Takardar Bayanin Fasaha na Nunin LED na Bakwai (7.62mm) Fari - Tsayin Lamba 0.3" - Ƙarfin Wutar Gaba 2.4V - Kwararar Gaba 25mA

1. Bayyani Game da Samfurin

Wannan takarda ta bayyana cikakken bayani game da nunin lamba da haruffa mai tsayin lamba 7.62mm (0.3 inch). Na'urar an ƙera ta don saka ta cikin rami (THT) kuma tana da sassan haske masu haske fari a kan farin fuska mai launin toka. Wannan haɗin yana ba da bambanci mai girma da ingantaccen karantawa ko da a cikin yanayin haske mai haske, wanda ya sa ya dace da aikace-aikacen nuni da karantawa daban-daban. An rarraba samfurin don ƙarfin haske kuma ya bi ka'idojin muhalli na Pb-free da RoHS.

1.1 Fa'idodi na Asali da Kasuwar Da Ake Nufi

Babban fa'idodin wannan nunin sun haɗa da daidaitaccen tsarin sa na masana'antu, wanda ke tabbatar da dacewa da tsararrun PCB da soket ɗin da ke akwai, da kuma halayen sa na ƙarancin amfani da wutar lantarki. An gina na'urar don aminci da dogon rayuwa. Kasuwarmu na farko sun haɗa da kayan amfani na gida, na'urorin masana'antu da na motoci, da nunin lamba na gabaɗaya inda ake buƙatar gabatar da bayanan lamba ko haruffa masu iyaka a sarari.

2. Zurfin Bincike na Ma'auni na Fasaha

Aikin nunin an ayyana shi ta hanyar saitin iyakar ma'auni da daidaitattun halayen lantarki da haske da aka auna a yanayin zafin muhalli (Ta) na 25°C.

2.1 Iyakar Ma'auni Mafi Girma

Waɗannan ma'auni suna ayyana iyakokin da za su iya haifar da lalacewa ta dindindin ga na'urar. Ba za a wuce su a kowane yanayi na aiki ba.

• Ƙarfin Wuta Mai Koma Baya (V_R):5 V - Mafi girman ƙarfin wutar da za a iya amfani da shi a cikin hanyar koma baya a kan sashin LED.
• Kwararar Gaba (I_F):25 mA - Mafi girman ci gaba da DC na'urar da aka yarda ta hanyar sashin guda ɗaya.
• Kololuwar Kwararar Gaba (I_FP):60 mA - Mafi girman kwararar bugun jini, wanda aka yarda da shi kawai a ƙarƙashin zagayowar aiki na 1/10 a mitar 1 kHz.
• Rushewar Wutar Lantarki (P_d):60 mW - Mafi girman wutar lantarki da sashin guda ɗaya zai iya rushewa.
• Yanayin Zafi na Aiki (T_opr):-40°C zuwa +85°C - Kewayon yanayin zafin muhalli wanda aka ƙera na'urar don yin aiki a cikinsa.
• Yanayin Zafi na Ajiya (T_stg):-40°C zuwa +100°C - Kewayon zafin jiki don ajiyar da ba ta aiki ba.
• Yanayin Zafi na Solder (T_sol):260°C - Mafi girman zafin jiki don solder na igiyar ruwa ko na hannu, tare da lokacin bayyanawa bai wuce dakika 5 ba.

2.2 Halayen Lantarki da Hasken Wuta

Waɗannan su ne daidaitattun ma'auni na aiki a ƙarƙashin ƙayyadaddun yanayin gwaji.

• Ƙarfin Hasken Wuta (I_v):5.6 mcd (Mafi ƙanƙanta), 11.0 mcd (Na al'ada) a kowane sashe, an auna shi a I_F= 10 mA. Tolerancin shine ±10%.
• Tsawon Zango Mafi Girma (λ_p):632 nm (Na al'ada) a I_F= 20 mA. Wannan yana nuna tsawon zangon da ƙarfin hasken da aka fitar ya fi girma.
• Tsawon Zango Mai Rinjaye (λ_d):624 nm (Na al'ada) a I_F= 20 mA. Wannan shine tsawon zangon da idon ɗan adam ya gane, wanda ke ayyana launi (fari, a wannan yanayin, bisa ga kayan guntu).
• Bandwidth na Radiation Spectrum (Δλ):20 nm (Na al'ada) a I_F= 20 mA. Wannan yana ayyana faɗin hasken da aka fitar.
• Ƙarfin Wutar Gaba (V_F):2.0 V (Na al'ada), 2.4 V (Mafi girma) a I_F= 20 mA. Tolerancin shine ±0.1V. Wannan shine raguwar wutar lantarki a kan LED lokacin aiki.
• Kwararar Koma Baya (I_R):100 µA (Mafi girma) a V_R= 5 V.

