ciki na LED yana raguwa kuma ikonsa na watsa zafi yana raguwa. Don hana yin zafi da haɓakar lalacewa, dole ne a rage wutar lantarkin tuƙi daidai. Misali, yayin da aka yarda da 25mA a 25°C, ƙaramin wutar lantarki zai zama matsakaicin ƙimar aminci a yanayin zafin muhalli na 85°C.

5. Bayanan Injiniya da Kunshin

Na'urar tana amfani da tsarin DIP (Dual In-line Package) na yau da kullun wanda ake saka ta cikin rami. Zanen girman kunshin yana ba da duk mahimman ma'auni na injiniya don shimfidar PCB, gami da:

• Gabaɗayan tsayi, faɗi, da zurfi.
• Tazarar fil (pitch) da diamita.
• Girma da sanyawa na taga sashi.
• Girman fakitin PCB da aka ba da shawarar da tazara.

Haƙuri na waɗannan girma yawanci ±0.25mm sai dai idan an faɗi akasin haka. Zanen da'irar ciki yana nuna tsarin haɗin gwiwar cathode ko anode na sassan bakwai da ma'auni goma (idan akwai), wanda ke da mahimmanci don ƙirar da'irar tuƙi daidai. Fitowar fil tana gano wane fil ke sarrafa kowane sashi (A-G da DP).

6. Jagororin Gyaɗa da Haɗawa

Na'urar ta dace da hanyoyin gyaɗa na yau da kullun. Matsakaicin matsakaicin ƙimar zazzabin gyaɗa shine 260°C har zuwa dakika 5. Wannan ya yi daidai da yanayin gyaɗa na igiyar ruwa ko gyaɗa da hannu na yau da kullun. Yana da mahimmanci a guje wa matsanancin damuwa na zafi ta hanyar rashin wuce wannan lokaci/zazzabi. Ana ba da shawarar dumama allon don rage girgizar zafi. Bayan gyaɗa, ya kamata a tsaftace na'urar bisa ga hanyoyin tsaftace PCB na yau da kullun, yana tabbatar da cewa babu ragowar flux da za ta iya shafar aminci na dogon lokaci.

7. Bayanan Kunshin da Oda

Na'urar tana bin takamaiman tsarin kunshin don kare ta yayin jigilar kaya da sarrafawa.

• Kunshin Rukuni: Ana kunshin guda 13 a cikin bututu mai hana wutar lantarki.
• Kunshin Matsakaici: Ana kunshin bututu 63 a cikin akwati.
• Babban Akwatin Jigilar Kaya: Ana kunshin akwatuna 4 a cikin akwatin jigilar kaya, jimlar guda 3,276 kowane akwatin (13 x 63 x 4).

Alamar da ke kan kunshin ta ƙunshi mahimman bayanai don bin diddigin asali da ganewa:

• CPN: Lambar Sashen Abokin Ciniki (idan an sanya shi).
• P/N: Lambar Sashen Masana'anta (ELT-512SURWA/S530-A3).
• QTY: Yawan da ke cikin kunshin.
• CAT: Matsayin Ƙarfin Hasken Gani (Rukunin rarrabawa).
• LOT No: Lambar Lotin Masana'anta don bin diddigin asali.

8. Shawarwari na Aikace-aikace

8.1 Yanayin Aikace-aikace na Yau da Kullun

Kamar yadda aka jera a cikin takardar bayanan, manyan aikace-aikacen sun haɗa da:

• Kayan Aikin Gida: Nuni don na'urorin ƙidayar lokaci, saitunan zafin jiki, ko lambobin matsayi akan tanda, microwave, injunan wanki, da na'urorin sanyaya iska.
• Allunan Kayan Aiki: Karatun kayan aikin gwaji, sarrafa masana'antu, ma'auni na mota bayan kasuwa, da na'urorin likita.
• Na'urorin Nuni na Karatun Lambobi: Duk wata na'ura da ke buƙatar fitarwa ta lambobi, kamar agogo, ƙidaya, ma'auni, ko masu rikodin bayanai masu sauƙi.