3. Bayanin Tsarin Rarraba

Takardar bayanin ta nuna cewa na'urorin "An rarraba su don ƙarfin haske." Wannan yana nuna cewa ana amfani da tsarin rarraba.

3.1 Rarraba Ƙarfin Hasken Wuta

Duk da yake ba a lissafta takamaiman lambobin kwandon a cikin abin da aka fitar ba, matsakaicin ƙarfin haske shine 11.0 mcd tare da mafi ƙarancin 5.6 mcd a 10mA. Masana'anta yawanci suna rarraba LED ɗin cikin kwandon bisa ga ƙarfin hasken da aka auna don tabbatar da daidaito a cikin rukunin samarwa. Masu ƙira yakamata su tuntubi cikakken takardun rarraba na masana'anta don zaɓar matakin ƙarfin da ya dace don aikace-aikacensu, suna tabbatar da daidaiton haske a duk lambobi a cikin nunin mai lambobi da yawa.

4. Bincike na Lankwasa Aiki

Takardar bayanin tana nuni ne zuwa ga lankwasan halaye na al'ada waɗanda ke da mahimmanci don fahimtar halayen na'urar a ƙarƙashin yanayin da ba daidai ba.

4.1 Rarraba Spectrum

Lankwasa rarraba spectrum (a Ta=25°C) zai nuna a hoto ƙarfin haske mai dangi a tsawon zango daban-daban, wanda ya ta'allaka ne a kusa da matsakaicin tsayin zango na 632 nm. Wannan lankwasa yana taimakawa wajen fahimtar tsaftar launi da yuwuwar aikace-aikace a cikin yanayin tace haske.

4.2 Kwararar Gaba vs. Ƙarfin Wutar Gaba (Lankwasa I-V)

Wannan lankwasa (a Ta=25°C) yana kwatanta alaƙar da ba ta layi ba tsakanin kwararar da ke gudana ta sashin LED da ƙarfin wutar lantarki a cikinta. Yana da mahimmanci don ƙirar da'irar iyakance kwarara (yawanci resistor a jere) don tabbatar da aiki mai ƙarfi a hasken da ake so ba tare da wuce mafi girman kwararar gaba ba.

4.3 Lankwasa Rage Kwararar Gaba

Wannan ɗaya ne daga cikin mafi mahimmancin lankwasan don ƙira mai aminci. Yana nuna yadda dole ne a rage mafi girman kwararar gaba mai ci gaba (I_F) yayin da yanayin zafin aiki ya ƙaru sama da 25°C. Yin aiki a 85°C, alal misali, zai buƙaci ƙaramin ƙarfin tuƙi fiye da iyakar mafi girman ma'auni na 25mA don hana yin zafi da lalacewa cikin sauri.

5. Bayanin Injiniya da Fakitin

5.1 Girman Fakitin

Nunin yana bin daidaitaccen tsarin tsayin lamba na 7.62mm na masana'antu don saka ta cikin rami. Cikakken zanen ma'auni yana ba da duk mahimman ma'auni ciki har da tsayin gabaɗaya, girman lamba, tazarar fil (pitch), da diamita na fil. Tolerancin tsoho na ma'auni shine ±0.25mm sai dai idan an faɗi akasin haka. Daidaitaccen bin waɗannan ma'auni yana da mahimmanci don daidaitaccen shimfidar PCB da dacewar injiniya.

5.2 Pinout da Gano Polarity

Zanen da'irar ciki yana nuna tsarin anode na gama-gari na sassan bakwai da ma'aunin goma (idan akwai). Zanen ya gano lambobin fil ɗin da suka dace da kowane sashe (a har zuwa g) da fil ɗin anode na gama-gari. Dole ne a kiyaye polarity daidai yayin shigarwa; amfani da ƙarfin wutar lantarki mai juyawa da ya wuce 5V na iya lalata haɗin LED.

6. Jagororin Solder da Taro

6.1 Ma'auni na Solder

Iyakar mafi girman ma'auni ta ƙayyade yanayin zafi na solder (T_sol) na 260°C na tsawon lokacin da bai wuce dakika 5 ba. Wannan ya shafi hanyoyin solder na igiyar ruwa ko na hannu. Don sake kunnawa solder, dole ne a yi amfani da bayanin martaba wanda ya dace da fakitin filastik na na'urar, yawanci yana tsayawa cikin iyakokin zafin jiki na guduro.