8.2 Abubuwan da Ake La'akari da Ƙira

• Iyakance Wutar Lantarki: Koyaushe yi amfani da resistor na jeri ko direba mai wutar lantarki akai-akai. Yi lissafin ƙimar resistor ta amfani da R = (V_supply- V_F) / I_F. Yi amfani da matsakaicin V_Fdaga takardar bayanan don tabbatar da isasshen wutar lantarki a yanayin mafi munin yanayi.
• Haɗaɗɗen Aiki (Multiplexing): Don na'urorin nuni masu lambobi da yawa, ana amfani da dabarar haɗaɗɗen aiki don sarrafa sassa da yawa tare da ƙananan fil ɗin I/O. Tabbatar cewa kololuwar wutar lantarki a cikin wannan tsarin haɗaɗɗen bai wuce I_FP rating.
• Kusurwar Kallo: Resin farar fata yana ba da faɗin kusurwar kallo. Yi la'akari da matsayin mai amfani da ake nufi dangane da na'urar nuni yayin ƙirar injiniya.
• Kariya daga Wutar Lantarki Mai Tsanani (ESD): LED suna da hankali ga ESD. Aiwatar da hanyoyin sarrafawa (tashoshin aiki masu ƙasa, igiyoyin wuyan hannu) yayin haɗawa. A cikin samfurin ƙarshe, yi la'akari da ƙara murƙushe ƙarfin wutar lantarki na wucin gadi akan layukan shigarwa idan an fallasa su ga mai amfani ko muhallin waje.

9. Kwatancen Fasaha da Bambance-bambance

Idan aka kwatanta da tsofaffin fasahohi kamar GaAsP (Gallium Arsenide Phosphide) LED ja, AlGaInP da ake amfani da shi a cikin wannan na'urar nuni yana ba da ingantaccen inganci na haske sosai, yana haifar da fitarwa mai haske don wutar lantarki iri ɗaya. Hakanan launin \"ja mai haske\" ya fi jikewa da bambanta ta gani idan aka kwatanta da ja na yau da kullun. Kunshin saka ta cikin rami yana ba da ƙarfin injiniya mafi girma da kuma kaiwa zafi zuwa PCB idan aka kwatanta da na'urorin da ake saka a saman (SMDs) a cikin aikace-aikacen da ke da girgiza mai yawa ko aminci mai girma, ko da yake yana buƙatar gyaɗa da hannu ko igiyar ruwa kuma yana ɗaukar ƙarin sararin allo.

10. Tambayoyin da Ake Yawan Yi (Dangane da Sigogi na Fasaha)

Q: Shin zan iya tuka wannan na'urar nuni kai tsaye daga fil ɗin microcontroller na 5V?

A: A'a. Ƙarfin wutar lantarki na gaba na yau da kullun shine 2.0V. Haɗa shi kai tsaye zuwa 5V zai haifar da wuce gona da iri na wutar lantarki, yana lalata LED. Dole ne ka yi amfani da resistor mai iyakance wutar lantarki a jere. Misali, tare da wadata 5V, manufa I_Fna 10mA, da kuma amfani da matsakaicin V_F=2.4V don aminci: R = (5V - 2.4V) / 0.01A = 260Ω. Resistor na yau da kullun na 270Ω zai dace.

Q: Me \"haɗin gwiwar cathode\" ko \"haɗin gwiwar anode\" ke nufi ga wannan na'urar nuni?

A: Zanen da'irar ciki yana ƙayyadad da tsarin. A cikin na'urar nuni mai haɗin gwiwar cathode, duk cathodes (bangarori marasa kyau) na LED ɗin sashi an haɗa su tare zuwa fil ɗin gama gari. Kuna tuka sashi ta hanyar amfani da ƙarfin wutar lantarki mai kyau ga fil ɗin anode nasa. A cikin na'urar nuni mai haɗin gwiwar anode, anodes suna gama gari. Dole ne ku duba zanen ciki na takardar bayanan don ƙirar da'irar direba daidai (tushen vs. nutsewar wutar lantarki).

Q: Me ya sa akwai ƙimar kololuwar wutar lantarki na gaba (I_FP) ya fi ƙimar ci gaba (I_F)?