6.2 Kariya daga Zubar da Lantarki (ESD)

Dice na LED a cikin nunin suna da hankali ga zubar da lantarki. Ana ba da shawarar yin taka tsantsan sosai: yi amfani da igiyoyin wuyan hannu da tashoshin aiki masu ƙasa, yi amfani da tabarmi na ƙasa da tabarmi na tebur, da kuma amfani da ionizers don kawar da caji a wuraren da ke da kayan rufewa. Ana buƙatar daidaitaccen ƙasa na duk kayan aikin da aka yi amfani da su a cikin taro.

6.3 Yanayin Ajiya

Ya kamata a adana na'urar a cikin ƙayyadadden kewayon yanayin zafin ajiya na -40°C zuwa +100°C, a cikin yanayi mai bushewa don hana shan danshi wanda zai iya haifar da "popcorning" yayin solder.

7. Bayanin Marufi da Oda

7.1 Ƙayyadaddun Marufi

Daidaitaccen tsarin marufi shine guda 26 a kowane bututu. Ana saka waɗannan bututun cikin akwatuna, tare da bututu 88 a kowane akwati. A ƙarshe, ana sanya akwatuna 4 cikin babban akwatin kati.

7.2 Bayanin Alamar

Alamun samfurin sun haɗa da filaye masu mahimmanci da yawa: Lambar Samfurin Abokin Ciniki (CPN), Lambar Samfurin Masana'anta (P/N), Adadin Tattarawa (QTY), Matsayi na Ƙarfin Hasken Wuta (CAT), da Lambar Rukuni (LOT No). Matsayin ƙarfi (CAT) yana da alaƙa da rarraba da aka ambata a baya.

8. Shawarwarin Aikace-aikace

8.1 Da'irori na Aikace-aikacen Al'ada

A matsayin nunin anode na gama-gari, ana tuka kowane cathode na sashe da kansu, yawanci ta hanyar fil ɗin microcontroller GPIO ko na'urar tuki na musamman (kamar 74HC595 shift register ko MAX7219). Dole ne a haɗa resistor mai iyakance kwarara a jere tare da kowane cathode na sashe. Ana ƙididdige ƙimar resistor ta amfani da R = (V_supply- V_F) / I_F, inda V_Fda I_Fsune wurin aiki da ake so daga takardar bayanin (misali, 2.0V a 10mA). Don samar da 5V, R = (5V - 2.0V) / 0.01A = 300 Ohms.

8.2 Abubuwan da Ake La'akari da Ƙira

• Iyakance Kwarara:Koyaushe yi amfani da resistors na waje masu iyakance kwarara. Tuka LED kai tsaye daga fil ɗin microcontroller ko tushen wutar lantarki zai yiwu ya wuce mafi girman kwararar gaba kuma ya lalata sashin.
• Haɗawa:Don nunin mai lambobi da yawa, haɗawa ya zama ruwan dare don rage adadin fil. Tabbatar cewa kololuwar kwarara a cikin aikin haɗawa bai wuce I ba_FPma'auni, la'akari da zagayowar aiki.
• Gudanar da Zafi:Ku bi lankwasa rage kwararar gaba. A cikin aikace-aikacen yanayin zafi mai girma, rage ƙarfin tuƙi don kiyaye aminci.
• Kusurwar Kallo:Bayan launin toka yana inganta bambanci a cikin yanayin haske mai yawa amma yana iya shafar halayen kusurwar kallo idan aka kwatanta da bango baki.

9. Kwatanta da Bambance-bambancen Fasaha

Idan aka kwatanta da nunin makamantan da ke da bango baki, farin fuska na wannan samfurin yana ba da ingantaccen karantawa a cikin wuraren da aka haskaka ta hanyar rage hasken da ke nunawa. Amfani da kayan guntu na AlGaInP don haske fari (mai yuwuwar nau'in da aka canza phosphor) yawanci yana ba da inganci da kwanciyar hankali. Ƙirar ta cikin rami tana ba da haɗin injiniya mai ƙarfi, wanda ya sa ya dace da aikace-aikacen da ke ƙarƙashin girgiza ko inda amincin solder ya fi mahimmanci, sabanin na'urorin da ake saka a saman.

10. Tambayoyin da Ake Yawan Yi (FAQ)

Q: Zan iya tuka wannan nunin kai tsaye daga fil ɗin microcontroller 5V a 20mA?

A: A'a. Dole ne ku yi amfani da resistor mai iyakance kwarara na jere don kowane sashe. Ƙarfin samar da kwarara/ɗiba na fil ɗin microcontroller da V na LED_Fdole ne a yi la'akari da su duka a cikin lissafin resistor.

Q: Menene bambanci tsakanin Tsawon Zango Mafi Girma da Tsawon Zango Mai Rinjaye?

A: Tsawon zango mafi girma shine kololuwar jiki na bakan fitarwa. Tsawon zango mai rinjaye shine tsawon zango guda ɗaya wanda idon ɗan adam ya gane wanda ya dace da launin hasken. Ga LED fari, sau da yawa sun bambanta sosai.

Q: Ta yaya zan zaɓi kwandon ƙarfin haske daidai?

A> Don bayyanar daidaitacce a cikin samfurin na'ura da yawa, ƙayyade kwandon ƙarfin da ake buƙata (lambar CAT) ga mai rarrabawa ko masana'anta. Yin amfani da na'urori daga kwandon gauraye na iya haifar da matakan haske daban-daban a bayyane.

Q: Ana buƙatar mai sanyaya zafi?

A> Don ci gaba da aiki a mafi girman ƙimar kwarara (25mA) kusa da ƙarshen kewayon yanayin zafi na aiki, ana ba da shawarar daidaitaccen shimfidar PCB don watsar zafi. Don aikin al'ada a 10-20mA a cikin matsakaicin yanayi, ba a buƙatar mai sanyaya zafi na musamman.

11: Nazarin Shari'ar Ƙira mai Amfani

Yanayi:Ƙirar karatun voltmeter mai lamba 4 mai sauƙi don aikace-aikacen dashboard na mota (yanayin zafi har zuwa 70°C).

Matakan Ƙira:

1. Da'irar Tuƙi:Yi amfani da microcontroller tare da na'urar tuki mai lamba 4, sassan bakwai ko na'urar tuki ta waje kamar MAX7219 don haɗawa, sauƙaƙe wayoyi.

2. Saitin Kwarara:Tuntubi lankwasa rage ƙima. A 70°C, mafi girman kwararar ci gaba ya yi ƙasa da 25mA. Zaɓin ƙarfin tuƙi na 8-10mA a kowane sashe yana tabbatar da aminci da isasshen haske.

3. Lissafin Resistor:Zaton samar da 5V da V_F= 2.0V a 10mA, R = (5V - 2.0V) / 0.01A = 300 Ohms. Yi amfani da resistor na ƙimar daidaitaccen 300Ω ko 330Ω a kowane cathode na sashe.

4. Shimfidar PCB:Sanya nunin a gefen sama na PCB. Tabbatar cewa ramukan fil sun dace da girman takardar bayanin. Ka ba da filin ƙasa mai ɗan girma a kusa da wurin nunin don taimakawa wajen watsar zafi.

12. Ka'idar Aiki

Nunin sassan bakwai tarin Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs) ne da aka tsara a cikin tsarin adadi takwas. Kowane ɗayan sassan rectangular bakwai (mai lakabin a har zuwa g) LED ne na mutum. Ta hanyar haskaka takamaiman haɗin waɗannan sassan, ana iya samar da lambobi 0-9 da wasu haruffa. A cikin tsarin anode na gama-gari kamar wannan, duk anodes na LED ɗin sashe an haɗa su tare zuwa tushen wutar lantarki mai kyau na gama-gari. Ana kunna kowane sashe ta hanyar amfani da LOW na dabaru (ko hanyar ƙasa) zuwa fil ɗin cathode ɗinsa ta hanyar resistor mai iyakance kwarara.

13. Trends na Fasaha

Trend a fasahar nunin yana motsawa zuwa ga mafi girman yawa, cikakken launi, da na'urorin da ake saka a saman. Duk da haka, nunin sassan bakwai na cikin rami kamar wannan sun kasance masu dacewa sosai saboda sauƙinsu, ƙarfi, ƙarancin farashi, da sauƙin amfani a cikin samfuri, kayan koyarwa, sarrafa masana'antu, da aikace-aikacen da ake buƙatar aminci da gani mai ƙarfi. Ci gaba a cikin kayan guntu na LED yana ci gaba da inganta inganci (lumens a kowace watt) da tsawon rayuwa, ko da ga waɗannan nau'ikan fakitin na gargajiya. Bin ka'idojin RoHS da Pb-free yanzu buƙatu ne na duniya, wanda dokokin muhalli na duniya suka motsa.