A> LED na iya ɗaukar gajerun bugun jini na mafi girman wutar lantarki ba tare da yin zafi ba, saboda akwai lokacin da haɗin kai ya yi sanyi tsakanin bugun jini. Wannan yana ba da damar haskaka nuni mai haɗaɗɗen aiki ko aikin bugun jini. Cikakken aiki na 1/10 da mitar 1kHz sune ƙayyadadden yanayin aminci na wannan kololuwar wutar lantarki.

11. Ƙira na Aiki da Lamarin Amfani

Lamari: Ƙirar Karatun Voltmeter na Lambobi Mai Sauƙi

Wani injiniya yana gina voltmeter na DC 0-30V. Mai canza analog-zuwa-lambobi (ADC) yana fitar da siginar BCD (Lambobi Mai Lamba Binar). Ana buƙatar canza wannan bayanan BCD zuwa tsarin sassan 7 ta amfani da IC mai fassara/tuki (kamar 7447 don na'urorin nuni masu haɗin gwiwar anode). Za a haɗa na'urar nuni ta ELT-512SURWA/S530-A3 zuwa fitattun wannan direban IC. Dole ne injiniyan:

1. Tabbatar da ikon fitar da wutar lantarki na direban IC ya dace da buƙatun I_Fna na'urar nuni (misali, 10-20mA kowane sashi).

2. Yi lissafi kuma sanya resistors masu iyakance wutar lantarki tsakanin fitattun direban IC da fil ɗin na'urar nuni idan direban ba shi da iyakance wutar lantarki na ciki.

3. Ƙirar shimfidar PCB bisa ga girman kunshin, yana tabbatar da daidaitaccen jeri na fil.

4. Yi la'akari da ƙara fasalin dusashe ta amfani da PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) akan fil ɗin toshewa ko sarrafa ƙarfi na direba, wanda zai daidaita cikakken aikin sassan don sarrafa haske ba tare da canza wutar lantarki ba.

12. Gabatarwar Ka'ida

Na'urar nuni mai sassan bakwai tarin abubuwa ne guda bakwai na LED rectangular (sassa), an jera su a cikin tsarin adadi takwas. Ta hanyar haskaka takamaiman haɗuɗɗun waɗannan sassan, ana iya samar da duk lambobi goma (0-9) da wasu haruffa (kamar A, C, E, F). Kowane sashi LED ne na mutum. A cikin ELT-512SURWA/S530-A3, waɗannan LED ɗin an yi su ne daga kayan semiconductor na AlGaInP. Lokacin da aka yi amfani da ƙarfin wutar lantarki na gaba wanda ya wuce bakin kofa na diode, electrons da ramuka suna sake haɗuwa a cikin yanki mai aiki na semiconductor, suna sakin makamashi a cikin nau'in photons (haske). Takamaiman bandgap na kayan AlGaInP yana ƙayyade tsayin zango (launi) na hasken da aka fitar, a wannan yanayin, ja mai haske. Ana watsa hasken sannan a siffata shi ta hanyar lulluɓe na epoxy farar fata don ƙirƙirar sassan da ake iya gani.

13. Trends na Ci Gaba

Yayin da na'urorin nuni masu saka ta cikin rami kamar ELT-512SURWA/S530-A3 suka kasance masu mahimmanci don gyara, masu sha'awar, da wasu kasuwannin masana'antu, gabaɗayan yanayin na'urorin lantarki yana ƙwarai zuwa fasahar saka a saman (SMT). Na'urorin nuni na SMT suna ba da ƙaramin girman, ƙaramin bayani, dacewa don haɗawa ta atomatik ta ɗauka da sanyawa, kuma sau da yawa suna ba da ingantaccen aikin zafi ta hanyar haɗin kai kai tsaye na PCB. Don aikace-aikacen da ke da haske mai girma, ana amfani da sabbin kayan aiki kamar InGaN (Indium Gallium Nitride) don launuka kamar shuɗi, kore, da fari. Duk da haka, don na'urorin nuni ja na yau da kullun, AlGaInP ya kasance mafita mai inganci kuma mai tsada. Ci gaba na gaba na iya haɗawa da na'urorin nuni tare da haɗaɗɗun direbobi da masu sarrafawa, rage adadin abubuwan haɗin waje, da kuma amfani da robobi ko sutura na ci gaba don faɗin kusurwar kallo da haɓaka bambanci a cikin hasken rana.